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introduction
Financial management : it is a specialized functional field, dealing
with the
management of finance right from estimation and procurement till its
effective
utilization in the business. It is an area looked after by the finance
manager
who deals with the following issues:
i). Which new proposals for employing capital should be accepted
by the firm ?
ii). How much working capital will be needed to support the firm's
operations ?
iii). Where should the firm go to raise long term capital and how
much will it
cost ?
iv). Should the firm declare dividend on its equity capital and if so,
how large a
dividend should be declared ?
v). What steps can be taken to increase the value of firm's equity
capital?
The above issues are solved by taking three major decisions (1)
Investment
decision (2) Financing decision (3) Dividend decision. As objective
of the
Financial Management is to maximize the value (i.e. wealth of
shareholders).
the firm should strive for an optimal combination of the there
interrelated
decisions solved jointly .The decisions to invest in a new capital
project, for
example, necessities financing the investment. The financing
decisions in turn,
influences and is influenced by the dividend decision. The retained
earnings
used in internal financing represents dividends foregone by the
shareholders.
With a proper conceptual frame work, joint decisions that tend to be
optimal
can be reached .