International Journal of Advances in Mechanical and Civil Engineering, ISSN: 2394-2827 Volume-3, Issue-3, Jun.

-2016

STUDY OF MIX DESIGN FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE

SACHIN PATIL

E-mail: jay40308@rediffmail.com

Abstract— In present research work a thorough study and analysis of Mix Design of High Performance Concrete has been
done. Initially VSI Coarse Aggregate ( having size 20 & 10 mm ) and VSI Crushed Stone Sand, Pozzocrete-100 and
Pozzocrete-60 Fly Ash Samples and Microsilica 920 D are collected. In the first phase of research study, for High
Performance Concrete Mix design, total 27 trial mixes have been carried out by using 10 mm VSI aggregate along with
75%,70%,65% Cement and fly ash replaced in three different percentage i.e. 25, 30 & 35 % and microsilica replaced in two
different percentage i.e. 5% & 10%. In second phase using combination of 20 mm and 10 mm VSI aggregate, 8 trial mixes
has been carried out. In Second phase P-60 & P-100 type of fly Ash and microsilica is utilized in different percentage to
achieve the targeted strength (M-80). Initially aggregate proportioning was done on maximum density approach. Trial mixes
were carried out to fix the water content, sand percent and required slump. After finalizing the water content, sand percent
and slump, final mixes were run and specimens casted. Cubical specimens of size 150 mm X 150 mm were cast for
compressive strength, 150 mm X 150 mm cylinders for permeability test. The specimens were tested at 7 & 28 days age for
Compressive strength and 28 days age for Permeability test. Results of all the tests were thoroughly studied and analyzed.

Keywords— Fly ash, Microsilica, Aggregate.

I. INTRODUCTION 4) To make a database of High Performance

American Concrete Institute defines High
Performance Concrete as “Concrete meeting special
combination of performance and uniformity
requirements that cannot always be achieved
routinely using conventional material and normal
mixing, placing and curing method.
High Performance Concrete can be termed as
concrete having grade greater than M-45 (As IS:
10262-2009 caters for the concrete up to the grade M-
40). Also it has to perform satisfactorily on properties
like strength, permeability, workability, durability
and cohesive mix which give a response to long term
environmental effects.
As far as Water Resources Department is concerned,
mostly dams are designed as solid gravity dam.
Therefore High Performance Concrete with greater
strength may not be required while designing solid
gravity dams. However different parts of dam
(Spillway Bridge) and big structure on canal attract
High Performance Concrete for thinner and
economical sections.
In view of the above it was thought of to develop a
mix having characteristic strength of 80 MPa.
II. OBJECTIVES
1) To find the optimum % of mineral admixture
like fly ash and microsilica this is to be used in
High Performance Concrete mix for given
cementious content.
2) To develop M-80 grade of concrete within
cement consumption limit set by IS: 456-2000
(maximum cement is 450 kg/cum).
3) To make ready reference for various grades of
concrete above M-45 grade of Concrete.
Concrete, this will be useful for further High
Performance Concrete research studies.
III. METHODOLOGY
1) Collection of materials.
2) Testing of materials for their physical &
chemical properties.
3) Proportioning of aggregates on maximum
density approach.
4) Mix design calculations for given cementitious
content by blending of fly ash and microsilica
in different percentage.
5) Finding water content for a given mix.
6) Calculating fine aggregate ( crushed sand ) %.
7) Fixing the % of various sizes of coarse
aggregate ( i.e. 20-10, 10 - 4.75 mm ) based on
maximum density approach.
8) Carry out trial mixes to get required slump &
homogenous concrete mix without
honeycombing & segregation.
9) Casting of samples for various cementitious
contents with different percentage of fly ash
and microsilica.
10) Testing of samples at 7 & 28 days age.
11) Results and discussions.
IV. MATERIALS
1) Cementitious materials: It is a combination
of cement and fly ash, micro silica in certain
specified %.
2) Cement: Ultratech OPC 53 grade cement is
used in this study. It is tested for physical
properties as per IS : 12269:1981.
3) Fly ash: P-100 and P-60 type of Fly ash
were used in High Performance Research

Study of Mix Design For High Performance Concrete

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International Journal of Advances in Mechanical and Civil Engineering, ISSN: 2394-2827
Study. The physical & chemical properties
are tested as per IS : 3812:1981.
4) Microsilica: 920 D Densified microsilica
were used in High Performance Concrete
Research Study.
5) Fine Aggregate (Crushed sand): For all the
High Performance Concrete mixes 100 %
VSI crushed sand was used. This materials
are tested for physical properties as per IS :
383 :1970.
6) Coarse Aggregate: VSI Coarse aggregate
having size 20 mm and 10 mm was used and
tested for physical properties as per IS : 383
:1970. Coarse aggregates were graded using
maximum density approach and final
proportion are as follows;
20 mm to 10 mm : 60 %
10 mm to 4.75 mm : 40 %
7) Admixture : In High Performance Concrete
research study water cement ratio is very
low, to achieve the desired workability and
strength, a powerful retarding admixture
(Super Plasticizer) Master Glenium Sky
8855 was used, It satisfies requirements of
IS 9103 & ASTM C494 : Type B & D.
8) Water : Potable water is used for mixing
the concrete which is free from injurious
amounts of oil, acids, alkalis, salts, sugar,
organic materials or other substances that
may be deleterious to High Performance
Concrete.
V. MIX DESIGN
It was required to make a concrete of grade M-80.
The slump required was to the tune of 75 to 100 mm.
1) In this research study mix proportions of
different water cement ratio viz, 0.15, 0.20,
0.22, 0.25 and 0.30 included.
2) For every water cement ratio cement is
replaced by fly ash and microsilica is on
weight basis keeping cement in the limit 450
kg/m3 as per IS: 456-2000.
3) For above study the proportion of coarse
aggregate and fine aggregate was determined
in the laboratory by running trial mixes for
various combinations.
4) The amount of coarse and fine aggregate used
were 60% and 40% by mass of total aggregates
and the amounts of different ingredients were
determined by using the solid volume
formulas.
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Volume-3, Issue-3, Jun.-2016
5) Based on various trial mixes, super plasticizer
dosage by weight of cement is used to yield
desired slump of concrete varied 75 to 100
mm. The dosage has been kept in the range of
0.5 to 1.5 % of Cementitious content. (In lieu
of limit of 2 % respectively by weight of
cementitious materials as per IS: 456-2000.
VI. TESTING OF SPECIMENS
1) The specimens cast for various tests were of
size,
 Compressive strength test:
15 cm x 15 cm cubes.
 Permeability test:
15 cm dia x 15 cm ht. Cylinders.
2) The specimens were cast in three equal
layers of concrete each layer being
compacted on a vibrating table. Mixing time
for every mix was kept as 3 minutes to get
uniform mix. Then the specimens were
cured in curing tank until the day of testing.
 Compressive Strength Test
( as per IS 516-1959)
 Permeability Test
( as per IS : 3085-1965 )
VI. OBSERVATIONS DURING HPC STUDY
3) There is a little variation in water content for
all the mixes.
4) Mix Using P-100, P-60 Fly Ash and
Microsilica is flowy and homogeneous.
5) The Pozzocrete 100 mix and Pozzocrete was
found to be highly cohesive and easy to
work.
6) Mix using combination of P-100 & P-60
with microsilica is harsh and sticky.
7) Specimens casting using P-100, P-60 &
microsilica have best surface finish.
8) At every trial mix, constant flow measured
in the range 90-100 mm.
9) The Water Demand increases as the
microsilica added in the mix.
10) Specimen show cup and cone appearance
after failure for compressive strength.
VII. RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS
Abstract for test results are shown in table 1 and
analysis of the test results are as below:
International Journal of Advances in Mechanical and Civil Engineering, ISSN: 2394-2827 Volume-3, Issue-3, Jun.-2016

Table 1. Abstract of Test Details For Various Trial Mixes

8.1 Compressive Strength

1) From graph of 7 D & 28 Days Compressive
Strength vs. water cement ratio the
Compressive Strength increases as % of
cement in cementitious content decreases.
2) All the combinations ( Type A, Type B &
Type C ) shows 28 days compressive
strength greater than 70 Mpa with a
maximum of 78 Mpa for water cement ratio
0.15.
3) For 0.20 water cement ratio 28 days
compressive strength lies between 65 Mpa
and 75 Mpa as well as for 0.25 water cement
ratio 28 days compressive strength lies
between 64 Mpa and 68 Mpa.
4) From graph of 7 Days Compressive Strength
vs. water cement ratio the increase in % of
microsilica (from 5 % to 10 % ) increase in
compressive strength is noticed.
5) From Graph of 28 Days Compressive
Strength vs. water cement ratio, Mix F
Study of Mix Design For High Performance Concrete
shows the compressive strength is greater
than 78 Mpa for 0.20 w/c ratio and for w/c
ratio 0.25c ompressive strength is greater
than 75 Mpa.
6) Mix D and E Shows compressive strength
greater than 75 Mpa for 0.20 water cement
ratio which however drops up to 67 Mpa for
water cement ratio 0.25.
7) Mix A, B and C shows compressive Strength
greater than 66 Mpa at water cement ratio
0.20.
8) From graph of 28 Days Compressive
Strength vs. cementitious material, the target
of 80 Mpa the laboratory strength work put
to 89 Mpa.
 The maximum strength with fly ash
(P-60 and P-100) is 85 Mpa and that
with blending of fly ash and Microsilica
is 87 Mpa.

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International Journal of Advances in Mechanical and Civil Engineering, ISSN: 2394-2827 Volume-3, Issue-3, Jun.-2016

 These laboratory strength shows the
field strength with fly ash is ≈78 Mpa
and that with blending with fly ash and
Microsilica is ≈80 Mpa which is not
equal or closer to the target strength.
 It can be said that these mixes (A & B )
will give a field strength ≥ 75 Mpa
( 94 % of targeted strength i.e 89 Mpa ).
 Mixes F & G will give a field strength ≥
78 Mpa (97 % of targeted strength i.e
89 Mpa).

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International Journal of Advances in Mechanical and Civil Engineering, ISSN: 2394-2827 Volume-3, Issue-3, Jun.-2016

8.2 Permeability CONCLUSIONS

1) Permeability is very important test of any
water retaining structure. Permeability is
also indirectly related to the durability of
concrete.
2) All the HPC mixes are very encouraging as
for a pressure of 10 Kg/cm2 there is
absolutely no leakage from none of the
samples for cementitious content.
1) Addition Of processed Fly Ash improves the
compressive strength of the Concrete. Percentage
of compressive strength gain from 7 days to 28
days of concrete mix A, B and C is 8 %, 9% and
10 % respectively.
2) Keeping the quantum of cement (450 Kg/m3) in
permissible limits High Grade Concrete can be
produced.

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International Journal of Advances in Mechanical and Civil Engineering, ISSN: 2394-2827 Volume-3, Issue-3, Jun.-2016

3) Use of VSI metal & artificial sand clubbed with a compacted concrete is increasing at tremendous
powerful chemical admixture like Master rate. In case of secondary concrete for radial
Glenium 8855 provides freedom to the producer gates and other gates in dams this type of self
of concrete to limit water content in the mix and compacted concrete may prove effective and
at the same time keeping water cement ratio as more useful.
low as 0.15
4) The aforesaid combination also provides required REFERENCES
flow for pumpable concrete.
5) Addition of High Grade Concrete in the [1] Mix Design Report No. 13/2013-14 Of Grade M-50 ( 20
structural design will reduce the size of the MSA ).
[2] Indian Standard: 456-2000 Plain and Reinforced Concrete-
members and thereby reducing quantum of Code Of Practice.
cement and aggregate in the mix. This will [3] Indian Standard: 10262-2009 Guidelines for Concrete Mix
eventually reduce carbon footprints. Design.
[4] Indian Standard: 383-1970 Specifications for Coarse and
6) The present study inspires to explore further in
Fine aggregate.
this direction. Therefore as sequel of this study [5] Indian Standard: 1489 ( Part-I ) 1991Specifications for
will shortly be in hand. Portland Pozzolana Cement.
7) It is observed that these mixes have adequate [6] Indian Standard :9103-1999 Specification For Concrete
Admixtures
flow and with some improvement and addition
[7] Concrete Technology: Author M.S. Shetty
can be converted in to self compacting concrete. [8] Properties Of Concrete by A.M. Neville.
As everybody knows applicability of self

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