Comparison of Quantitative and Qualitative Research

Quantitative Qualitative
Purpose To study relationships, cause and effect To examine a phenomenon as it is, in rich
detail
Design Developed prior to study Flexible, evolves during study
Approach Deductive; tests theory Inductive; may generate theory
Tools Uses preselected instruments The researcher is primary data collection tool
Sample Uses large samples Uses small samples
Analysis Statistical analysis of numeric data Narrative description and interpretation
i.e. Statistical package for the Social Sciences
(SPSS)

 Quantitative Research
Experimental- involves a study of manipulation of variables
o Experimental treatment or independent variable- controlled
o Dependent Variable- observed and measured

Non-experimental
o Ex post facto research- the same with experimental research but does not involve manipulating of
variables. The investigation begins after the event has occurred so no control over the event is possible.
E.g. “What is the effect of part-time work on school achievement of high school students?”
o Correlational research
o Survey research- also called as descriptive research
Uses questionnaires and interviews to gather information from groups or individuals
Uses opinion polls

Quantitative Analysis- deals with data in the form of numbers and uses mathematical operations to investigate their
properties
Some of the primary purposes of quantitative analysis are to:
Measure, make comparisons, examine relationships, make forecasts, test hypotheses, construct concepts and theories,
explore, control and explain.
>Identifying variables in terms of relationships:
-Independent
-Dependent
Independent affects the Dependent variable

Parts of a Research paper

Title Page- Title, Authors, Date published
Chapter I Introduction
1.1Background of the Study- problem, cause of the problem, why is there a need for this research
1.2 Statement of the problem
1.3 Significance of the Study- Relevance, Beneficiaries
1.4 Definition of Terms- Define keywords
1.5 Scope and Delimitations- Variables, location, date, people involved
Chapter II Review of Related Literature
Chapter III Methodology
Chapter IV Results and Discussion
Chapter V Conclusion and Recommendation
References
 [TITLE]

A Senior High School Research Paper Presented to

Mrs. Rhea G. Millaro
Ms. Myra Lee C. Esmaya

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Course
Practical Research II

Last name, first name

Last name, first name

Date
Title- most important part
- Should contain keywords
> Descriptive- “The effects of social media on young people”
> Conclusive- “Social media has badly destroyed our youngsters.”
Introduction
Background of the Study- problem, cause of the problem, why is there a need for this research
Statement of the problem
Significance of the Study- Relevance, Beneficiaries
Definition of Terms- Define keywords
Scope and Delimitations- Variables, location, date, people involved

Review of Related Literature

Role of Related literature in quantitative research
Knowledge of related research enables investigators to define the boundaries of their field.
A Thorough review of related theory and research enables researchers to place their questions in perspective. : You should
review the literature to find links between your study and the accumulated knowledge in your field of interest.
Reviewing related literature helps researchers to limit their research question and to clarify and define the concepts of the
study:
e.g. “What do parenting practices have to do with mental health?”
Mental Health can be narrowed down to stress, creativity, frustration, aggression, achievement, motivation, and
adjustment
Through studying related research, investigators learn which methodologies have proven useful and which seem less
promising.
A thorough search through related research avoids unintentional replication of previous studies.
The study of related literature places researchers in a better position to interpret the significance of their own results

References
-Alphabetical
(APA) American Psychological Association
From Website:
Last, F. M. (Year, Month Date Published). Article title. Retrieved from URL.

From Journal/ Article.

Last, F. M. (Year, Month Date Published). Article title. Journal. Page number

In-text citation
(last name, year)