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A Detailed Lesson Plan in English

Fourth Year/Grade 10

I. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
1. Identify the different literary devices.
2. Read a poem correctly, with expressions.
3. Provide a reaction to the poem by Dylan Thomas
4. Appreciate reading poems
5. Make their own poem.
II. Subject Matter
Literary Devices
III. Instructional Materials
Reference/s: https://blog.prepscholar.com/list-of-literary-devices-techniques
Materials: Laptop, LCD Projector

IV. Methods and Procedures

Teacher’s Activities Student’s Activities

A. Motivation

“Let’s read, and try to analyse the Poem We (Students read the poem aloud)
Real Cool by Gwendolyn Brooks”

We Real Cool by Gwendolyn Brooks

THE POOL PLAYERS.


SEVEN AT THE GOLDEN SHOVEL.

We real cool. We
Left school. We

Lurk late. We
Strike straight. We

Sing sin. We
Thin gin. We

Jazz June. We
Die soon.
“Okay, What is the poem about? Who are the We “The poem is about rebellious youth, young
in the poem?” people that think they’re cool because they left
their education, for them education is uncool.
They stay late playing pool, drink alcohol, and
they speak against the church or the
establishment because they hate what these
institutions represent. They live carelessly,
without any regard for their safety and their
future, and this will cause their early demise. “

“The We in the poem pertains to a group of


young people who goes against the norms of
society, for their brotherhood, or gang.”

“That was a very good explanation, the poem is


about rebellious youngsters showing defiance
and stubborn allegiance to the gang. However
the poem can be viewed in many ways, it can be
viewed in an extremely chilled YOLO kind of way,
or as a fashionable statement because being
outside the mainstream is cool, or we can view it
as anti-establishment, young people fighting in
great defiance against the establishment even if
it means dying young. ”

“The We in the poem speaks of the youth in


general, it can be anyone, out-of-school youth,
rebellious teenagers, activists, and hipsters”.

“Should the youth be reckless in their youth? (Student A) “Yes, we should be reckless, because
Should they challenge the norms of the society we are only young once, and we have plenty of
they live in or should they follow the rules and be time following the rules once we grow old and
respectable members of society? What is the role have jobs. But right now we should just have fun”
of the youth?

“Okay (Student A) interesting answer, the young (Student B) “Sir, the youth must follow the rules,
are foolish and reckless. Any other answers?” because it is in following the rules that give order
to a society. What is the use of our education if
we waste it doing nonsensical things and
violating laws? We must strive to be respectable
citizens of our country. The youth are the future
builders of the nation”

“Very good answer (Student B), one more answer (Student C) “Sir, I agree that we should follow
before we move into our lesson” rules and make good use of our education, but It
is also our role to disrupt the status quo and
question established ideals in our society. I think
the more important role of the youth is to bring
change, we must question the norms because
what is right for the previous generation might
not be right for our generation and the future
generations. Knowledge and technology develops
overtime and it is the role of the youth to disrupt
complacency and make sure that society moves
with it. In that case sir, the youth can be seen as
reckless and stubborn, but that recklessness and
stubbornness is needed if we want our country
and society to progress.”

“Thank you, (Student C) that was very insightful


answer. Now let us move on to our lesson”

B. Presentation

Show a PowerPoint presentation of the literary


devices.

“Do you know any literary devices?” “Literary devices are a collection of universal
artistic structures that are so typical of all works
of literature frequently employed by the writers
to give meanings and a logical framework to their
works through language.”

“What is a literary device?”

C. Discussion

Now let us read the poem Do Not Go Gentle Into


That Good Night by Dylan Thomas, and identify
the literary devices used in the poem.

Do not go gentle into that good night by Dylan Thomas

Do not go gentle into that good night,


Old age should burn and rave at close of day;
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

Though wise men at their end know dark is right,


Because their words had forked no lightning they
Do not go gentle into that good night.
Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright
Their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

Wild men who caught and sang the sun in flight,


And learn, too late, they grieved it on its way,
Do not go gentle into that good night.

Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight


Blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

And you, my father, there on the sad height,


Curse, bless, me now with your fierce tears, I pray.
Do not go gentle into that good night.
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

“What are the different literary devices? “ “Allegory, Allusion, Anachronism, Colloquialism,
Epigraph, Euphemism, Flashback, Foreshadowing,
Hyperbole, Imagery, Irony, Juxtaposition,
Malapropism, Metaphor, Simile, Metonym,
Oxymoron, Paradox, Personification, Repetition,
Soliloquy, Symbolism, Synecdoche”

“Can you identify the literary devices used in the “Metaphor, Repetition, Alliteration, Imagery,
poem?” Paradox, Oxymoron”

“What is a metaphor?” “Metaphors are when ideas, actions, or objects


are described in non-literal terms.”

“What is repetition?” “Repetition is when a word or phrase is written


multiple times, usually for the purpose of
emphasis.”

“What is an alliteration?” “Alliteration is a series of words or phrases that


all start with the same sound.”
“What is imagery?” “Imagery is when an author describes a scene,
thing, or idea so that it appeals to our senses.”

“What is a paradox” “A paradox is a statement that appears illogical or


self-contradictory but, upon investigation, might
actually be true or plausible.”

“What is an oxymoron?” “An oxymoron is a combination of two words


that, together, express a contradictory meaning.”
“Very good, now that we have identified the
literary device used in the poem, let us analyse
each stanza

Do not go gentle into that good night,


Old age should burn and rave at close of day;
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

“The poem is about a son’s plea to his dying


father. The son wanted to show to his father that
all men face death, but still live their lives despite
of knowing the inevitable. Hence the title Do Not
Go Gentle into That Good Night. The second line
is almost the thesis for this poem.”

“Thomas classifies men into four different


categories to persuade his father to realize that
no matter the life choices, consequences, or
personalities, there is a reason to live. It is
possible that Thomas uses these categories to
give his father no excuses, regardless of what he
did in life.”

Though wise men at their end know dark is right,


Because their words had forked no lightning they
Do not go gentle into that good night.

“First are wise men, suggests that they know that


death is a natural part of life and they are wise
enough to know they should accept it. However,
the next line reasons that they fight against it.
They want to hold on to life to be able to leave
their mark, thereby leaving their mark in history
as great scholars or philosophers.”

Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright


Their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

“Next are good men, reflecting on their lives as


death nears them. Thomas suggests in this stanza
that good men are now few and hard to come by,
and these good men are telling their stories in a
pedestal, self-proclaiming their works as good.
However their frail deeds will not be
remembered regardless of their significance.
After reflecting on the past they want to live so
they can leave their names etched in history.”

Wild men who caught and sang the sun in flight,


And learn, too late, they grieved it on its way,
Do not go gentle into that good night.

“Next are wild men, who have learned too late


that they won’t live forever. They spent their lives
doing crazy things, adventures and excitements
and only now realized that time has caught up
with them, they have chased what they could not
catch. They learned too late, and now grieve
because they lived recklessly. But even though
the end is approaching, they will not give in
because they want more time to hold on to the
adventure of their youth and perhaps right a few
wrongs that they have done.”

Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight


Blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

“And last are the grave men. The use of grave


men has almost a double meaning, referring to
men who are saddened as well as being
physically near death. They have felt the mental
and physical strains of life, their eyes are now
failing, and are now near their end. However
there is still a passion burning within their eyes
for an existence, even if it is a frail state. Thomas
possibly suggest that his father can still live and
be happy even in a frail state.”

And you, my father, there on the sad height,


Curse, bless, me now with your fierce tears, I pray.
Do not go gentle into that good night.
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

“And lastly, Thomas presents that all men, no


matter the lives they lived, their experiences
happy or sad, fight for more time. He urges his
father to do the same, he begs his father not to
die while he watch over his father fade to time. It
appears that his father has surrendered to his
fate.”

“Thomas starts the poem referring to wise men,


then to good men, then changes pace to wild
men, and finally fades out with grave men. One
reason he uses this progression is to start with
where he sees his father’s character lie, and then
finally move toward what Thomas believes his
father has resigned himself as. His father’s
resignation to his current state is eating away at
him. The conflicting images of the father’s tears
being both a curse and a blessing echo the earlier
idea that death is something that is both natural
and something to be railed against; the tears of
the father are a curse, because they strike the
fear of mortality into his child, and a blessing
because they remind that child to live their life to
the fullest extent possible. Ultimately, the image
of the father’s tears is the central idea for Do not
go gentle into that good night; it is a poem that
attempts to describe the author’s complex
relationship with his own mortality.”

“However, As Dylan Thomas was known for his


left-wing political tendencies, and a man fully
conscious of social conditions and one that is
grounded in Marxism, I would like to make
reference to a Marxist way of seeing the poem.
From this point of view, the light and the
darkness which are in conflict in this poem, could
also represent the revolutionary socialism that
Thomas claimed for against the capitalism or the
fascism contemporary to the writer. Therefore,
the ‘rage’ could represent the fight for the
human rights and for another political system.”

D. Application

Form 4 groups and each group will present their


own interpretation of a stanza in the poem. The
groups will pick one from stanzas 2, 3, 4, and 5
E. Generalization

“Literary devices are techniques that writers use


to create a special and pointed effect in their
writing, to convey information, and/or to help
the reader understand the piece on a deeper
level. These devices are often used for emphasis
or clarity; they are also used to get the reader to
more strongly connect with either the story as a
whole or specific characters, themes.”

“For one, knowing what literary devices are, as


well as what kinds there are, helps you
understand the author’s motivation behind the
choices he/she’s made when crafting the work.”

“Secondly, being able to identify literary devices


can make a written work's overall meaning or
purpose clearer to you.”

“Finally, literary devices are very important in


understanding literature and they also make
literature more interesting and more fun to
read.”

F. Valuing

There is a strong need to develop a genuine love


for reading, not only does it strengthen the
students’ vocabularies and reading and writing
skills, it can also serve as an outlet for emotional
and creative expression. Prose and poetry are not
answerable by multiple choice questions nor
provide easily tabulated scores, its purpose is to
produce keen critics that dissects texts and
meanings, and lovers of literature who sees it as
something mystifying, something that cannot be
solved but needs to be experienced.
G. Evaluation

Write an essay

1. Reflect on the message of the poem and give


your own opinions on life and death.

2. What are you “Raging” for?

V. Homework

Use the literary devices that we have discussed and write your own poem.
You will read it to the class next meeting.

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