CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE, SYTEMS AND STUDIES

This chapter indicates the ideas and concepts relevant to the present subject relating to the
other studies and is discussed to provide the foundation of the study. In order to find the correct
method and procedures, careful review of literatures, systems and studies must be done for the
development of the study.

LOCAL STUDY

According to Pitagann, et.al 2017. E-Learning the use of technology has been in the forefront of
Philippine education for decades. It is integrated as theory and practice in the analysis, design,
development, implementation and evaluation of processes and resources for learning, teaching
and training.

The most commonly used form of which is blended learning defined as learning systems
combining face-to-face instruction with computer mediated instruction (Graham, 2006) with the
end result of improved student learning (Heinze, 2008) through the use of learning management
system (LMS) across contents in all academic levels.(Ferdinand Blancaflor Pitagan)

According to Acosta, et.al 2017.E-learning has brought a paradigm shift from the way learners
view e-learning because some who have privately and individually sought to obtain degrees
awarded through correspondence education by overseas institutions in the past, can now use the
opportunities provided through e-learning education in Philippines.

In the early days it received a bad press, as many people thought bringing computers into
the classroom would remove that human element that some learners need, but as time has
progressed technology has developed, and now we embrace smartphones and tablets in the
classroom and office, as well as using a wealth of interactive designs that makes distance
learning not only engaging for the users, but valuable as a lesson delivery medium.(Mellissa
Acosta)
FOREIGN STUDY
According to Ghalib, et.al 2016.E-learning the objective of education is not only to make a
student knowledgeable but also add rational thinking self-sufficiency, knowledge ability, and to
ethically develop a student. Moreover, it is the responsibility of university education to produce
graduates who use their competence for the welfare of the society

This study is part of a bigger project to explore these ethical issues in e-Learning by highlighting
the need of a model which supports in moral and ethical development of students. In the
remaining part of the paper, statement of problem, objective of study, and literature review
would be discussed first.(Mohd. Feham MD. Ghalib)

According to Rahman, et.al 2016 E-learning is one of the widespread technologies, which
recompense the scarcity of well-informed teachers in universities and several institutes, so cloud
computing makes its fortune by giving cloud strength to the functionality of E-learning solutions
With E- learning technology by its widespread cloud source. Due to infinite vulnerabilities
related to web sources, people are very conscious about the security features of the technology
and cloud based E-Learning technology is no way an exception from such security
vulnerabilities.

Based on the aforementioned studies, many who have experienced e-learning claimed
positive reviews of the process proving in fact that e-learning presents a great advantage than
traditional educational methods. As such, the proponents took this to consideration upon coming
up of the proposed system. Despite its negative reception upon first introduction, e-learning have
come a long way in disproving several criticisms against it.

LOCAL LITERATURE

According to Doculan, et.al 2016. E-Learning the evolution of technology addresses the gaps in
teaching and learning. E-learning (EL) is the use of technology to enhance teaching and learning
activities. The main purpose of E-Learning is to increase accessibility of education and reducing
costs. It also increases productivity

With E-learning, the benefits of eLearning can only be experienced if the organization is deemed
prepared. Learning institutions should first assess their readiness to integrate e-learning. This is if
they want to implement and benefit from it ( Jo Ann D. Doculan)

FOREIGN LITERATURE

According to Parahakaran PhD, et.al 2016. E-Learning this section introduces the existing roles
and functions of teach communities, changes required in policies where e-learning programs are
concerned and discusses the challenges faced by corporates venturing into social responsibility
projects.

With E-learning, the discussion includes challenges that university faculties face in successfully
implementing learning communities and concludes that the growth of these communities may
not be successful unless policy changes and reforms are instituted

According to,den Harder et.al 2016. E-learning refers to the use of electronic media and network
technologies for educational purposes and includes for example the use of audio, digital images,
and web-based learning. Due to the digital revolution, e-learning evolved rapidly in the past
decades.

With E-learning, General has several advantages over traditional, non-digital learning. First, e-
learning gives learners the opportunity to learn at any time and at any location. For example, e-
lectures can be followed at home using the internet. Second, other types of study material, like
animation and video clips, and interactive programs can be used. Third, the possibility to reach a
high number of students might lead to cost reduction (Annemarie M. den Harder)
According to, Abid et.al 2016. E-learning mechanism is a newer and an improved version of
distance learning. It is a method of delivering education information through the internet. In fact,
it helps students to learn in any time and any location, so they could set their own place and
choose the most convenient time to study.

With E-learning, its main aim is to enhance the learning ability of the students by making a
student centered learning mechanism. In recent years, it has become widely accepted that
students learn more effectively when they collaborate with each other's (Abir Abid)

According to Baralis et.al 2016 E-Learning platforms allow users with different skills to explore
large collections of electronic documents and annotate them with notes and highlights.
Generating summaries of these document collections is potentially useful for gaining insights
into teaching materials. However, most existing summarizers are general purpose.
This paper studies the application of a state-of-the-art summarization system, namely, the
itemset-based summarizer (ItemSum), in an e-learning context. The summarizer produces an
ordered sequence of key phrases extracted from a teaching document. (Elena Baralis)

Synthesis
This section contains the contributions of the related studies, literature and system to the
proposed study.

LOCAL SYSTEM
According to Santiago et. al 2017, evidently, blended learning facilitated students’ understanding
of Genetics concepts. Results were suggestive that employing blended learning allow and
encourage the students to make use of computers in learning, a practice that will reinforce
students’ positive attitude towards computer and promote computer self-efficacy. Science
educators should also be advocates of technology that encourage the use of other modern
gadgets, such as tablets and smartphones, as instruments for learning.

FOREIGN SYSTEM

Synthesis
This section contains the contributions of the related studies, literature and system to the
proposed study.

https://scholar.google.com.ph/scholar?start=330&q=e-
learning+local+literature&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5&as_ylo=2016&as_yhi=2018
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

INPUT PROCESS
OUTPUT
1. Identify the 1. Conduct data
necessary design gathering procedures such as
methods to be applied Observation and Interview.
in developing the 2. Analyze data
system.. gathered and apply coding
2. Define the and programming to create
innovative features that the desired features and
should be added in the functions of the system using
system with the the following software:
following: 2.1 Visual Basic 2012
2.1 Application 2.2 C#
Simulation 2.3 Adobe Flash
2.2 Animated Professional CC Developed
Presentations 2.4 MySQL Modular Lectures
→ →
2.3 Real-Time 3. Used Waterfall and Exercises E-
Error-Correction and model as development Course for MCU.
Grading methodology with the
2.4 Repository support of the following:
Database 3.1 Context Diagram
3. State the 3.2 DFD
development 3.3 Activity Diagram
methodology and tools 3.4 Use Case
that are appropriate to 3.5 Entity Relationship
the system Data
4. Identify the 4. Quality Assurance
quality assurance Activities through different
evaluation tool to test kinds of testing State
the system. Diagram Testing from
 5. Provide criteria different respondents
that is suitable to the 4.1 IT Experts and
system 4.2 End- Users
5.1 Functionality 4.3 Students
5.2 Reliability 5. Quality Assurance
5.3 Efficiency Standards, ISO 9126-1 was
5.4 Usability used to test the level of
5.5 Portability acceptability of the system.
6. Identify some 6. Some related
related Literatures and literatures and studies were
Studies as used to the development of
contributions to the the system. It was used as
development of the foundations of the system.
system.

EVALUATION

Figure No. 1 Conceptual Framework of MLEEC

This chapter presents the research design in pursuing the proposed study and includes how the
development of the project will be done in accordance to the systematic procedure and processes.
This also includes the evaluation procedure, evaluation criteria and instruments and techniques
used.

OPERATIONAL DEFINTION OF TERMS

Technology – it is a branch of knowledge dealing with engineering or applied sciences

Laboratory – it is a place or classrooms where computer are properly installed in the area.