Introduction GCSE AQA Revision • Physics

Introduction
Forces – An

Forces – An
A vector quantity, such as
A force is a vector quantity.
force, has a direction as well
What does this mean?
as a magnitude.

1 1
Forces in Action

Forces in Action
GCSE AQA Revision • Physics
The moment of a
force about a pivot d is the perpendicular
is given by M = Fd. distance from the pivot to the
Describe fully what d line of action of the force.
represents.

2 2
Pressure and Pressure

Pressure and Pressure

True.
A liquid is under a GCSE AQA Revision • Physics
F
Differences
Differences

constant pressure. p=
A
The larger the area of surface so F = pA.
on which the pressure acts,
For a particular pressure, p,
the larger the force on that
the force F is proportional to
surface. True or false?
the area A.
3 3
Forces and Motion

Forces and Motion

GCSE AQA Revision • Physics

A typical speed for a person
What is a typical
walking is 1.5 m/s.
speed for a person walking?
2.5 m/s would be running.
Choose from:
0.5 m/s would be very slow
2.5 m/s 1.5 m/s 0.5 m/s
walking.

4 4
Forces and Acceleration

Forces and Acceleration

GCSE AQA Revision • Physics

We can use this equation to

Which equation is used to
summarise Newton’s Second
summarise Newton’s Second
Law:
Law?
force = mass × acceleration

5 5
Terminal Velocity and

Terminal Velocity and

Momentum GCSE AQA Revision • Physics

Momentum
The resistive force acting
What can you say about upwards equals the weight
the forces on an object acting downwards. The forces
that is falling at its terminal are balanced and there is no
velocity? resultant force on the object.

6 6
Stopping and Braking

Stopping and Braking

Factors that increase the
GCSE AQA Revision • Physics
braking distance include:
List factors that will increase higher vehicle speed; ice,
the braking distance of a snow or water on the road;
vehicle. poorly functioning brakes;
worn tyres; incorrectly
inflated tyres.
7 7
Energy Stores and

Energy Stores and

In the equation GCSE AQA Revision • Physics k is the spring constant of the
Ee = 1 ke2 for spring, which is a measure of
Transfers

Transfers

2
calculating the elastic its stiffness:
potential energy stored in a force applied to
stretched spring, what does k spring = k × extension
represent and what is its unit? The unit of k is N/m.
8 8

On a very cold day, a hut with

Energy Transfers and

Energy Transfers and

Complete this
thin metal walls will cool down
sentence correctly. GCSE AQA Revision • Physics
very quickly because of the
Resources

Resources

On a very cold day,

metal’s high thermal conductivity.
a hut with thin metal walls
The higher the thermal
will cool down very quickly
conductivity of a material, the
because of the metal’s …
higher the rate of energy transfer
… low thermal conductivity
by conduction through the
… high thermal conductivity 9 9
material.
Waves and Wave

Waves and Wave

GCSE AQA Revision • Physics

Properties

Properties

What is the relationship

wave speed = frequency ×
between wave speed, wave
wavelength
frequency and wavelength?

10 10
Reflection, Refraction

Reflection, Refraction
The light changes direction
GCSE AQA Revision • Physics (is refracted) away from the
Light travels across
and Sound

and Sound
normal (the perpendicular
a boundary from a material
to the boundary) – unless
of high refractive index into
the light is travelling
air. Describe its change of
perpendicular to the
direction.
boundary, in which case it
11 will continue straight. 11

One type of seismic

Waves for Detection

Waves for Detection

S-waves (secondary seismic
wave is a transverse
and Exploration

and Exploration
GCSE AQA Revision • Physics waves) are transverse and
wave that cannot
cannot travel through a
travel through a
liquid.
liquid. Another type of seismic
P-waves (primary seismic
wave is a longitudinal wave that
waves) are longitudinal
travels much faster.
and travel much faster than
Give the names of each of
12 S-waves. 12
these types of seismic wave.

Which type of
The Electromagnetic

The Electromagnetic

electromagnetic
radiation correctly GCSE AQA Revision • Physics

fills the gap in

Spectrum

Spectrum

these sentences?
In an energy efficient lamp, ……… Ultraviolet (UV)
waves are produced by the gas inside
when an electric current passes. These
waves are absorbed by the
coating on the lamp, which
13 13
then gives off visible light.

A convex lens is thicker in the middle

than at the edges. Parallel rays of
GCSE AQA Revision • Physics
light converge to the principal focus
after passing through a convex lens.
Lenses

Lenses

Describe the difference A concave lens is thicker at the edges

between a convex lens and a than in the middle. Parallel rays
of light spread out (diverge) after
concave lens. passing through a concave lens, so
that they appear to have come from
the principal focus on the
14 side of the lens from which 14
they came.
Light and Black Body

Light and Black Body

GCSE AQA Revision • Physics

Radiation

Radiation

A perfect black body absorbs

When we study emission and
all of the radiation incident
absorption of radiation, what is
on it. It does not reflect or
meant by a perfect black body?
transmit any of the radiation.

15 15
An Introduction to

An Introduction to
Electricity What is the GCSE AQA Revision • Physics

Electricity
equation relating
the potential difference Potential difference
across, the current through = current × resistance
and the resistance of a
component in a circuit?
16 16
Circuits and Resistance

Circuits and Resistance

GCSE AQA Revision • Physics

An LDR is a light-dependent
State the behaviour of an LDR in
resistor. Its electrical
a circuit when the light intensity
resistance increases when the
falling on it decreases.
light intensity decreases.

17 17
Circuits and Power

Circuits and Power

State the equation GCSE AQA Revision • Physics

for calculating the Power P = I 2 R

electrical power P of a device The unit of power is the watt,
of resistance R, when the W (equivalent to J/s).
current through it is I, and
state the unit of power.
18 18
Domestic Uses of

Domestic Uses of

GCSE AQA Revision • Physics

State the colours
Electricity

Electricity

Live wire: brown

of the wires in the cable of a
Neutral wire: blue
domestic appliance: the live
Earth wire: green and yellow
wire, the neutral wire and the
(stripes)
earth wire.

19 19

True or false? True.

Electrical Energy in

Electrical Energy in

If all of the electrical GCSE AQA Revision • Physics The electrical energy supplied to
energy supplied the kettle is power × time = I V t.
Devices

Devices

to an efficient kettle is used to The rise in temperature of the

heat the water, this equation water ∆θ depends on the mass m
determines the change in and the specific heat capacity c of
temperature of the water, the water. Energy change
∆θ. I V t = m c ∆θ 20 of water = m c ∆θ. 20
 Static Electricity

Static Electricity
GCSE AQA Revision • Physics
An electric field is a region
around an electrically charged
What is meant by an
object in which another
electric field?
electrically charged object will
experience a force.

21 21

Which of these
Electromagnetism

Electromagnetism
sentence endings A magnetic material brought
Magnetism and

makes the statement GCSE AQA Revision • Physics
correct?
A magnetic material brought
close to a magnet …
… is always attracted to the
N pole of the magnet.
… is attracted to the
nearest pole of the magnet.
The Motor Effect
Magnetism and
close to a magnet is attracted to
the nearest pole of the magnet.
The strong magnetic field near
either magnet pole makes the
nearby magnetic material an
induced magnet and this
always causes attraction.
22 22

The Motor Effect

GCSE AQA Revision • Physics

The magnetic flux density, the
List the factors that
size of the current and the
affect the size of the force on
HT

HT

length of the conductor that is

a current-carrying conductor
in (and perpendicular to) the
in a magnetic field.
magnetic field.

23 23
Induced Potential and

Induced Potential and

An alternator is an
electromagnetic device that
Transformers

Transformers

GCSE AQA Revision • Physics

generates an alternating
current. A magnet rotates close
What is an alternator and to a coil of wire. The changing
HT

HT

how does it work? magnetic field through the coil

induces an alternating potential
difference between its ends and
so generates an alternating
24 current in its circuit. 24

Specific heat capacity is the energy

needed to raise the temperature
Particle Model

Particle Model

GCSE AQA Revision • Physics

What is the
of 1 kg of the material by 1 °C,
of Matter

of Matter

difference between the

with no change of state.
specific heat capacity and
Specific latent heat is the energy
the specific latent heat of a
needed to change the state of
material?
1 kg of the material, with no
25 change in temperature. 25
Atoms and Isotopes
Choose the correct
word to complete
this sentence.
Isotopes of an element contain
the same number of …
… neutrons … protons
Complete the gaps
in the sentences.
Nuclear Radiation
Choose from:
greater smaller
GCSE AQA Revision • Physics
more less
Beta radiation has a … ionising
power than alpha radiation and
so is … penetrating and has a …
range in air.
A beta source a few metres away
from you is therefore likely
to be … dangerous than an
alpha source at that distance.
Using Radioactive
Sources
State two definitions of
radioactive half-life.
Fission and Fusion
How does a chain reaction
start during nuclear fission?
Stars and the Solar
System
What is meant by a main
sequence star?
Atoms and Isotopes
GCSE AQA Revision • Physics
Isotopes of an element
contain the same number of
protons.
They have different numbers
of neutrons.
26 26
Nuclear Radiation
Beta radiation has a smaller
ionising power than alpha
radiation and so is more
penetrating and has a greater
range in air.
A beta source a few metres
away from you is therefore
likely to be more dangerous
than an alpha source at that
distance.
27 27
1. The half-life is the (average)
Using Radioactive
GCSE AQA Revision • Physics
time taken for half of the
radioactive nuclei in a
Sources
sample to decay.
2. The half-life is the time
taken for the activity (or
count rate) of a radioactive
sample to fall to half its
28 original value. 28
During fission, a large nucleus
splits into two smaller ones
Fission and Fusion
GCSE AQA Revision • Physics and two or three neutrons are
emitted with kinetic energy.
Fission can be initiated by
a large nucleus absorbing
a neutron. So the neutrons
emitted from the first fission
can go on to cause fission of
two or three other nuclei,
29 and so the process continues 29
and escalates.
Stars and the Solar
A main sequence star is in the
GCSE AQA Revision • Physics
stable part of its lifecycle. There is
equilibrium (a balance) between
System
the inward gravitational collapse
of the star and the outward
expansion of the star due to
energy from fusion of hydrogen
in the star’s core.
30 30
 Light from all distant galaxies
Orbital Motion and

Orbital Motion and

shows red-shift – an increase
GCSE AQA Revision • Physics in wavelength – which tells us
they are all moving away from
Red-Shift

Red-Shift
How does red-shift provide us. More distant galaxies have
greater red-shift, which means
evidence supporting the Big
they are moving away with
Bang theory? greater speed. This agrees with
the Big Bang theory, which
proposes that the universe
31 began from a very small, hot 31
and dense region.