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Thornton & Son.

Booksellers,
II The Broad,
Oxford.
 Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2007 with funding from
IVIicrosoft Corporation

http://www.archive.org/details/elementaryarabic02thoruoft
THORNrON'S ARABIC SERIES,
VOLUME II.

ELEMENTARY ARABIC
FIRST READING-BOOK
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE,
C. F. CLAY, Manager.
Hontron: FETTER LANE, E.G.

©laggoto : 50, WELLINGTON STREET.

Hjipjig: F. A. BROCKHAUS.
l^eto Igorfe : G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS.
aSombag anti fflalcutta: MACMILLAN AND CO., Ltd.

[All Rights reserved.]

ELEMENTARY ARABIC
FIRST READING-BOOK

BY

FREDERIC DU PRE THORNTON

AND

REYNOLD A. NICHOLSON, M.A.

Lecturer in Persian in the University of Cambridge,
and some time Fellow of Trinity College

Cambridge :

At the University Press

1907
 Cambriligf
PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A.
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
 PREFACE.

THE extracts from the Coran which form the basis of this
volume were published with a Glossary in 1893 and again,
this time without a Glossary but with a Grammatical Analysis,
in 1901. Some years before his death Mr Thornton, having
decided to enlarge the scope of his work by adding other selected
passages of Arabic prose, asked me to prepare a Glossary for
a certain portion (pp. 13-64) of Wright's Arabic Reading- Book^
of which the first edition was nearly exhausted. The present
volume, therefore, was designed wholly by Mr Thornton, and he
is also responsible for the Grammatical Analysis and Glossary of
the extracts from the Coran, my own share in it being limited to
the remainder of the Glossary, the correction of the proofs, and
such editorial supervision as was necessary. The general aim
of the Series has been sufficiently explained in the Preface to
the first volume, Elementary Arabic : A Grammar (Cambridge
University Press, 1905), a work which will be found indispensable
by any one using this Reading- Book, inasmuch as reference is

made throughout to the Grammar in the Analysis of the Coranic

text. Here, however, I must quote the interesting observations
which Mr Thornton appended, by way of conclusion, to his
Elementary Arabic : First Reading-Book, printed for private
circulation by Messrs Austin of Hertford in 1901.
"The late Bishop Barclay* of Jerusalem (to whose memory

* Wlien rector of Stapleford, Herts, my friend published his well-known

work "The Talmud, by Eev. Joseph Barclay, LL.D., with illustrations and
plan of the Temple." London John Murray. 1878.
:
VI PREFACE.

I would affectionately dedicate this book) took his degrees at

Trinity College, Dublin, and learnt Hebrew with the pronuncia-
tion of Central Europe. During one among many instructive
conversations, he told me in 1880 that Hebraists, who had
incurred the like entanglement, invariably tried to set themselves
free on hearing the Coran recited by Moslems (Mahometans)
and through learning to do likewise endeavour, more easily than
in any other way, to pronounce distinctly and well the difficult
consonants of Hebrew as well as of Arabic. There are also
reasons why some knowledge of Arabic Grammar should precede
the study of Hebrew, which, while easier in the matter of plurals,
has suffered the loss of case-signs and of the final vowels that
mark distinctions in mood.
"With the view to provide a handy volume, by help of which
Dr Barclay's idea can be followed, whether or not the learner
desires to become an Arabist, I compiled in 1888 this book's
prototype making reference to Dr Wright's Arabic Grammar (2nd
edition) which immediately ran out of print. Till its re-appearance

a Reading-book of such nature was useless ; all my efforts were

therefore directed toward obtaining the issue of a third edition*,
a task not lightened by the Professor's much regretted demise.
Pending success, I published in 1893 Elementary Arabic: Text
and Glossary whose "text" is equivalent to one column of The
Times newspaper in smallest type, being identical with that of
this book, for both consist of certain extracts from the Coran viz.
Ch. I, 256, Ch. vii 52 to 62 and 101 to 170 inclusive, also
Ch. II

Ch. LXiv. The work of republishing Wright's Grammar, which

had been arrested by Professor W. R. Smith's untimely death, was
happily recommenced in 1895 by Professor de Goeje and from ;

* A Grammar of the Arabic Language translated from the German of

Caspari and edited with numerous additions and corrections by W. Wright,

LL.D., late Professor of Arabic in the University of Cambridge. Third
edition revised by W. Robertson Smith, late Professor of Arabic in the
University of Cambridge, and M. J. de Goeje, Professor of Arabic in the
University of Leyden. Cambridge at the University Press, 1898.
:
 PREFACE. Vll

that date Cambridge University supplied me with advance sheets

which I have abridged to the narrow limits of Elementary Arabic :
a Grammar, retaining everything required by this book's
" analysis " and omitting nearly all else. Inasmuch as the little
Grammar's section numbers tally with those of Dr Wright's, (its

Table of Contents and) the Grammatical Analysis herewith may

help scholars to learn directly his masterly book ; but I think
beginners will be wise to learn my Grammar first, for its

examples almost without exception are drawn from the Arabic

text herewith. We must note that Wright's 2nd volume begins
at § which corresponds with § 401 in the Analysis and in my
1

Grammar.
"The eye most quickly becomes familiar with a new and strange
character by seeking words in a Dictionary, but considerable
knowledge of etymology is required, in case of a Semitic tongue,
before this can be successfully done the Analysis therefore gives
;

at right hand those radical letters under which can be found in

my "glossary" each transliterated word in the left column; and
indeed I believe that this book, with its companion Grammar,
bestows much preliminary information to be learned without need
of a teacher knowing any language other than Arabic, sufficient
that he is Moslem and accustomed to recite the Goran, The
fanatical objection to teaching that Book, which is shown in other
countries, does not (I believe) exist to-day in Egypt, where every
village sheikh knows it by heart, having learned it in order to
avoid conscription. I therefore trust that those, who are likely
to teach Arabic or Hebrew, will avail themselves of every
opportunity which presents itself for learning from a Moslem to
read aloud the Arabic text of this book, pronouncing its consonants
as when the Coran is recited at mosque ; for in case of dead
languages a pronunciation common to master and pupil is con-
venient, but essential in case of a spoken tongue and there can
;

be no other common pronunciation than that of Moslems at mosque.

Obviously learning from Arabic-speaking people is best, because
to them Semitic consonants are easy whereas ; to Turks (by which
Vlll PREFACE.

I mean Turkish-speaking Moslems) and to natives of India etc.

pronunciation is not less difficult than to Europeans.
" Until recent times itwas rare for Arabic Grammar to be
learnt except by those who, like the late Professors Pusey,
Wright and Robertson Smith, were already versed in Latin,
Greek, Hebrew and Aramaic for which reason books suitable
;

to the unlearned were few and unsatisfactory. In order to

simplify the task of beginners I have endeavoured to exclude
from my Grammar everything not required by the Analysis
and with exceptions, which are chiefly to be found in the
Grammar's first twenty pages, every section is mentioned in
column 4 of the Analysis. I believe the Grammar to give as
examples in or before its paradigms all words of the Arabic text,
while all recur later in phrases to illustrate syntax ; but I am
not sanguine that every difficulty is smoothed, and shall be
deeply grateful to kind friends who will help me to perfect the
Analysis and Grammar so that they teach all that ought to be
known about the Arabic text.
"Having learned well my two little books (including of course
pronunciation of the Arabic text, and therefore pronunciation of
the Grammar's examples) students may desire to practise turning
English into Arabic. This can be done by taking in liand the
Authorized (or better still the Revised) Version and reading it

aloud in Arabic to a person acquainted with both languages, he

holding a vowelled copy of the Beirut translation (sold by the
Bible Society) which is easy from being diffuse like Hebrew and
not terse like Arabic of the sort most highly esteemed. A good
teacher will supply the place of an English- Arabic Dictionary, and
will assist in the formation of sentences;but simple passages are
of course preferable, and the Old Testament affords less risk of
controversy with a Moslem, who may be found sensitive even to
any idea of there being borrowed words in the Goran as to which :

and in any other matter self-respecting Englishmen will avoid all

appearance of irreverence. Those likely to remain in the Nile
 PREFACE. IX

valley cannot do better than avail themselves of help from

Messrs Vollers and Burkitt*.
"Unlettered Europeans, by which I mean those who have never
learned any language scientifically, cannot hope to master Arabic
syntax without extreme difficulty : for them it is easier to learn by
conversation at its home the particular colloquial dialect which
they desire to employ ; though by so doing they introduce an
almost insuperable bar to further progress and incapacitate them-
selves from learning to compose accurately in writing or even to
read. The art of writing was not originally invented for use by the
vulgar ; nor did the marking of Semitic vowels come into use to
aid beginners in the art of reading : it is known that vowel marks
are employed in Arabic for purposes of grammar, rather than to
indicate the sounds to be expressed : indeed Arabic-speaking
Christians commonly learn first to read unvo welled type, because
it is natural for them to utter a word as they know it rather than
as it should be written ; while, unlike Moslems, they are not
But for a European
influenced by a religious pursuit of accuracy.
who wishes become acquainted with Arabic as diplomatists
to
and Foreign Office clerks are required to know both French and
German ; who aspires to preside at a Court-martial ; to preach
and lecture ; or to plead at the bar ; it is essential that distinct
pronunciation of every consonant be acquired and sufficient
book work done before conversation is attempted. A similar
knowledge seems desirable as prelude to Hebrew, and ought
certainly to be obtained before beginning Urdu (Hindustani),
Persian, Turkish, Swahili, Hausa etc. As regards the three
languages spoken in Java, although the Javanese are Moslems
almost to a man, only one, viz. the Malayan, is written in Arabic
character ; but with exception of the other two we may say that

* The Modern Egyptian Dialect of Arabic. A Grammar, with Exercises,

Reading-Lessons and Glossaries, from the German of Dr K. Vollers.

With numerous additions by the Author. Translated by F. C. Burkitt,
M.A., Trinity College. Cambridge at the University Press, 1895.
:

a 5
X PREFACE.

all Moslem tongues find expression in the Arabic character, and

certainly all borrow largely from the writings held sacred
throughout Islam. them my two books will serve as
To all of
vestibule for Islamism (a word too rarely used, and analogous
;

to Protestantism) is indissolubly bound up with Arabic and be ;

it constantly borne in mind that Moslem prayer must perforce

be uttered in it, because through no other tongue can the Deity

be approached —the forms of prayer being identical at Peking,
Canton, Delhi, Kabul, Jerusalem, Cairo, Cape Town and Timbuctoo
with those at Mecca itself.

" Europeans who, before learning to read Arabic, become

acquainted with a colloquial dialect, commonly give it the
pieference and to this as a matter of taste there can be no
;

olyection. But on visiting another country in which a different

dialect of Arabic is spoken (say on moving from Egypt to Malta or
Palestine) they are tempted unduly to depreciate the new and
by comparison to appreciate the old. The speech of Badawin
(Bedouins) in jUi^oJUAe llijdz is most highly esteemed by Moslems
and next to it I should rank, as very nearly approximate to
written Arabic, the well considered conversation of an educated
Damascene. Some knowledge of old Arabia may readily be obtained
from Trarislations of Ancient Arabian Poetry, chiefly Proi-isldmic
(Williams & Norgate 1885) by Sir Charles J. Lyall, K.C.S.L;
and for 128 years after the hijraft (Hegira), if not for longer, the
classical period extends: it is however a gross mistake to suppose
that "classical" means obsolete, for modern Arabic of classical
standard is to-day the common language of Islam, and a medium
of communication, mainly by the Coran's influence, among vast
populations stretching from the Zambesi to Kazan on the Volga
due east of Moscow, and from Korea to the Pillars of Hercules.
The Coran is in itself at once Bible, Prayer-book, delectus and first
law book to Moslems of whatever sect, being usually learnt by
boys before they are allowed to acquire any grammatical knowledge
of their own vernacular. Oriental Christians dislike that their
children learn the Coran, fearing perhaps the influence of magic,
 PREFACE. XI

but they can find nothing subversive to their faith in this book,
the Arabic text of which will be issued separately."
With regard to the Coranic portion of this Reading- Book
I need only say that it comprises the opening chapter {al Fdtihah)
the famous Throne-Verse (Ayahu -I Kurst) ; two extracts
'
'

from the seventh chapter, one of which describes the wonders of

Divine providence, and how Noah was saved in the ark when all

the unbelievers perished {vv. 52 — 62), while in the other it is

related how Moses overcame the magicians of Pharaoh, and what

thereafter happened to the Israelites {yv. 101 — 170) ; and finally
the whole 64th chapter entitled Surcihu -I Taghdbun. If none
of these passages represents the Prophetic enthusiasm of
Muhammad at its highest pitch, they will nevertheless give the
reader a very fair notion of the style and contents of the Coran,
and supply as good an introduction as could be desired to the
most ancient and celebrated book in Arabic literature. The
verses are numbered as in Fliigel's edition, and correspond with
his Concordance. The large type used in this part of the
Reading-Book was, I l:)elieve, originally cut for the late Professor
Palmer. In respect of size it seemed to me more convenient
than the only other one available, nor is it unpleasing to the eye,
but I must admit that it has some peculiarities, e.g. the ligatures

of certain letters, and cannot be recommended as a safe model

to students who are just beginning to write Arabic. The
Grammatical Analysis —a novel feature in books of this kind
will, I confidently anticipate, be found extremely helpful. As
already said, the figures in the fourth column refer to the sections
of Mr Thornton's Grammar. The Arabic letters in the fifth
column show the roots under which the forms transliterated in
the first column occur in the Glossary.
Since Wright's Arabic Reading- Book, which appeared as long
ago as 1870, is now difiicult to procure, and since, moreover,
nearly the whole of its text will be reprinted in Thornton's
Series, I make no apology for copying here the information
given by Wright in his Preface concerning the pieces which
XU PREFACE.

—
occupy pp. 13 64 of the original work and pp. r* I —A *i
of the
present volume*.
"I. Stories of Arab warriors of the Fre-Muliammadan times.
The first of these, showing how the Jewish hero Samuel ibn
'adiya sacrificed his son's life rather than break his word, is taken
from Lockett's Mi^et ^dmil^ p. 52. The second, narrating the
last raid and death of the poet-warrior Ta'abbata Sharrafi, and
the third, which tells how 'amr Dhu -1 Kalb defended himself and
died in the cave, are to be found in the unpublished portion of
the Dtwdriu -I Uudjmltyin, or Poems of the tribe of Hudliail
(foil. The former
154 a and 157 a of the Leyden manuscriptt).
I have slightly abridged two short poems,
by the omission of
whicli only interrupt the narrative, without adding to it any
details of the least interest. The account of the battle of *

Qushawah' in which Bistam ibn Qais bore a distinguished part,

is taken from the unpublished Ncvqd^id or Satires of Jarir and '
'

al Farazdaq (MS. Bodl., near the beginning), the commentary

on which, like that in the Dtwdnu -I HudhaUyiUj is the composi-

tion of the grammarian 'abil Sa'id al Hasan ibn al Husain al
Sukkari, who died a.h. 275, a.d. 888 |.
"II. I'he historical extracts^ relating to thepi'ophet Muhwniinad^

are all taken from the J>-yJt '^jt^ or 'Life of the Prophet'

compiled by Muhammad ibn 'ishaq al Muttalibi, who died

A.H. 150 or 151 (a.d. 767 —
8), and edited by 'abdu -1 Malik ibn

Hisham al Ma'afiri, who died a.h. 213 or, according to

some, 218 (a.d. 828 or 833). The work has been published by
Professor Wiistenfeld, in whose edition these passages may be
found at pp. }^p. A |1 and , • • V
, |

* In the following paragraphs I have modified Wright's transliteration

of Arabic words for the sake of uniformit}'.
t This portion of the Hudhalite Poems was published in 1887 by
Wellhausen.
Ij: An edition of the Naqd'id by Professor A. A. Bevan is now in course
of pubHcation at Leyden.
 PREFACE. Xlll

" III. Of the Various Historical Extracts the first is taken

from the Kdmil of al Mubarrad (jujj (JJ Juo^t j^UaOl ^\

Sl^JOta J b^0>o 2t ^OtO ii oio>o
3;n*^L» i^jjaJI ^^j-ctJt ^>j'^i), a celebrated grammarian of

the school of al Bacrah, born a.h. 207 or 210, a.d. 822 —3 or

825 — 6, p. cpA of my edition, p. 602 of the Leyden manuscript.
The third and fourth extracts, regarding Roderic, the last of the
Gothic Kings of Spain, and 'abd al Rahman, the first of the
Omaiyad line of Caliphs in that country, may be found in the
w-^j-JI ^jJ*s)\ ,j.^c yj.^ w jJfli) I ^io, a sketch of the history

of Spain, prefixed by 'alimad Maqqari (who died a.h. 1041,

al

A.D. 1631) to his Life of the vizier of Granada Lisanu -1 Din

ibnu -1 Khatib. See the Leyden edition, t. I, p. CC, t. II, |

."
p. I V, and t. I, p. r I I

Besides incorporating the corrections specified by Wright

himself in his Preface, I have improved the text by adopting a
number of emendations which Professor de Goeje was kind
enough to send to me, as well as a few derived from Professor
Bevan's edition of the Naqcfid and from the Hudhalite Poems
published by Wellhausen. One or two words have been omitted
as unsuitable to a book which Mr Thornton designed virginihus
puerisque, and some slight modifications in spelling have been
introduced. The following list of corrections does not include
those already proposed by Wright.

^ M tO 3 0^ 0)0 /. ^y^
P. To, 1. 12. After ^^a*uJI the words^ji) t ^^^U;^ aj
^OuJxJ ^ ^ iy
w-ig.<*i) t l^*i-d jc3 l^a*,A-<9ls should be supplied from Well-
hausen's text of the Hudhalite Poems.
J ytf " iOio j^O J 0>e
P. Ta, 1. 15. jcAoJI for juJLoJt (according to Bevan's ed. of the

NaqdHid, Vol. I, Part T, p., 20).

JhJx J6/0 3 ^0 » 0,0
p. Ta, 1. 17. juJUJt for jcJLoJt.

P. 1^# , 1. 2. JIS omitted after ^,^. See Bevan's note ad loc.

XIV PREFACE.

P. f-r, penult. Read ^»^u31 for ^<^UJ! (de G.). Cf. Tabari,
I) in £>) 9. By a regrettable oversight I have retained
the latter reading in the text.

P. pv, 1. 17. a^>i3T for ichdJ^T (de G.). See Wright's Arabic

Grammar, Vol. II, p. 298 C.

p. OA, 1. 15. The words J15^^ have been added after ^JUs
(de G.).

P. V1 , 1. 4. SJiS for Sji3.

P. vv, 1. 12. w^j^t ^A for jJUt ^>« (de G.).

P. vv, 1. 17. Ji\ for ^t (de G.).

P. Ap, 1. 15. SJi3 for 'l^k^ (de G.).

P. Al^, 1. 18. aJL*4-> for aJLoCj (de G.).

In order to facilitate the use of the Glossary I would call

attention to the following explanation which is given, for the

most part, in Mr Thornton's words :

Wherever in the glossary the first or ground form of a verb

is mentioned as occurring in the text, a line is ruled and the

characteristic vowels are placed above or below, thus

Jk».t _£_ 'akhadha ya'khudhu to seize.

Jk^^rf -^ sabaqa yasbuqu and yasbiqu to precede.

When the first form of the verb does not occur in the text,
the radical letters only are given, thus ^^^JLb — IV to set free, for

the fourth form of talaqa has that meaning ; and when the second
and third radicals are identical, the perfect is not vowelled, thus
Mi

^^jSo _j»_ zanna yazunnu to think.

Where needful a preposition appears, thus

Ks-^ _z- da'a yad'u to call, but
w* U3 -^ da'a bi, yad'ii bi to summon, and

J l^> _J_ da'a li, yad'u li to pray for, to bless.

 PREFACE. XV

It will be observed that the vowels of each verb's first and

final radical are unmarked, they being invariably fathah also :

fathah is omitted before and S as no other vowel is permissible.

\

In case a noun is diptote its final consonant bears dammafe,

thus C>3^J^ Pharaoh; but triptotes are not marked with tan win,

thus jJU. for halyun ornament, j^\ for 'akhirun last ; nor are

sound feminine plurals, thus OLJa^l for 'a'tiyatun stipends.

The following abbreviations are used :

•^ for «-o.«^. jam' plural.

for , j:^ muthanna dual.

fig J . .

j^ for w-o^ mu'annath feminine.

A.H. for Anno Hegirae, thus 75 a.h. denotes the seven ty-
fifth lunar year after the djo^A Hegira (Flight of the
Prophet from Mecca) in 622 a.d., which marks the
commencement of the Muhammadan era.

Fig. for figuratively.

Inf. for infinitive.

— for meaning or equivalent to.

It should also be mentioned that the ma^dar follows its verb

in the accusative case : thus UUjI ^JI 'ata 'ityanail signifies that
'ityan is the ma^-dar of 'ata. The reader will perceive the
distinction made throughout this volume (with the accidental
omission of pp. T 1 and ^f ) between ^^ and j^, the former
being always written when the letter has its ordinary sound,
namely % (pronounced ee) or y, whereas ^ is only written when
it has the sound of d.

After having thoroughly mastered the extracts from the

Coran, the student will in my opinion do wisely to read next the
pieces relating to the history of Spain (pp. *1 a to the end). He
may then turn back to p. r" | and proceed without interruption.
I see no reason why he should not be informed that the pieces
XVI PREFACE.

chosen by Wright, excellent and characteristic as they are,

sometimes present considerable difficulty, which a mere glossary
cannot entirely remove. There will be less risk of discouragement
if this fact is recognised.
The Glossary to the non-Coranic passages was in the first
instance to have been printed separately, and it had reached

the end of ^ before Mr Thornton's lamented death deprived me

of his invaluable help in correcting the proofs. I am indebted
to him for many practical suggestions which would otherwise
have escaped me. The same portion of the Glossary had the
further advantage of being read by Sir Charles Lyall, whose fine
scholarship contributed largely to its improvement. His collabo-
ration I must specially acknowledge, but my thanks are also due
to Professor A. A. Be van and Professor M. J. de Goeje for kind
assistance and advice.
Although the list of Corrigenda is longer than it should be,
nearly all are of a trivial character. Most of those affecting the
Arabic text are confined to two pages where the device for
differentiating ^
and ^
(borrowed by Mr Thornton from the
Beyrout Press) was inadvertently neglected. On the other hand,
I trust that every reader, before using his copy of the book, will
remedy the more serious errors which occur on pp. r*^ and f^f-
The third volume of this Series, to be entitled Eleiyientary
Arabic : Second Reading Book, is now in course of preparation.
Mr Thornton left the choice of its contents to me, only stipulating
that it should not include any texts previously edited in Europe.
With a view to making it as useful and interesting as possible,
I have decided to illustrate the literary history of the Arabs in
chronological order by selected passages from the Kitdbu -I
Baydn of al Jahiz, the Hqdu -I Farid of Ibn 'abdi Rabbihi, the
Mustatraf and similar works.

REYNOLD A. NICHOLSON.
Cambridge,
January, 1907.
 CONTENTS
PAGES
Extracts from the Coran
1. Surahu -1 Fatihah .
r
Surahu -1 Baqaraft, verse 256 .

Surahu -1 'a'raf, verses 52 — 62 0—

Surahu -1 'a'raf, verses 101 — 170 A—
Surahu -1 Taghabun .
n— r»
Stories of

How
Arab Warriors ..... n— 1^»

1. Samuel bin
kept his word .....
'adiya, the Jewish hero,
r\—rr
2.

3.
The last
SharraA
The death
raid

of 'amr
......
and death

Dhu -1
of Ta'abbata

Kalb or " 'amr

rr—rf-

of the dog"
4. The battle of Qushawah .... rv— p*
Historical extracts relating to the Prophet Mu-
hammad . . . . . . . .p# — cf"
The Battle of Badr p^— pA
....
1. . . . . .

2. The Taking of Mecca ^A— C I

3. The Death of the Prophet . . . 0|— Cl^

XVIU CONTENTS.

PAGES
Various Historical Extracts cc — Al
1. The murder of *ali, the Son-in-law of the
Prophet CO — 6^
2. The Entry of al Hajjaj into al Kufah . *1 1a
3. Roderic, the last of the Goths . . 1 a —A T

Rahman
4. The escape of 'abd al
from Syria into Spain .... the Omaiyad
a — Al
T

Glossary AV — 1^ (

Grammatical Analysis ...... —77

1

Table of Alphabets 78—79

 ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA.
P. r 1
, 1. 2. Read 'adiya.

p. r (
, 1. 3 of the Arabic text. Read jJJI for j«Ut ; also 1. 6

^Sj and ^5^Ut; 1. 7 i^; 1. 8 j^; 1. 11 ^^.jW i

1. 12 ^b; 1. 13 ^Y
P. I^r*} 1- 1. i?eacZ ^li /or j^Ji, also ^J^^j iV^J-
P. rr, 1- 7. /?eac^ SharraA /or Sharran.

P. rr, 1. 10. i?eao?

^ /or
j^ ; also 1. 11 ^ -,
1. 13
^^;
1. 14 ^^ and ^^ j*^ ; 1. 14 ^; last line ^^jju.

P. Tc 5 1. 12 of the Arabic text. After wocijt h

^ a tti to ^ ^ i JO ,0io 4^ «-^

P. rv, 1. 4. i?eao? Qushawah for Qushawa.

P. pr, penult. For j^\i:^\ readj^\iiy\.

P. I I r, col. 1,1. 10. Read 'abu for Abu.

P. I rr? col. 1, 1. 4. i?eacZ 'ashja' /or 'Ashja*.

P. I ri, col. 1, 1. 5 from foot. Read 'abu for 'Abu.

P. \r\, col. 2, 1. 8. Read 'abu /or 'Abu.

P. I pp, col. 1, 1. 4 from foot. Read Haiyan for Hayyan.

 ABBREVIATIONS.

acc. accusative case nomin. nominative case

act. active voice obi. oblique case
adj. adjective ord. ordinal number
adv. adverb, adverbial pass. passive voice
ag. agentis pat. patientis
agr. agrees with, agreeing with perf. perfect state (tense)
appos. appositive pers. personal
br. pi. broken plural pi. plural number
card. cardinal number pref. prefix
coll. collective noun prep. preposition
coram. common gender prim. primitive
comp. comparative degree pron. pronoun, pronominal
conj. conjunction, conjunctive quad. quadriliteral
con. St. construct state quin. quinqueliteral
def. defined r. remark
demon. demonstrative rel. relative
dep. dependent case s.pl. sound plural
dipt. diptote sig. signification, signifying
energ. energetic mood sing. singular number
fem. feminine gender subj. subjunctive mood
f. n. foot note subst. substantive
impera. imperative mood suff. suffix
imperf. imperfect state (tense) superl. superlative degree
incho. inchoative T. Table in § 369
indie. indicative mood t. <&p. time and place
instr. instrument trans. transitive
interj. interjection tril. triliteral
interro. interrogative tript. triptote
intrans. intransitive undef. undefined
juss. jussive mood uni. unity (individuality)
Ut. literally ver. verb, verbi, verbal
masc. masculine gender 1st first person
n. noun, nomen 2nd second person
N. Note 3rd third person
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I, II, III, etc. mark forms of the verb

1, 2, 3, etc. mark the broken plurals in § 304
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Ill GLOSSARY.

Right hand, s^yt^ — O^ Be easy, play at J-»*i

right side, oath. maisir (hazard) : IV be at

Belonging to Yaman. ^5*-»t}

ease, be rich : V become easy
(in mind) : VIII divide by
Right, on the ^^-^ >© O^' lot a slain beast : X be easy.
right hand.
Left hand, left side ;
jU«j
Right wing (of an army).
proper name masculine.
January. j^ Easy, few.
little, j-^^
Become ripe : IV 7^
Left, on the \SJ^ -^ -^^'
same meaning.
left hand.
J^Vf' of ^. Left wing (of an army), cij.^^
Joseph.
Chrysolite. w*^5l;
Day, battle
day.
IV waken, isuLj

Watchful, vigilant.
To-day. ^^ t

The day of the jjSi'\ J>'^

IV make sure, feel ^jju

the day on which sure.

palace, i.e.

the Caliph 'Othman was Julian. O^^

murdered in his palace (18th
II direct one's course ^^^
of Dhu -1 Hijja, 35 a.h.).
towards.
On that day, then. J^>i Sea.
 GLOSSARY. MA
ace, put (anyone) in charge
An authorised agent. \y*r^^
of, appoint to the command
Nor. ^j
of : V take charge of, look
after, turn aside : VI follow Bear (children). jJ^

successively : X 'ala, make Son, child. ^*^^\ ->. jJj

one's self master of.
Proper name masculine, juiy t

Governorship, province, aj'^j ^0/<» 0^ JO J ^OiO

Ml ^ Name dUUJt jup yj^, J^^'
Friend, protector. ^Jj
of the sixth Omaiyad Caliph.
Governor. Jlj
Slave-girl.
More or most worthy, ^-)j|
Father.
having a better, or the best,
Mother.
right.
Time of birth.
Client, enfran- Jt>« ->>
^^^
chised slave. Hereditary property.

Proper name mas- w-Aj Be near or beside :

^^.^
culine. II turn one's back, retire,

VIII suspect. yji^^ take to flight ; with double

The old name of w^ Me, of 1^—^ {J— 3 (J—^

Medina, me, my.

Hand, power, jut ^ ju 0, oh. Lj

band. IV cause to despair. ^^1;

Before.
J^^ ^^ Be dry. ^^.^ -^
They ...^ Ijc^lj li; \^\^ IV o/* a woman, have ^j
were a single band against, orphan children.
were united in opposition A woman with orphan 3l^^
to... children.
(iv GLOSSARY.

Promise ; with double js-^

Death. Slii^ ace, promise anyone any-

thing : III fix time and
Fix the time of CUSj
place for the execution of
(doing anything).
a promise, appoint a time or
Time. OlSjt ^ C^5^
place with.
Appointed C-wj5t^ ^ ^^'Ajw*
A promising. 5j^^ js-^
time or place.
Time or place of ap- js^^
Fall, occur, be con- **5
pointment, promise.
firmed ; bi, fall upon ; 'ila,

come to : IV bi, inflict (as

Warn VIII : be iU^
a punishment) upon : X ex- admonished.

pect. Warning. 4Jafy«

Battle. 4*5^ Re- duc.^\

Of
-*. pU^ — ^j
Stand still ; 'ala, *JJ^ ceptacle.

stop on arriving at.

come to (a
*ala, jj^
Pause. OiS^ prince).

Guard : IV make ^5j Name of a jitj j3^

to guard : VIII guard one's metre.
self, fear.
Ill coincide with, Jli^
Fear of God, piety. fit in with : IV fit (an arrow
Devout. to the string) : VI come to

an agreement VIII happen.

Corrobo- ^^^y^ — J^j :

ration. Be faithful to one's

^^
Entrust, commit to J>^^ engagement; bi, fulfil (a

one's charge : II make (a promise) : II come up to

person) one's wakil; bi, make V of God, take to Himself
guardian of, put in charge passive^ die (a blessed death)

of: V trust one's self to a VI come together, be mus-

reliable agent. tered in full strength.

 GLOSSARY. m
Qualification ; an adjec- aa*o Behind. f\j3

tive, a qualificative clause.

From behind, behind, gljj ^>o
Join, make close ; kJ-^J
'ila, reach : III associate with,
(Literally, HJ3—JJ3
burden-bearer) ; minister of
be joined in friendship with.
a sovereign, vizier.
Union. \}'^3
Pillow. S^lwj — a-rfj

Waglah. iloj
Among, into Jxwj
A conjunctive clause. ^*a the midst of.

IV bi and ace, l^3 Middle, centre. ^««>3i«

recommend (anyone) to.
Be as wide as, be
Put, place, put
tV
f-^3 wide enough for, comprise,
down, put aside : IV go contain : VIII be wide.
quickly.
Proper name masculine. ?-*^^3
Position. 2-03
X flock together ; ^J^^
Humiliation. i**^ *ala, persevere unanimously

Place where anything 7'^y^ in.

/Ox *>

is put down, place. Doze, (imp/. O-^^) O-^^

A board on which ./r^3

sleep.

is cut up. A sleeping. 0^3

Trample on : III be ,^3 Drowsiness.
in accord with. V gird one's self
^3
II with ace, and 0^3 with (a sword).
'ala, make (one's self) resolved
Name of a moun-
to, form a resolution to : X tain-pass.
choose for an abode, settle
Describe. \Ji^^
in.

Abode. Slave. OU'OJ

Mo GLOSSARY.
He bi, place confidence Jmj
sent ^H^^^ I3jlb a^^
Tariq to his destination. in, trust : V min of person
ul ^ ^ J and fi of thing, assure one's
Place to which one is A£^y,c
self of (anyone's) fidelity in
going.
(anything).
One, single, o^tj — jk».^
Confidence, a person in dJu
singular number.
whom confidence is placed.
'ila, reveal to, J ^ ^
ls*'-^
suggest to, inspire.
Mi ^
Covenant, promise.
Wish. ^^
Proper name mas- J**H^
Let, let be : II take c>3
culine.
leave of, say farewell to

IV *inda, commit to the 'ala, be binding V-^J

charge of, deposit with. on, be imposed (as a fixed
penalty) on.
IV perish. ^^^
Water-course, valley. ^Ij
Find. ^^
IV pain, hurt.
Name of a place. dS} ^i\^ c«
Pain, illness.
^3
Leave. {This verb
not used in the perfect.)
is j^^
Fear.
Jr3 —
Inherit : IV cause ^j^ Be silent. .AT^3
to inherit, leave as a heritage II go (in a certain <^3
to : VI bequeath from one direction), send V turn
to another, possess by right
one's self (in a certain direc-
of inheritance. tion), set out.

Heir. 3j;j -». ^Ij Face, surface, «><^j ^ a»-3

Come down to, come level, direction, manner.

^j^
to. I went in
^^^^ ^'t O.^-^
VI conceal one's
Lfj3
the direction of my face, i.e.

self, take shelter. without caring whither.

 GLOSSARY. MP
Repent. iU Intend
to,
; bi,

be on the point of
intend ^ : V
be preoccupied, anxious ; bi,
Terror, tempest.
give one's mind to.
Head. 4MdUb
Energy, enterprise. 2l^
II with ace. and 'ala, ^jyb
make light of (anything) to
They two, both loAj l^
(anyone), represent to anyone of them.

that a thing is inconsider- Belonging to

^y !J^
able. Hamadhan (the ancient Ec-

Light, easy. batana).

L>**
IV fall, sink, throw j^yb Compression; dj^—j.^
one's self down. Hamzah.

She, it. Neighing.

II prepare, make U Here.

ready : V prepare one's self. There. iUuij iiui

Equipment, appear- SLaj A^i
Be pleasant make
; Ua
ance, demeanour, condition.
ready : VIII administer well.
Fear. {for ^,-^) w^U — He, it.

Be un- {imp/. J^j^j)

Jjj And, even, also be/o7'e a
;
j
wholesome. nominal sentence, whereas,
Mischief. Jbj while, since, when ; with the

j3^ —^i^
genitive in oaths, by.
String of the
bow. Alas.
'j
'ila, spring up and s^j^
Name of a tribe. j^tjj
run towards ; 'ala, spring
upon. And if, although.
 Mr GLOSSARY
see see tjjb. ^JjU
Jjj
Flee. Awake.

Flight. Proper name mas-

culine.
Aaron.
Go down into, enter. 4uA
Be emaciated. J>*
The Flight ljL^\—js^
Put to flight >>* (of Muhammad from Mecca
VII be put to flight, flee.
to Medina, 622 a.d.), the
Flight. a,^ Hegira.

Proper name mas- ^luJb One who quits the desert ^aJ^
culine. in order to live in a town.

Name of the ^ti^A jJjI Those who accom- Oj/^k^^

Prophet's biographer (died panied Muhammad in his
218 A.H.). flight to Medina.

Particle of interrogation ; J.* Proper name mas- T-a^^^

whether. culine.
t ^ ^, b.
Hast thou Destroy, demolish, ^ juk
a desire to...?
Direct : IV li, give \^jJb
Why... not? •5U as a present to : VIII find
good guidance, take the right
Name of a governor wJ^ I

way.
of Khorasan (died 83 a.h.).

Guidance.
Perish, die : IV JUa
destroy, kill. One led aright.

Inf. of

Come
JLU.

here !, come j^^

^ This.

Name of a tribe.
!
Jo J^
They,
0^3 O^ j^ ^3 ^ Belonging to the tribe /jJjb
them. of Hudhail.
 GLOSSARY. nr
Hell-fire. juT Intrepid.

Light. j^ Flow. ^
Candle- jj\i^^ j3^ ??- SjUo River, runnel, jV ^J^
stick, minaret. rill.

Ill attack. cH>J Name of a district Objv*^

south-east of Baghdad.
Kind, variety. -pl^Jl ??» p^
Day. jlyj
She-camel. 45U
Name of a tribe.
VI grasp, seize. J3J
Stand up, rise.
Sleep. (/or ^3^ ) ^
II desist, refrain.
Sleep. >»^J jby Be intelligent,
II write the letter ^^. ^^ prudent.
The twenty-sixth letter ^J|y Forbid : VI *an,
of the Arabic alphabet, n.
abstain from VIII come
: to
Adding of the letter ^. O^^ an end ; 'ila, arrive at.
"* * *
II bi, exalt, elevate, d^j Proper name mas- d^ ^\
^^^ — ^^
Kernel. culine.

Me. ^- End, limit. *lyIJl

Canine tooth. w*W^' ;^ ^^ Noah.

Shine.
Reach, {for JJ) JU
overtake, obtain, get at. Fire. .U

The twenty-seventh letter pIa Him, it. .-3.-

of the Arabic alphabet, h.
Her, it. U-
see ^\. OU Lo! u
Ml GLOSSARY.

Resent, punish :
j^ Ex- ^Uj ^ Ji CA****J

VIII avenge one's self ; min, quisite.

take vengeance on.

Clean, pure. ^Jo — ^^ Advantage.

V put or carry (a wXi Be expended : IV t^«j

bow) on one's shoulder. expend.

Name of a place. ^.yjCioJ '

Proper name mas- J^y
'Break (a promise). wX> culine.

IV with double ace, ^Jio VIII min, jJu^ ytJ

marry (anyone) to.
deny, disavow.

Scanty. jSj — jSj Negative. *fi*^ v* ^^

Be strange : IV re- jXJ —— X deliver (from jJu

gard as strange, deny, dis- danger).

avow ; with ace. of thing and Name of a tribe.

*ala of person, be displeased
Be deficient, fall ^jojo
with (anyone) for.
short.
Indefinite, undefined. SjXi
Diminution. .

Disapproved. j^^ ^jo^\J

Incomplete.
*an, withdraw from, ^joSJ
Break (a com- ^joij
leave.
pact).
Name of a place. jU-> Ox
Ox Dust. jiJ — JAJ
Collective, ants. J-o^ —J-^J Frequent, vast j5U
'ila, be conveyed to, ^^ — (mortality).
be reported to. X J

'an, hand down Jaj

Roaring. w^jsv* — ^^^ from, relate on the authority

'ila, penetrate to, j^ - of: VIII move from one

continue one's march to. place to another, depart.

GB. II.
 GLOSSARY. n
of doing so : IV ^ala, shed
Inf. of jj^ ; victory. j-^u
blessing on, bless, benefit ; li,

Christianity. 4-otj«ciJl
say " yes " to (anyone).
- J
Yes. Proper name masculine, j-j-oj

Collective^ herds (of The Helpers (of jUu'^t

camels or sheep). Muhammad at Medina).
w at-
Verb of praise, be good, Belonging to the ^jlcul
be excellent. Helpers.
Benefit, benefi- Name of the second j^^aJ^ I

cence, prosperity. 'abbasid Caliph.

Enjoyment.
Half.
J ^ ul fO

Proper name mascu- ^^y^ t

Fall out : X detach J-cu
line.
one's self, fall out.
Name of a tribe. ajUj
Aa»..>a> lj

With ace. and bi.

A she-camel that conveys water.
throw (anything) at (anyone).
{a,\

With ace. and bi,

VIII be swollen, ^su
shoot at (anyone) with (ar-
r~
inflated.
J J y rows), discharge a volley (of
He was afraid. iCJ\
0\
c^ arrows) at.

Flee, run away

Speak, utter. 4>ku
X induce to flee.
Look, see 'ila, IjJaJ j-tu
A number of people jsu
;

look at; fi, look into, con-

(from three to ten), a few.
Jy Oy sider : VIII await, expect.
Name of a tribe.
Supervision. jikj

Soul, self.
Describe.

Preciousness, exquisite- a*»>U3 Live agreeably j^

ness. III find for another the means
u^ GLOSSARY.

down to combat with, enter Inf. of pUJ

the lists with : IV send down.
< -»»
Make haste i\^\
f ,
M' of JP- O3P Place of refuge.
Halting-place, JjlU •*. Jj-^-o
Cut the throat of,

dwelling, abode. slaughter.

Women. S^mJj »u»j Throat.

'ila, attribute to, w--»J We.

refer to : VIII tell one's Towards, in ya^

lineage.
the direction of; vnth num-
bers, about.
Lineage, descent. w"» " '>

Region, quarter. Aa^U

Abrogate, tran- ^«*»J

scribe. Name of A.l^.;3 1

a place in 'iraq.
Transcript, manu-
script, text. *ala, repent of. jd^

Naskhi, the name III cry out, cry out 3 jJ

to ; with ace. and bi, pro-
siven to the Arabic character
claim to anyone that...: VI
as ordinarily written.
cry out to one another.
Forget. t^ Crier, herald. ^l^
Remember : III with j^
Be on one's guard : j JJ
double ace. or ace. and fi,

IV warn; bi, warn (anyone)

beseech (God) for (anything)
IV with double ace, recite of (a thing).

(poetry) to (anyone). Draw off, take off, cjJ

Spread, spread ^^ pull out : VIII take away.

abroad. Descend, alight, JjJ
counsel. nm^^OJ
li, encamp, disembark with ace., ;

aliffht at, dwell in : III come

Assist.
 GLOSSARY. I 6A
'ila, turn aside to, JU
^ JU
Flocks, Jt^if
pass over to; ma 'a, side with property, wealth.
X gain over to one's side. Be full of water.
A pointed instrument ,J.^ Water.
for treating the eye with
Provisions, ^jt^—ji:^
antimony.
supplies.
Proper name feminine, f^l^'] Specification. j.^;^j —j^

Shake, wave. ^2XJ Us.

X min, ad vance in
^^ see j^t.
front of, go ahead of. Be far, remote ; 'an, ^^\j
Scatter, empty. jSj be distant from.
Take out. •
jij II inform V call
:
Uj
one's self a prophet.
Proper name ^t^ ^
masculine. * Story.
J Of- Ml •«

Hill t J^a^ Prophet.

Energy, vigour. Spring forth (of a

J

ir'roper name mas- jla*-J I

plant) : II plant, sow.
culine.
Collective, OIjI.J p
Ill with double ace,
j-f,' plants.
prepare for (hostilities) a-
Pulpit.
gainst, offer battle to: lY J y Hi tO
fulfil : VI engage in battle. Name of a pre
J J ox
islamic poet.

Star.
^ — A^J
Collective, jli
Escape, hasten {^ arrows.
II and IV save, deliver. VIII awake. a-J
 GLOSSARY.

Manna; grace, Name of a place. ajuu

,J>«
favour.
Fill ; with double ace. *iL«
Since. J^^ S^ or ace. and min, fill with.

With double ace, %^ Collective, chieftains, t^L*

withhold (anything) from
chiefs.
(anyone) : YIII defend one's

self.
Smooth.
Defence.
Malaga. AiJU
V desire.
Possess, control.
Death, fate.
Ml Ol see ^*^.
Object of desire.
King.
II set on a firm j*-^

basis. Kingdom.
Dow ry. j^ —j^* Proper name
I Y go softly ; let J.y**
masculine.
wait, let be; preceded by a J

Proper name mas-

negative and followed by ace.
culine,
and ^\ or not delay
^^^, A pointed instru- J>.oXo
to... anyone, soon (do any-
ment for treating the eye
thing to) anyone. with antimony.
Gentleness. ^y^ Who ?

Whatever. U-v-o » X
Who?
Die : (/or O^) OU —^
He, she, or they who, ,j-«
IV cause to die.
^
one who, those who, whoever,
Death.
if anyone.
Dead. ^^>* ?r "

Of, from, out of, by, on ^>*

J a ^

Name of a place. j^jy^- the part of ; after a compara-

Moses. tive, than.
L5-^>
 GLOSSARY. Id
Causing ^[^ Name of a pre-
intense pain.
islamic poet.
The Mudarites Aj > cwJ I
-

(with the article olj^V) 5lj!it

or Northern Arabs
A woman, a wife.
Chew.
Name of the
O'jJ-*
Go, go on, pass :
fourth Omaiyad Caliph.
IV bring to pass, fulfil.
The party of Mar- vSj^'jJ^''
Name of a
03J^^^ wan as represented by his de-
place near Damascus.
scendant, 'abdu '1 Rahman.
With, along with.
2;^J J-*
VIII be angry.
Name of a tribe.
Name
Mecca.
of a place.
Touch.

Ihe mm »i»J
^-iJj-*

JLo —
j
».> I ^rttxO
Meccan.
anointed, Christ.

Remain, wait. Christian. "'^

. I
,

Contrive; bi, de-

bi, hold, take hold
ceive, cajole.

IV be possible ; ^^jSi^
of : II perfume with musk
ace.and min, give anyone bi, hold tight : IV seize

power over, put a thing with- V bi, lay hold of.

in one's reach. Bracelet. iiCli

Influential, having IV enter on the
C>*^ ie**»^

authority. time of evening, become.

Possible. O-Co-o Go, walk. . 1^
Name of a place. ^^wtXo
Egypt-
A religion. iu — JJU District, pro- i^^
Proper name masculine. jJU vince.
 GLOSSARY.

II make soft.
O^ Night. c/**
0^
Softness. OW A night.

Proverb. jii Not. U

Likeness, the like, the ji<«
What? U
same, like, one like.
What then? What? t3 U
"Rvf pnrl • TT sf-.rpfnh . %.^
What, whatsoever, that U
much or often : III contend which ; if anything ; as long

in pulling : IV make ample, as, as far as.

increase ; help : V stretch Used intensively after an in-

one's self : VI of two persons, dejlnite noun, e.g.,

stretch (a cloth) together What a man to L© vJ»ts^5

VIII become extended : X have been slain !

seek aid from, ask for rein- to with the perfect or jussive
forcements. is sometimes equivalent to an
infinitive.
Prolongation. j^
As, just as. U.^
Succour, rein- >tjL«l -j- 3Ju«

forcement, auxiliary force.

A OU.0 c^ ^^t^^ d^^ SuLo

hundred.
Tall ; name of a metre. Ju jl«
Two hundred. jjU5U
^^tj^ •*. A^JL« — ^JJ^
Com- —
City.
Zc\
ce iLo
modity, article of merchan-
bi or <ala, pass by : X j^
dise.
continue.
Time, pomt of time. Sj^ When, whenever.

More
V absolutely or with JJlo
or most nrm. j^\
bi, quote, employ as a simili-
A man. 1^1 — 1^ tude or illustration.
 GLOSSARY. oP
one another, confer, meet in
combat.
Curse. O^
TV disappoint, 3^
Inf. of i^l and III *UJ
frustrate.
meeting, combat.
Word, language. aij
Opposite. gUJiJ O-^J i^^Xj
bi, join (anyone) ^
But. 0^j3 0^33 0^3 O^ with, cause (anyone) to be-
come engaged with.
Not. Jj
Involved, intricate. \JcXxi
Why? ^^
YIII 'ila, turn
When ; with the jussive not l^
towards, pay heed to.
yet.
Eject, emit, exude. iiAJ
VIII seek for, ^_;*^
try to find. Word, expression. ^
Not. ^ Literal, verbal.
wJ Ox

V
^—
If.
IV find.
Even though. ^j
Picked up ^suiJ- )^
If... not. "^IJJ
(from the ground), scattered.
Table, ^tyt j-y — ^y
tablet.
J.
Catch up and ^J^^—
Blame, reproach. ^•n) swallow : II cast (a thing)
to be seized and swallowed :

Blame. 2lc%a
V catch up and swallow (for
Colour. ^^ one's own advantage).
Would that s£.J
Proper name mas- j^J^
Belonging to the ^-^ culine.

tribe of Laith.

Is not. ^_^
Meet, confront

III meet : IV
^
throw, cast
Name of a place JxJJ 1 down : V come forth against,
below Mecca. meet : VI and VIII meet
 GLOSSARY.

Overtake, rejoin. L^°^ III baina, reconcile, ^'n)

Verily '^
Flesh. ^ if.

Battle.
^ ^
Name of a tribe. ^^Jj

L5*^ 2 a^—^aJ II seize by the neck w*J

or breast and drag along,
Beard.
collar.
Proper name masculine, ij^ The part of the body aJ
Name of a tribe. US? just below the throat.

Essential ^^n^ \c — ^jAaJ Delay ; with nega- wsJ

part, gist. tive and ^*I»., not be long
Ml ^
before....
Belonging to the i*^^
tribe of Lakhm. Proper name mas- juA.oJ '

culine.
VIII strike the ^ jj
breast (in mourning). Clothing. w
u*"^ ^f*^

With, beside, near. ^^jJj ^jJ The utmost 9-^=^ ' ur'^-jJ
j^ a
From the side of, degree of hunger.
from. Covering for ^UJ—^^
Roderic. ikj*^ the mouth, mouth-wrapper,

Stay by, keep a ^JJ fi, persist in. ^

close watch over. 'ila, seek refuge in. UJ
Confined to the subject, j^j*^ Place of refuge. lajJU
intransitive.
Bit, bridle. ^UJ —^^
Tongue. O ^ — O-^
Proper name masculine. ^.^aJU
V li, flatter, beguile. s.Ak3
IV 'ala of person p-^
Play. w^*J-^
and fi o/* thing, importune
Perhaps. JjU (anyone) to do (anything).
 GLOSSARY. ur
Be. Also used G^£» O^ Name of honour (the rt.j.£n

as an auxiliary verb. name of a son or daughter

preceded by Father of" or
Be- J-I.^^ o^ >*^' 0>^^
"Mother of").
*'

cause the authority had be-

Proper name mas- ^JAl£^
longed to Yusuf.
culine.
Place where one ^^C*
i^) >l£» —1-
is,
With (for
place, position.
JO y ii /O ^ following impf.^ be just on
Because <U^ J>.;.o.«a)l jjbCoJ the point of, be almost...;
of al Sumail's influence over preceded hy a negative, not
him. be near, be far from.,..
J
Deceive, act deceit- >l£9 Province.
^J3^
'

J jOtO
fully.
Name of a town ai^ I

How? sji^ on the Euphrates.

He P3j^ UU^ "^^wj jLj\ Yerily, surely. [^Ats J J

cannot always he translated.]
sent a messenger to demand
the coats of mail. To, belonging to, refer- Jj J
That, in order that. ring to, due to, for the use
^J
of, for, because of, on account
Zi of command. Jj^ J of ; in oaths, by ; in dates,
Not. ^J at, on, e.g.

The twenty-fourth letter ^) When wsft.^ ,j-« Of^ t^*MoJ»*J

of the Arabic alphabet, I.

five nights of Rajab had
lY send. ^^) — passed (literally, at five

nights...).
Angel. aC*^ ^ .sJUUj J'^U
After a tamyiz or Ml J ex-
see o'. 0*^3 O^h "^ presses the accusative, e.g.
 GLOSSARY.

Speaking, speech.
VII turn aside.

Word, utterance.
Cover up, ignore j^^
(God's benefits), be ungrate-
Interlocutor. ful, disbelieve : II efface.

How much ? How many 1 jJSs Unbeliever. ^^^

You, ye. Office of aJU^— Ja^
viceroy.
see U.
bi, that which guaran- ^.,6..^
You two.
tees.
Tucked
With double ace, be ^J^^
up.
sufficient for anyone against,
Be or become J-^ rid anyone of (a disagreeable
complete. thing or person).

Complete. J^l^ II stud. JJl^

Lie in ambush, ^ All, every, the whole. J^

conceal one's self.
Whenever, as often as. U-*^
Ambush, men in am- Everyone. j^^-i^ ^J^
bush. Mi ^
On no account, by *i^
Quiver. dj\^-
no means.
J
Name of a tribe. oj<i^ Both. o^J^
Church. Dog. ^,JL^— wJL^
JO J

VIII surround, oL^ Proper name ^^JL£»

invest. masculine.
i .^^
Side. Daughter of 'ali. ^^ii^ J^t

Call anyone by ur^ Wound : II wound ^o-'^

his name of honour : II same much, speak to, address, talk

meaning. with : V speak.

 GLOSSARY. \0
J D X
That which is disliked, Treated with antimony. ^^.^
hostile action, violence.
Name of a hill near lj^£>

Break, pronounce (a j. Mecca.

consonant) with the vowel i.

^
Name of a hill near sSjJss

Kasrah. Mecca.
^ J
Place of breaking. W« mX.< Hard ground.

Flank. see \y IJ^

r-
Wounded in the flank; p» ^»X« Lie : II declare w^J^
proper name masculine. to be a liar, accuse of impos-
ture ; bi, discredit (a thing).
'an, lay bare,

expose, reveal, remove : III see ^3. J^S^

show one's self hostile to, be
'ala, make a fresh j£»
the declared enemy
be uncovered, be manifest,
of: YII
attack on, charge. ^^
be put to flight; 'an, get Attack. Sj^
J
clear of : VIII uncover one's
Proper name mas- Jj^
self.
culine.
a «
Proper ^^
Seat.
name masculine.
J ^O'O
'ala, be honoured, j^j^
The temple at Mecca.
held in high esteem by.
Stop, refrain : X v^ft^
Liberality.
endeavour to prevent (any-
one from doing something). Noble.

Hindering. t^l^ Dislike : X force ^j^

Equal Astk>\
^ ^i^—\s^ (anyone to do what is dis-

(in birth or rank). liked).

li, equal to, a match for. ^\k£s Inf, of 6j^. ^tjAij^

If^l GLOSSARY.

Belonging to the tribe ,--^5 1

Military centre, Obj^^ ~
of Qais. town held by a garrison.

Name of a O^ — O**'
tribe. Proper name mas^u- jj-^3 -
Slave-girl. line ; name of a tribe.

J
Troop. 3.;..,»^ Thee. J-^ ^-

"Writer, scribe, clerk. wOl^ Like, as. J

^^l£«
School. ?*. w«XxL«
see ^J]. W^j O^J O'^
Anything »,,^bC« •*- w>^lCo IV 'ala, stoop over, ^.^. f^
written, document, letter. throw one's self upon.

yjC!^ — Ud^
Shoulder. Be old. 1^ ^^ ^-
Conceal l3 Lo-Z^ ^o-*^ — Be great II cry
:
^4^
'ala, keep anyone's secret. J/- * J J ill <»

^;<f£»l aJ13!, exalt : V magnify

Hill. ^,.^— wJi&- one's self, be proud : X be
Be numerous, j^^ puffed up with pride.

become much or many : IV Great, grave jIaSS •»• ^

JJ i«i

*ala, press hard, urge on (with

(sin), chief.
reproaches).

Abundance. cj^^ Greater, great- ^j-^ J^ J^^

est 'plural ^l^t, chiefs.
Abundant, possessing jt& ;

abundance. Ram, cA-^ — tA*^

More or most jJS^I chieftain.
(in number) more or most
abundant.
;
Write: III bU& wi^—
write to.
Treat (the eyelid)
Letter, book. ^^l£:> ;j- w^U^^
with antimony (kuhl).
 GLOSSARY. ll^A

Speech, saying, expres- d}[Lc Moon. j^9

sion.
Lunar.
l5>^^
Stand, arise, stop ; j»{9
bi, conduct, direct; li, .with-
The lunar reckoning, ^j-^ t

stand 'ila, rise and go to-

wards
;

: TV make to stand
Collective, lice. ^J«^S
— ^J^5
upright, maintain, perform, A louse. dX^
conduct, remain in a place be content with
bi, : a^S
X hold one's self upright, IV satisfy.
become in a right state,

behave properly, be firmly Collective, U5 — ^5

spears.
established.

Kinsfolk, people. some. ^^5 Overcome. j^5 —— ^-

Resurrection. a^Sj a.cL5 Lead : IV give re- ^15

taliation to : X take retalia-

Price. a^3
tion.

Everlasting.
Leader. ^t^l
^ jul.5

Place. ^liLc
..'**
Bow. ^s ^u->5— ^y
Straight.
Bow-maker, cavass. u-^^>5
Be or become i i?A.S
The Goths. i^ijT
strong II strengthen, inspire
:

with courage. Say, speak, think ; J 15

li, name : II declare (anyone)
Strength, force, might. Sj5
to have said (anything) : III
Strong; 'ala, Ib^^l converse with, argue with
Z ^^'
strong enough for, able to IV same meaning as II: V
take. 'ala, invent lies about, calum-
niate.
More or most strong ; j^>*'
'ala, abler for. Word, speech, saying.
Jv
Il^v GLOSSARY.
to support IV seat, en-
Ordain, decide,
throne.
LS^
perform : VII be finished,

Lowest part, jkl-jj^ come to an end.

bottom.
Destiny.

Shake. Judge. oUaS mm ^13

IV bring back
put a padlock on.
; 'ala, Ja3 Rain.

Cut, cut off, cut aJaS

£
7^^•Vr
Padlock. JU5t ^ jii
down, cross, cease from (do-
Rhyme, verse. A-Jld —^5 ing a thing) : II cut off,

IV treat as light, JJ3 mangle, divide : VII be cut

carry easily. off, be ended, cease.

Paucity, deficiency. aA5 Fragment. %)o3

Little, few. ^t^ A piece, a frag- «Ja5 -j. AxJa.5

meut.
For a little while. "^Xi
More or most cutting *Ja5l

Change {transitive) : wvl5 off

VII be changed, be trans- i , i , oj.

One who, more ^o^jJJ LaJaSt

lated (by death), be rendered,
tlian any of us, severs the
turn away, withdraw, return.
ties of relationship.
Heart, mind, middle, *^5 Picking oUai — ^Jl^I
centre.
(of fruit).

Mental, intellectual.
Coverlet.

7^/. 0/^5 VII;

Proper name >UL3
transition.
feminine.
V hang (a sword) j^XS
Sit, seat one's I juiic ja9
upon one's self.
self, come to the throne
VIII tear, tear out. «i.5 'an, hold back from, refuse

k2
 GLOSSARY. IP1

*ala, divide (any- Reading, Goran. ol/*

thing) among (a number of
Reader of the Gor^n. CS)^^
persons) : IV swear.

Oath.
Be near ; min, come w^
^^^5
near, approach : II bring
Proper name masculine. ^^^[sLi] near : VIII draw near.

Division. ^^o-^li^ '>^ ^^^.^JLc Near ; min, near to, ^r-^J"^

approaching to.
Name of a place. d^lLs

VIII take ^;auA9

More or most near. w>5l

vengeance. Appropinquation.
M
Story, tale. a-a5 Name of a metre. w);Ia2«
J
The intes- w^-aI — w^-«a5
Monkey. 5j>j.d
^ >ji— :>j.5
tines.
Name of the L^J-*
Ohief city, capital. 4»j-a5
Prophet's tribe.
Make for, go j<^a»
Belonging to the tribe i^^j-l
towards, intend.
^ ^ J of Quraish.
Destination. jlcua.*
IV lend. u^j-S
II fail in strength, j„>a9

be unable to go further. Loan. ^j.5

Castle. jmaS Cordova.

Shortened {of a word ^^^oa^ Name of a tribe.

in which \ takes the place
Belonging to the tribe tm'^j-^
of :\).
of Quraim.
V investigate ya3
Horn. Oj>5 Oj-^—O^^
thoroughly, explore. ^
Purthest, most remote, ^^^a II
Contemporaneous. Ct)^
Vll^^ala, swoop ^jouaS
down upon. Village.
IPC GLOSSARY.
Arrow. JC3— »-Jc5 Beforehand. JJi jj.^^ J^5
'ala, have power jj^s biy power of resisting. ^5
over, get.
From, on the part of.
J>^5 ,j-«
Providence.
Southern.
Powerful ; 'ala, able to
Opposite. 2J\J
(accomplish anything).
^Vf' of J^9
Future. , 0, i
A little before, just
Come ; 'ala, come jojkS
before.
to: II bring forward, appoint
Tribe.
as leader : TV 'aLi, advance
against : V go forward, pre- Proper name mascu- S^Ud
cede. line.

Foot. Kill : II massacre :

^9
III fight with ; 'an, fight in
In front of.
defence of: VI fight with
Inf. of j,^i one another : VIII same
Vanguard of an army. A^jJLe meaning.

Fighting, battle. JU5

Throw, throw away. v^J^5
Slain, a slain man. iJ-j*5
IV cause to remain J^
'ala, establish anyone in (a Killing, occasion of Jli^
position) : X stand firm, killing.

establish one's self (at a IV fi, cause to ^«a^^

place). invade : VIII throw one's

Read ; *ala, read U5 self into or upon; invade,

aloud attack.
to : III read with
^
(anyone) : 'IV teach reading Particle preceding the j^5

or reciting : X desire anyone Perfect and denoting priority

to read. in time.

GR. II.
 GLOSSARY. pjC

»
Interrogation. Plough : IV prosper. ^Ss
Pass by, escape from. Oli Ploughman. .'^

The pilgrimage 7^^ '

^W*^^ IV become destitute. ^^Ji
passed by them, i.e. they
failed to perform it.
A copper y^^\^ ^^ ^ ,^^
coin.
Obtain, be done for, jU
be (as good as) dead: IV Ark, ship or ^iUi — jJUi
ships.
cause to obtain.
Prize.
j^ Mouth. (genitive ^J) ^
Be above : IV J Is Name of a tribe.
j^
recover from illness or a
yt
swoon, awake. Belonging to the tribe
^^>v^
Above, over.
^i> of Fihr.
In, into, among, on,
^- Perceive : X inform ^<^ —
with, concerning, notwith-
one's self, interrogate.
standing.
Shade. ^ \J Name of a tribe.
v<rv9

Jul >o
God took him unto aJU I Tent, . 'W^ ?^ '
Ws»
Himself. room.
Turn towards
II kiss :
J^^S
III be opposite to :
Make

"The
abominable.

L>-^AJl— Lf*^'
e
IV advance 'iLa, approach
; :

VI face one another X turn :

Self -instructor," title of a
one's face towards, confront. work by Ibn Hayyan.

Receive, accept. ^s Take, seize;

passive, die : VII draw one's
Before. J^l ,j^3 J^l self together, writhe.
\rr GLOSSARY.

Break, disperse : ,^jafi Party, side. fJjjS

VII become dispersed.
X endeavour to dji

Expose, discover. «.ma5 procure.

Surpass : II cause ^JJa^ Cut (a hide or the ^ji

to prevail, regard as superior, manufacture VIII
like), :

favour : I V 'ala, confer bene-

manufacture for one's own
fits on, treat liberally.
evil purpose, forge lies.

Excellence, bounty. ^J-a9 Strange, remarkable. ^j>^

A redundancy, super- rtXci^
Be frightened :

fluity. d>
IV frighten.
More or most excellent. ^^\
Fright.
Pre-eminence. J-woa5
e>
VII be diffused. ^ » >^

Understand, per- float far and wide (of sound).

ceive.
Be spoilt, become
Do, act. j-» corrupt : IV commit dis-

Action, verb. JUil ?*. Jxs orders, make evil, corrupt,

waste.
A way of acting.
vt Corruption, disorder. ^l—
Yerbal.
Discover : II explain, j^
Agent, subject (of a
Ml X J

verbal sentence). Explicative, commen-

tator.
Object (of a verbal
sentence). Be impious. {^**^

Lose. Separate : II divide y}^

into several pieces.
Thought, reflec- j.O jS^
tion. Separation. J-oi

Separated, distinct. ^J-oi-o

Defeat. sJ^—J^
 GLOSSARY.
3 3 0^
Flee. Victory, con-
quest.
Scrutinise, inspect.
Fathah.
Flight. J^?
Key.
Flight. >U)
II examine.
The river Euphrates. Ol;A3t
Dissolution, fj29
— fj29
IV li, make way ^ji breaking up.
for : V be diverted, become
Courage. >sXX9 — .UXs
inattentive.
Courageous, daring. >£Xj\9
Rejoice. p-ji
VIII yield to temp- ^^^
tation, be distracted (from
Horse (masculine or feminine). doing what is right).

Horse- i^jtyj o^^^ /^ uHJ^ Trial, temptation, ^':3 •*.

man, knight, cavalier.

discord, civil war, rebellion.

Persian. \s
<i>^

Na val dUi^ — u^j^ Young man, warrior, jjUXJj

station, seaport.
champion.
araoh. ii^tji -»•
03*L^^ A legal (^jUi^ 3U5 ^ {^3^
Be empty ; min, cj.s opinion.

finish with, make an end of One who j^la*^ — jjla^

IV empty by pouring out, is foul or abusive in his
pour. speech.

Split, divide : II Jiji Dishonour. d^^\3

cause to break up : IV min, Pride,
recover from : V 'an, leave, boasting.
quit : VIII go asunder.
II let (anyone)
Criterion. O^^J^ ransom.
IPI GLOSSARY.
IV raid, make J^ Cloud. ^U^
plundering incursions.
Cave.
A cloud. ^u^
Raid, party of raiders. Shouting.

VIII take by sur- J^ Pinch, squeeze: >^

prise, attack unexpectedly. II same meaning,
Taking by surprise. aA^c
Inf. ofj:^ 11. jUi>
Go astray. c5>^ Plunge.
'•

^
lit

Error.
Take spoil. j^kt
Be absent, disap- w^U
Collective^ sheep.
pear : V go out of (anyone's)
sight, remove one's self to a Spoil, booty. ^Uc ^
distance.
Spoil. ^Uuo ^
That which is hidden. w^
Be in circumstances
j^ —j^
^Js^
Other than,
of independence, be rich
except.
IV make rich : X make
Followed hy genitive^ j^iLi
one's self independent, dis-
without.
J JOlO
pense with.
Proper name masculine, oj^jl^ I

Sufficiency, power to pU^

c^W^ •»» d^cu^- defend one's self.
Hi f
Thicket. Rich, self-sufficing.
L5^
Proper name masculine. 5 IV aid, help. ^^

(a town), pronounce (a con-

Then, and, so, for; with ^
sonant) with the vowel a
subjunctive, so that. [When
VIII conquer : X open (a
\^ introduces the apodosiSj it
quarrel), begin.
is not translated^
J 0,0
The opener {feminine). Aa^liJ I
Open, conquer, take
c
 GLOSSARY. IP*

Name of a tribe. Edge (of the sword-

blade).
Belonging to the tribe ^jUc
of Ghifar.

Forgiving.
J3*^
A strange one {^feminine).

Become negligent, ^Jac West.

incautious ; 'an, neglect.
A Moor.

»—
Insert. yji-
^ ^
Gargle.
Fetter. J*^t ^ ji
Overcome, con-
Be drowned c?y^
s^Jli

strain 'ala, gain possession IV drown, cause to drown.

—
;
3 ^

of ; with ace. and 'ala, deprive Granada. 2l^[jj£.

(anyone) of (a thing) by force, IV incite, urge on.

^J>^
—
rob anyone of
overcome, contend for supe-
: III try to
Make a raid
^ ^"
tjj^ tj^ — 3

against, invade.
riority.
A raid. o\yi,

He fell asleep. <cUft aIJ^ 3 vi ^

Proper name masculine. '^}^
Victory. aJU
II be near the end ^jJ^ Cover, envelop, i<^
of the night. conceal : IV cause to cover.
IV shut fast, lock. ^^c Take by force, i_.--nr
3
Youth, slave, ji^ —^JU usurp.

Be excessive (in price), '^i

Wrath. . ,^Jas- — w^-ac
be of high value III try to Angry.
:
^^^^ ^ oW-^^
exceed, contend for superi-
II cover. 3„k^
ority.

More or most valuable.

Forgive ; li, for- y^
t*^'
give (a person)
Grief. ^ —j^ and
;

ace, forgive (anyone) for

li, of 'person

Confused affair, per- elic (anything), pardon anyone's

plexity. sin : X ask pardon.
\n GLOSSARY.

Fault. y^c IV toiih double ace.

J^
Disgrace. jU — ^ lend (anything) to (anyone)

Ass.
VIII take by turns : X ask
the loan of.
Jesus. X
An exposed or dan-
Live. jjiU
gerous place.
X
Life. IV become destitute j^
of.
Name of the daughter
of 'Abu Bakr and wife of the
Want. J^
Prophet. Proper name mas- ^^
Flow : III see with ^U culine.

one's own eyes. Proper name j^^yti I

masculine.

spring of water. Ill help : IV help :

^^
A particular or VI help one another : X ask
for help ; bi, ask help of.
specified time.

Name of a town j-^ O*^

'
Assistance. O^
on the Euphrates. Find fault with. w»lft

On the next day. Dust. iL^ -J^

Early morning. Cheat : VI cheat
one another.
This morning.
bi, act perfidiously j jcc
Deceive : II bi, ex- ji
towards, prove false to : III
pose to destruction, endanger
leave behind.
VIII be beguiled.
Hi

Heedlessness, a moment 5^ Treacherous. |tj^

of unpreparedness. Morrow. J^ — jJ^

 GLOSSARY. irA

Mean : VIII bi, ,iS. Work; pro- Jl^Oiftt

^ J^
be occupied with, give one's vince, territory under a

attention to. governor.

•4 ^ ^
Allegorical, spiritual. ^3^^^^ Governor ; ^w JU^t ?*-
^J--*'^

grammar, regent.
Meaning, signification, jc-i*-*

hidden sense. Per- o>o^ ^^~^'*^

manently blind,
bi, care for, interest in. A^j-ia^

li, show one's self O^

Make a covenant ; jlj^
to, appear to.

'ila, enjoin, charge : III make Rein.

a covenant with, swear to.
From, away from, on ^^
Covenant, promise, time, j^ the authority of, concerning.
meeting, familiarity, know-
ledge.
On the right hand. \J-ttfi O^
The last tiine ib ji^T j^T He fought in his ajs- J^jIS

defence.
of meeting thee.
He died a^ i^f^\ O^ .sUi
Recently ac- w> j^ wo >K^
leaving three sons.
quainted with.

Return; 'ala, have 3U Name of a tribe. jjJ-ad \

reference to : III return to, Belonging to the tribe CSj-^

approach again : IV bring of al-'anbar.
back, restore.
At, beside, with, in the jUfr
That which refers back. jc5le
presence of, at the time of,

in the opinion
Piece of wood, O'*-*^ Tr ^^ of.

arrow. From. J<^ j^-o

Proper name ^lato — 3^^

VIII embrace (also j,^
masculine.
used of men fighting).
Proper name masculine, ^^x^
Neck. t^
I rv GLOSSARY.
VIII attire one's ^o-*^ Having more or most
self with a turban.
knowledge.
J X
Uncle on the father's side. ^^ Monument. >o^^**

Turban. ^U^ ^ i«Lo^ Be or become pub-

'7
The whole. Suic- lie : IV make public, pu blish. 9 V

Betake one's self, j^^ Be high : VI exalt %& _L_^^^

go. one's self, be exalted :^HljStv^
Support. 3l^ get on the top of.

Pole of a tent. jc^ Sublimity.

•»•
>^^
J ^
Sublime.
Life. j.^j j.,^ — j.^
By my Name of the Prophet's
life. iSj^
son-in-law.
Name of the second j.^
Higher, highest ; upper
Caliph.
^ < e- J J ^ J
part.
^t
Name
a poet
of

who
ax^j
lived
^j.j

under the
j-^ Over, upon, incumbent
upon, on the ground or con-
^
Omaiyads.
dition of, concerning, for, at,
Name of J-^J-*^ ' J^ CH >o^ by, towards, to, against, in

the eighth Omaiyad Caliph. accordance with, on account

^ 9 X of, by means of.
Proper name mas- j-o^^ 3J-^
culine. In that state. JUi ^J<g>
•' •»
i >0 ^ J ^ ^
Proper name masculine, j^f^ Seize the s^^l ^^.^..^La ^^CJ^
Proper name masculine ; wolfr
owner of (the man with) the
name of a tribe.
sword.
Do, act, make. j^ Thou art AiX^ J^ cJl
construct : X make governor. witness against me as to that.
Inf. of J^ ; in gram- J^
mar, government, rection.
 GLOSSARY. in
Perhaps. ij^ End, offspring, posterity.

Excuse, pretext. 4Aft End, latter part.

Assigning a reason. J*-s^ Chastisement.

End, result.
J 3 0^
Barbarian. Jacob.
V bi, be suspended ^^)^
li, appoint (to a j^
to, adhere to, cling to, betake
command), make an agree-
one's self to (for refuge).
ment wdth : III xDith ace. and
Thorny shrubs, bramble- <>wU 'ala, make an agreement with
bushes. (anyone) for, or on condition

Proper name mas- A-o-ilft of, doing (anything).

culine. Understand pay
; ^J«ip

Chew, champ. ^U the blood-price (for a slain

person to his next of kin).
Know ; bi, have ^^c
knowledge of, be aware of Name of a hill JXiijO I

II teach : IV make known at Badr.

J b
to ; bi, acquaint (anyone) Proper name ^LepCp
with. masculine.

Knowledge. ^ ^
'ala, cling to, be
attached to.
\JSa ——
'-

Sign (set up as a guide J^ b i

for travellers).
Name of a tribe. ^^Ss-

j^ —j^^
b

Mark. i.*iU A burden

Skilful

quainted with.
; bi, well ac- ^ They
which is balanced by another.

fell (to
^ ^Jic U5J
One who knows, XoXe-
2^> the ground) together, neither
scholar. having thrown his adversary.

Oblique case^ worlds, i>«Jtc VIII excuse one's ^JJL^

created beings. self.
I re GLOSSARY.

Disobey.
L5^ A low rust- \S^jS' — s^js-

ling sound.
Bite.

Connec- \JkI\6'
Resolution, jij£- — j^js-

decision.
tion.
X ^ ^
Encamp. jX««x
Receive : III give l^
mutually : IV tuith double Camp, army. jiwp
ace, give (a thing) to (anyone). It may be, perhaps, i^*^
A soldier's oL^t ^ pLL^ Ten. 6jZ^ Ji jjittS-

pay, allowance. Twenty.

Given. j^^^^^**
Kinsfolk.
Be great ; 'ala, be j^^oS'

very grievous to : II vene- Assembly.

rate : IV regard as terrible, Name of an early ^«^c'^ t

be greatly scandalized by. poet.

Largeness, great size. j^^ Bind (the head) w-s-oft

Great, mighty. Jfrt?^ with a kerchief, turban, or

the like.
More or most great. ^o-^'
Band, company. djLoc
Proper name iSjis. —jac w ^ 6 x
Strong, stout. ^-JLoft
feminine.
Proper name mas- j^^^
Belonging to the j^>iU^
culine ; name of a tribe.
tribe of Ma'afir.

Forgive, condone. U^
^\y*oS- WA.« Lac — ^.lOP
Rod, staff.
Act undutifully (to- J^ft
The slave of the l«a*3 1 juc
wards one's parents).
staff, i.e. a person of no
Inf. of ^. ^^A^ account.
II do (anything) a w^^g Striker. ^/o\s.
second time, make a second
raid. Struck.
 GLOSSARY. iri^

Scent, perfume. »^^

Sweet smell. ^^ That continued to be the best
that he and they could do.
Elevated place; *^t;^l ». t^j^
plural, uppermost parts (of
Excuse. djJuL«

the partition between Para- The Arabs.

J ^ , 0,0

>^j9^ I — w^fr
dise and Hell).
Most Arab. ibji
Spiritual insight.
Of pure witj^ -*. ^.yS.
Soothsayer, chief.
Arabian breed, Arabian,
Chieftainship. Arabic.
ot vi at
Knower, discerner. Arab of the v!;^' ?r i^!/^'
* desert. Bedouin.
Definition.
Arabicized.
*. " ' ^
63 i ut J »
Face, feature ; »^jlx-o ?*. \3j9Ui
Strong,
in the plural, friends, ac- hard.
quaintances.
Construct.
Knowledge, OjU^ -». S^jjlc
Throne.
defined; in the plural, iriends,,
acquaintances. Hut.
J ^
Recognised, approved, ^^jjcc Show, exhibit :
U^J^
'iraq (the ancient ^\js6\ II bi, hint at, make an allu-
Babylonia). sion to : V have within one's
Proper name mas- l^jS. reach.
culine. Breadth. u^j^
Be potent. js-
Worthless goods, vanities, u^j^
Potent, mighty. Jlj^ ^ J-Jj^ Know, recognise, «*4^

II usually means %j£.

perceive : II bi, acquaint (any-

discipline, chastise, constrain one) with.

by punishment ; also help. Be chief. ^j^

irr GLOSSARY.
one's own evil ends, trans-
An old woman; rarely^ j>*^^
gress consciously.
an old man.
Singular and e.\jS'\ -»- ^js- Hasten II do
:
c^***^
collective^ enemy. quickly, accelerate : X seek
Side. Sjj^ to do anything quickly.

Name of a tribe. Ob**^ Calf. J^

Proper name masculine ; i£J^ Bite. ^ ai.fr

name of a tribe.
Collective^ date-stones, j^^^
One at enmity with. ^U^ foreigners, barbarians.

Foreign language.
Transitive. <JUjutI« ^ jotZ^ ^*-j-o^«^

^ i ^ ^
Transgressor, ^^jjjuo
3
•».
i
IV make ready : ^js>
X li, make one's self ready
Abstain : II re- for.

strain by punishment, punish. Number. 3J^

Be sweet. ^js. Number.
Punishment. w>lj*^
Equipment, munitions 5j*
Sweetness. ^JJ^ of war.
Excuse : II make j Jlc Be just : II make ^J
a show or pretence. straight or even.
Excuse. j^p Justice. J.
Belonging to the tribe iSjJ^ Lack, be without. ^J*^
^ ^ J
of 'udhra.
Go beyond and l^j^ I jifr

Excuse, all that a per- j-iJ^ leave behind, pass away from,
son can do under the circum- transgress : II make pass,
stances ; defender. give (a verb) a transitive sig-

(Seek) some jjtjU ,j-« ^j-ij^ nification : III be hostile to

one to defend thee from such Y be transitive : YIII go
a one. beyond and leave behind for
 GLOSSARY.

following genitive, outside Inf. of j^^ manifes-

J.
of.
tation.

Expressed. j\^^ Exterior ;

j.AlJaj with

Place of crossing, port. >i*i Proper name mas- ib^U

Name of 'all's ^^LRJT culine.

uncle. Worship.

The 'abbasid ,^lIijT ^Ij Ser- j^\^ ^^^^3 >^ ^ J^^G-

dynasty. vant, slave.

Proper name mascu- dJUT juc

line,
Arrow (with a broad head).
proper name
Proper sjis. — w-JIc
^^.trjJ t j^^ p

masculine.
name masculine.

Proper name masculine.

Name of the .^.iihg^ I jk.ji

IV set free.
Prophet's grandfather.
JU«i

Be disdainful, dis- l;^

Name of the fifth dU^T JL^
obedient. Omaiyad Caliph (65-86 a. h.).
'ala, get knowledge jic Proper name mas- 5juc ^\
of, detect. culine.

Proper name masculine. ^\^

Name of the third ^>^
Caliph. Proper name masculine. siUft

Wonder : IV fill ^a^ .

Proper name masculine.
with admiration. Proper name mas- ali\
VIII *ala, wrap, j-**^ culine.
wind. Name of a cele- <>J't^ ^ I

'an, be unable to j^^ brated scholar (died 210 a.h.).

(accomplish anything). Cross.
\j^ j^ .
'
._
in GLOSSARY.

Name of a tribe.
i>/ Name of a town east ^^UaJI
of Mecca.
The woman belong- iUaJt
Portion, party. dJulio
ing to the tribe of Taiyi'
proper name feminine. Deluge. 0^>^
Be good, be wjU? IV be able to cope i^
pleasant : X think agreeable. I with (an enemy).
Goodness, fertility.
i
bi, power to cope with, iSlb

Good, sound, agreeable. Be long, last long : Jli»

Fly (of a bird) jU* — IV make long, prolong.

II make (a bird) to fly : V bi, He did t j^ jiJ U Jli

draw an omen concerning thus for a long time.
one's self from, attribute to
the bad luck of.
Length. J^
Omen. j5U» Length ; Jt^ with J'>^
following genitive^ during.
Swift of flight. jU^
Clay, mud. ^J^ Long ; name of a metre. J^^

J»

Do wrong, injure, j^^ Vessel, ad- \Jfj^ — sJjSo

treat unjustly : IV become verb of time or place.

dark. Local or temporal. L^^
Darkness. io-^
Conquer, gain the jJlH
Thirst. l^—lo^
victory ; bi, get possession of.
Think, suppose. jjJ?
Pass the day, con- JJp
Appear, come to j^ tinue, become : II spread for
light > 'ala, overcome X : 'ala,
shade.
use precaution against, seek
Shadow. JJi
to safeguard one's self against.

Back, upper side. j^ Canopy.

i2
 GLOSSARY. ir<

Let us go. to ^pjajl

I Y bi, present (any- ^jJo
one) with.
Divorced (of a woman). jyiJs
Proper name mascu- ^i^j-^
Absolute. J^.ku« line.

Toledo. aJLulii Come by night, J>

Be effaced, ruined, yj**^ raid.

Way, path, course. iSij^

f i, desire AcLoJ* ?"^
eagerly, hope for. Way, course. ^a^jJ*

Eager desire, hope. ?"^ Proper name masculine. (JjUa

Be C^^ ^Ui —^.f^
tranquil, be- t

Food.
come at rest, settle down
Thrust, poke. O-*^ '

'ila, have confidence in, be at

ease with regard to. Tyrant. a^a»
IV cut off.
Seek, follow up. wJU^
Tent-rope. Ji demand, ask for ; 'ala, per
Tangier. secute.

li, be submissive to : .IL Learner, stu- ^ )^U9 ^ wJli»

III be in accord with, com- dent.

ply with : lY obey : X be Name of Muham- wJU^ ^1

able. mad's uncle.
Obedience.
Rise (of the sun), aJLb
The volunteers. ascend, climb up, come forth;
'ala, come upon, look upon
Complying with,
III overlook, survey.
reflexive.
One who is wont to jP*^^
bi or haul a, go
ascend, surmounter.
round.
lY set free, give ^JXL
He )j..gTw)l J^a- AJ t^U» permission : YII go one's
took him around the castle. way, depart.
\n GLOSSARY.

Erring. They fell into j^^*- 'o\

discord.
Rib. c'^jLdl fj- jA-o
— 2;'*^
Kind, sort.
,

VII 'ila, be joined

to, join.
A blow.
^
Dammah. Be hum- ^j^-^^^ c,^

IV conceive, har- ble ; 'ila, entreat humbly

bour (in one's mind). V make humble supplication,
abase one's self.
Pronoun.
II set ablaze. ^j-*^

Suppressed, understood. Be weak; 'an, be w-i*o

too weak for (accomplishing
Contents. \^^^. ^<- anything) : III double, mul-
bi, be avaricious of, ^j>«o — ^
tiply : VI be doubled : X
withhold, have a great affec- deem weak, despise.

tion for. The double, the like. \Jat^

Be lost : IV allow cU> VIII *ala, bear a ^>*-i
to be lost, abandon. grudge against (anyone) for
,
(anything).
Landed estate. ftU-^
^
Frog. ftiU-d ». pJJt^
Annexed. ^Lflu*-

Annexation. SiLol Err : IV cause to err, ^^

'aha, be narrow to, JLd lead into error.

Error. J*^-^
distress : II 'ala, reduce to
straits. Error. SJ'iLd

Tripoli. That which JIJ* — JJJs

Throw down. tallies with, corresponds to.

Drive away, pursue : j»j.J»- 'ila, come upon, be- ljJ»

VIII drive away. fall.

GR. II,
 GLOSSARY. I TA

Mischance, calamity. Chief- ju^U-d 9. jujOo

>Z^ya — >*m>^*a tain, lord.

Voice, Do, make. «..;-o

Fame. Manufacture, work- A^U.o

manship, shipping.
II fashion, depict. J^
Form, figure, ^3-0 *- ^j^^
see jb A^UoJI j\^

image.
Assault. d^(^^ J3^ Idol.
Shout; 'ala, shout
Name of a tribe. lliblo
at, scold.

Y hunt. Rush down (as

Place of hunting.
water) : II make to descend :

IV direct the course (of some-

Become : II make
thing) expressly at, hit the
to be.
mark, hit, smite, fall upon^
Name of a place. 6j.^^
overtake, befall, find, get pos-
Final destination, session of ;
passive, be slain :

result, issue. V descend.

Forenoon, the time Proper name mas- ,^Lo

culine
near midday.
Restrain, main- JA^^tiO
Big, large. tain, manage.
VIII on one's
Strike, beat, {jj.^ Vj-^ ~" — lie

side, sleep.

cut oflf, pitch (a tent), coin IV cause to laugh.

(a proverb) ; 'ala, strike upon, IV enter upon ^^.
put forth (the hand) to seize; the morning.
fi, journey through, traverse: Morning, the ia„.^^ ^s
VIII be loose, be slack. early part of the forenoon.
I rv GLOSSARY.

Chosen as SU >» V^' Swoon. i.5)AO

best.
Thunderstruck. (>«-«
Crucify : II crucify
(of many). Be small : X make j.iua-

More or most hard. w«JLot small account of, despise.

Small, young. jlio ?*. j-ji-*©

Be good, be fit, be *.-Lo

suitable : IV make good, cor-

Contemptible. ^tLo
rect, arrange, do good, follow IV 'ila, listen to. ^suo
right, behave uprightly min, ;
Form in line of
put in better order. battle.

Peace. Rank, line of s^yua «y-

battle, troops in line.

Welfare.
'an, pardon, forgive. ^Juo
Pious.
IX and XI be yellow. jAo-
Bald place
on the head.
ajiX^
J

^ Yellow ; of a horse, grey. jJua\

Proper name feminine. i^jJua

Proper name mascu- SjJus ^\

II pray ; bi, lead in ^La line.

prayer; *ala, bless. IV 'ala, consent to, JU.0

pledge one's self to accept.
Prayer,
blessing.
OI3X0 9> S^La^ 6*^^
Be pure : VIII take \k^ —
to one's self that which is

Place of prayer. ^Jiieu> pure, choose.

II pierce, penetrate. Rock. o'>***
Proper name masculine. Proper name mascu- ^\yua
line.
Ml J
Hard, solid. A<0 The por- bU-^ ^ <
^ ^3'
L5*^
Proper name tion of spoil reserved by the

masculine. chief for himself.

 GLOSSARY, I n
Cry out : X call for ^^-
.1

aid. Desert.
^ ji
Proper name mas- jji^.»o yj\
One who calls for aid
C"-^ culine.
Way. h\,

Throw to the Breast, upper part.

ground.
t^
Place from j^La^ -*. jJuia^
Place where slaughtered pj-xa-«
which anything proceeds,
men lie on the ground.
source, watering-place (from
Turn, shift, send \^j^ which people return), infini-

back, inflect; 'an, divert from: tive.

II diversify : VII turn away, Infinitival. ^JJJ..Ac

depart.
Name of a tribe.
Money-changer. ol/-«

Proper >o4^^ —J^j^ Tell the truth ij*>>^

name masculine; name of a II pronounce to be true or

tribe. veracious, believe.

*•

Belonging to the tribe ^^-o^j^ Hard, stiff.

of Suraim. Sincerity, truth. (^taXO

J ^ i
Proper name masculine. jbj.^\
A man of true or J.XO Jc^j
X 'ala, become w'.y-«g> good character.
difficult to (anyone).
Dowry. j3'J'-^J A5j^-ra
Difficulty, steepness. Su^sua
The veracious (a JkJ jua3
More or most difficult.
name given to 'Abu Bakr).
Ascend, go up into. jlh.o
That which verifies, ^1,
Proper name masculine. confirmation.

Strike with light- ^^ao Bind (the she-camel's j«o —

ning. udder), leave off milking.
I re GLOSSARY.

Somewhat, a little Better or best known. >^v•

Wish. Well known, generally j^y^

Become white. w^Ur accepted.
IV 'ila, make a sign to, jytt
Name of a tribe.
J
point out to; 'ala of person
Proper name masculine; and bi of thing, advise (any-
name of a tribe. one) to ... : VI consult to-
.(At .A . *
gether, deliberate.

Old man, ^\^^ «t.^-w^

II with acG. and 'iLa,
^^
make (anyone) desirous of.

elder, chief.
Desire, longing.
Become spread, be clw — ^J^
divulged.
Be ugly. dli

Party, partisans. ^Lwt ». Wish, will. {for^)^\^^—

Black spot, A^lw Thing, anything, ^Uwl
mole. something.
Z'^

VII pour, stream. w*.j-o -

L5^
IV enter upon the 5*-.j-o -
Boy.
time of morning, become.
True,
Day-break.
genuine, correct.
vt >o
a JO
Proper name
More or most true, ^t
masculine.
genuine, correct.
Day-break.
Consort with.
Be patient, stand j..*-^

^jl: fast ; 'ala, bear patiently.

X

Companion, friend, Patience. j.**^

^
lord, master, owner. Patient. J^f^
 GLOSSARY. I rp

'ila of person, com- l^w Mountain-

plain to (anyone) of. road, ravine.

Rej oice at another's C.^^ Eighth month of the oW*^

trouble: IV bio/ ^/migr, make Moslem year.
^
y^^^_ (anyone) so to rejoice. Proper name
masculine.

bi, know, be cogni-

Solar. ^^oM^o-^
sant of.

The solar reckoning.

^ >>..^.L) \
Hair.

Poem, poetry.
Disposition, charac- ^Jj^^w Watchword, battle-cry
ter, good qualities.
Poet. i\j3di !«. >cU»
Envelopment. Jl<,Jwl
Hi J Double, intercede. jiaw
Scatter, pour. ^^
Pair.
He poured the Lj-J S^UJt ^^ f*^
raiders through it (the coun- Intercession. ^\
try) ; swept it with his horse-
Cure, heal.
men. LT
A dried-up water- (jlw •*. ^.w 'ala, be grievous to, ^^tt
skin. distress sorely : VII be split
Proper w^l^w — v^ Strip of cloth.
name masculine.
3 ^ Ot Name of a place.
White, light grey.
Doubt.
Testify ; with ace, ^w
be present at. Be thankful. jXi
Testimony, manifest S.>lv^
Grateful. l>^
A
Make known.
j^3 ji^;:^!
^ j££— j5Ci-
Month. J5v^3 Jv^' ?r jir^ Form, figure.
 rr GLOSSARY.

Evil, mischief ; jJlJ—^jjJ^- Brave. %ShfJ^-

bad, worse, worst. c

Name of a tribe.
Drink. c*

Drinking-place.
Belonging to the
tribe of 'Ashja'.
^
Perverse, u^j-^
— t^j^ Be avaricious.
intractable.
r'-r
Covetousness.
Xeres or Jerez u^ij'
(in Spain).
Instigate, impel. J>T^i»»-

Military al9 i9>w Flow.

police, bodyguard. Become fixed (of
Conditional. the eye in death).

Mani-
t^ c t<^~t-^ Body, self. ^aH
fest.
J J
Run, charge, attack, jkw
Become noble : ^jJ^
tie, fasten, be severe, be
IV 'ala, survey, show one's
strong VIII become vehe-
self to ? X raise the eye to
:

ment, make haste.

look at, catch sight of.

Verily, great . . . C^wu .lU

Top.
is thy love for...
Noble, illus-
Violence, vehemence.
trious.

Eastern. Strong, severe, ve-

hement.
East. OJ 2 Cjrf^ More or most strong,
IV believe in more ^j^ severe, vehement.
than one god, be an idolater. Strengthening.
Polytheism, idolatry. ^jJt» A J
Be apart, deviate. ;

VIII buy. j^^ Name of a place. Aj^JJ^

Bank, shore. Jkw — JkL^ Falcon, oUJtJw -». Jp'Jlw
Devil. 0^^*4i hawk.
 GLOSSARY. I rr

Be even with, equal ^y>^ Particles denoting ^^ \^^

to : VIII become firm, settle futurity and followed by the
one's self, stand even, keep imperfect.

in line. Drive, carry aSLw JL>

Go, on (a narrative) : YII be
driven.
journey : II make to go
Shank, lower half of the JL>
III go on a journey with,
leg.
accompany : YI travel in
company. Hard driver. ^j\^
see jLj. Jl^ Name of a place.

Course, progress.
Way of acting, jl^ -. Sj,^
conduct, fashion. Clean the l^slj^j ^L» —
Sword. teeth.

YI pour in from
A piece of stick used Jl<
t/***'
for cleaning the teeth.
every quarter.

The curved i •<w — ^^~ Lay (a burden) upon, ^U —

afflict ; with double ace, con-
end of a bow (where the string strain or require a (person)
is fastened). to do (anything).

CH

Unifor m. X auffur ill. s w

Separation ; sZ^t, — s:Uw Affair, busi-
i.
jjli — ^[^
ness, state, fact, degree, rank.
plural oU£l', different sorts.
Do what you J»»^W >>^U»
Winter. pU^
like with the man.
Pervert, confuse. Proper name mas-
culine.
Collective, trees.

A tree. ^/-aK^ I
Likeness.
I r GLOSSARY.

Be e^-il : IV do evil. sXmJ Sense of hearing, oral ^-o-^

tradition.
Evil, wickedness.
II name. a-a^
Evil disposition.
go , Heaven. Ol^
Shameful deed.
Name,' noun.
Mischief.

Bad, evil.
Nominal.
^A
Samuel. J?>o--^
An evil action.
VIII rub and clean yj.^
The camp- a».L»-
the teeth.
ing-ground of the nomads;
Tooth, age.
an open space surrounded by
tents. Elder, eldest.

Sink. ^U -^ see O-^J-

Prope r
name
3 t^wj 3 \y^

masculine.
— >^-j

Ml ^
Name of a place

near Medina.
^
Master, lord. Lean : IV cause to
lean, support.
Black. ^y^ !j- ^^\
Attribution {literally j the ^Uwl
J ^ A £o«>
Proper name masculine, ^^w*^ I
act of supporting) ; adducing

The wearers of black, S^^--^ t

an unbroken chain of autho-

rities to support a tradition.

i.e. the partisans of the 'ab-
basid dynasty. Attribute, {literally that , j^;....c

V climb a wall (like j^-j

which is supported).

a thief), seize by stealth.

Wall (of a city or town), j^-j Year. Olyi«>3

A line of bricks in a '^jy-' Level ground, J^.-- J^-j

wall; chapter (of the Coran). plain.

Hour, little while. a^U Proper name masculine. J•^^v*^

Now, this instant. a£.\^)\ Arrow\ ^v-^

 GLOSSARY. I r

Travel along, follow dUL» Fall : VI fall one

(a course). by one.

Be safe, unhurt j^^ Place where anything

II 'ila, deliver to; 'ala, be- falls.

stow peace on, grant welfare Give drink to : 15***'

to, salute : IV resign, sur- IV cause to drink, moisten

render, become a Moslem. with : X ask drink of.

Peace, welfare, greeting, j)!"^

Be silent, become
One who is at peace. ^-^ stilled.

Dwell, inhabit,
A thorny tree, mimosa. 4.JL,
,>5Cw

stay in : IV make (a letter)

Proper name A<^JLwj a<JLw
quiescent, take away its

masculine ; name of a tribe. vowel.

Name of a tribe. Rest. 03-^

J 0, J
Solomon. Knife. .JCm>

Name of a tribe. Quiescent.

Islam.
Dweller ^j.'==>\y^
J
One who has resigned ^«JL»»^
{feminine).
himself to God's will, Moslem
VII slip away.
proper name masculine.
Drawing (of swords).
Proper name mas- a<,JL«.«

culine.
Arms, ^*^ — ^Jl-j-
u J weapons.
Moslem {adjective).
End (of a *i.JU^^
X J
— ^JL»-
Quail.
month).
A quail. oUJLw J
Power, ^vilJfluLw ixlw
Poison. sovereignty.

Hear. Name of a tribe.

in GLOSSARY.

Line j.law1 ?»- j^Jaw - Mock : II subdue, jjL-w

(of writing). subject, treat as abject.

Proper name juiw - Block, close up. juj

masculine. Porch, way of entrance. Sjuj

Fore-arm. j^U
Six. Al.^ ^
Proper name masculine. Sj^tlw
Sixteen. S Ji ytLS" dCLtJ
J <•

Proper name masculine. 3>*-^

Sixty.
II kindle, make to jjtw
blaze.
A sixth part
Sixth.
Proper name masculine, jt*^
IV aid (a person) Please, give pleasure j^
to do what he desires.
to : IV conceal, keep secret.

Run: fi, strive to , j A secret. j-

(accomplish anything). Secretly.

Travel.
Navel.
J J
Journey. jliwt •*. jk.
Joy.

Lower or JawI — ^Jju* Saddle.

lowest, lower part.
» ^ ..
*
Be quick IV make :
^j^-
haste : V hasten.
J

Ship. C>A*rfj Promptitude.

Proper i.*>^a-»^ l'j^a-. Quick, prompt.

name masculine.
Proper name mas- ist^
culine.
Be light-witted. AAmI-
Make a journey by \^j^
Thoughtlessness, foolish-
night.
ness.
Squadron of ^i^j^ ?*• '^j^
Foolish, fool. 2'
cavalry.
 GLOSSARY. I |A

Way. J^w — J^ see s^y^ ^

Make prisoner of ^-*.«>
Remainder, jjU —jlw
war, carry off as captive. rest, all.

Co^toi-ue, prisoners of war. ^~^

Ask, interrogate. JU
One who asks. J5U
see ^jcw
VIII hide one's self, j.2, Importunate, a men-
dicant.
Curtain.
Revile.
Prostrate one's self, jcai^w
Cause.
Prayer-carpet. S^Ufc^w
J J Ci J , J VII be stripped off Iw
(the skin).
Prostrate.
Keep sabbath.
Mosque. jts>*L.^ -». j».a^*»»^
Sabbath.
Prison. i.
^
Ceuta.
Cloud.

A cloud. Ajl with ace. or li, praise (God).

Bewitch. ja^^ -
Glory to Thee! JJl
Lungs. Tribe (of y\S\
^
The time just before the Jews) ;
grandchild.
daybreak.
Seven. ^ »AW — ^J*
Enchantment. „ .
'^ V " ^ ^ ^ ^ o *
beven- SjJis. «..**j
^ ^Juc- Hsu^
Magician. djoLL *. j.a.U teen.

Shore, J^L» — Ja^ Seventy.

coast. Precede, outstrip, Ji^
^ J
Name of a poet. ^,»tja*-w get ahead of.
I |v GLOSSARY. ,

Name of a poet. ^J Proper name mas- AJjitj

culine.
Number. :Ui
Proper name mas- ^--jJjJt
V marry. ^3J culine.
^ ' ^

Husband, spouse, ^t^ji Chrysolite. ^"^J-ij

^ ^jj
March, advance : U^>-j
Wife. *»-JJ
VI advance to coml^at.
Provisions for a
journey.
^!j
Full of waves, j^^j —jj^}
Visit. Vine-branches *

Cease : IV bring to J!i

an end, remove.
place where crops are sown,
They gave . . . ^^»- <**:»
'Vj '•• corn-land.

him no peace till . . . Proper name mas- ^jj ^^

culine.
^bj ^ ^i3b—<S3J
Corner, angle.
Assert, deem. ^y
Olive-tree.
The strait of Gib- J15>JI
O^^ij
raltar.
Exceed, give increase ^Ij

to.
Alms. 6^j^ 6\^j -^j
Proper name masculine. joj Name of a tribe. 4jlJj
J J
Proper name masculine. ^bj Name of a tribe.

Name of the Aj^a^ ^j juJj Belonging to the tribe iSj^j

second Omaiyad Calipli. of Zuhrah.
i it >o

Name of a mare or ^^jJ

Name of a collector 4j>^'
she-camel (see Freytag, Ara- of traditions concerning the
bum Froverbia, ii. 860). Prophet (died 124 a.h.).

* Sir Charles Lyall suggests that Ci^^^jj-) may be read, with the mean-
ing 'yellow African marble,' which was much used in Roman building. Cf.

Persian CjSyj ,
' gold-coloured '.
 GLOSSARY. I n
Proper name masculine. a*-Ijj Urge (a horse) by ^A^j
Wind. p-bj striking with the leg, make
^ ^jj
to gallop.
Belonging to the tribe ls^^j
of Riyah.
Spear,
IV wish, intend, ^^j Pain in the ju«j
make for (a place),
eye, ophthalmia.
Inf.o/i\jIV. 5it;t

Thing desired, object, ^\j^

Ninth month of the Moslem
purpose.
year (the month of fasting).
Frighten.
Proper name masculine. u^m>j
Fright, fear.
Sand. J^j
X
— J^j
Spirited. Throw, pelt, assail, ^-oj

Please, delight; IV asperse, upbraid, shoot at

Jlj
(with an arrow).
v3!>* (/^*' J!;')j P^^'' out.

Horn.
Noise. 2uj — ^j —
Jjj
Name of a place. SjcJ;
Seek after, desire. ^!j
Fear : IV cause to w^j
Relate, hand down ^^j
by tradition, recite
fear : X call forth fear of
; 'an, re-
one's self, terrify.
late (a tradition, poetry) on
the authority of ... ; li, re-
A small number iaA)
(of men).
late (poetry) as belonging
to...
Pledge, hostage.
Relation, reading.
^-bj
IV min, give (anyone) p-^j
Moun- ^^j\ ^ 3o^j\ rest from, relieve from.
^_$jI_$
tain-goat, chamois. Rest, recreation, Ol^tj •>- A».tj
Name of a place. Ajj pleasure.
 I 10 GLOSSARY.

Tremble : IV cause \J^^ Mes- ^JJ^;J Njlw;

^^£
aJL.1

to tremble. sage.

Keep, guard. ijUi;

^^ Message, mes- J-^j 9- J>*^J
Herdsman, shepherd. cl;
senger, Apostle.

Go the right way : jLJjj

Desire ; 'ila, sup- a^j w-i^j
IV direct rightly.
plicate ; 'an, dislike, avoid
True direction. j^wj
fi, like, desire eagerly; 'ila

of 'person and fi of tiling^ ask Following the right J^^j

(anyone) for (anything). way, orthodox; guiding cor-

An easy, j^j — jjg rectly, a true guide.

^ J
Proper name masculine jut-j^j
affluent manner of life.

Fit together, con- j^^j

VijiJlaise, lift, remove. «;
struct.
bi, treat kindly. Uij Jisj IV li, prepare for. ju©;

Companion (used both JJ^j With ace. or bi or ty^J

as singular and plural).
'an or 'ala, be pleased with,
Any- J^!/^ ^ J>fj-»5 <>V-^ be content with, acquiesce in
thing from which advantage IV satisfy : VI bi, mutually
is derived. consent to, agree upon.
J ^ jit >e , < ^^^
Ill watch. ^y^S;

Approval, favour, grace, sjt^^j

Sleeping-place.
Better or best pleased. \^'^j^
Mount on W>^j v^J — w-i^j
Supple, re- wJs»j
horseback, ride, embark on, freshed.
engage in, follow (a certain
Be terrified. w-Pj
course).
II grow up. p/Cj
Composition. w*wj^>p
3 ^ < O ^ Proper name mas- ,^Upt
Ship.
culine.
 GLOSSARY. \\^

Proper name mas- a^^j Proper name masculine. 3aujj

culine. ^Oe. , oi
Four. ^:>jl jb ^Jjt
VIII depart, set J-J " ^ " ^ oi y ^ y ^ ^ oi
out. Four- D

teen.
Be merciful, have J^)
mercy on. Four hundred.
^ J , oi
Forty.
Relationship. JO'
Name of a tribe.
^ ^ ^
iO y
Mercy. vt

Belonging to the
Merciful. tribe of Yarbu'.

II arrange, dispose, wsjj

The Compassionate .jji

(God). The seventh

J . oi
More or most merciful I month of the Moslem year.

Bring back, restore ; Sfj

VIII recite verses in J.ej*;
—
with ace. and 'ala, give back the metre called J.»-j.
by way of answer to. Name of a metre.

Outer
^
Aj^j\
Of.

^ pbj — i^^j Plague.

garment (of a man). Return: III

J J
^*^>«>^ ^»^
Roderic. answer : VIII restore.

Fix (by sticking in). jj Convulsion, ^a*^ — -*«^•J

Provide (sustenance) Jjj
for. man.
J ai
Sustenance, means of c2J>) Foot.
livelihood.
Hope, hope for
Ill interchange Jwj
messages with, correspond
IV put off, defer.

with : I V send, send a mes- Welcome !

^ X
U^y-o
^
— w^»-j
sage, shoot (an arrow). (liter ally, ampleness).
I \r GLOSSARY.

Name of a place near ^»^ j3 'an, forget. JA3

Mecca.
He who, or j^i ^ 013 ^ ji
Taste : IV cause to ^1^ that which, is in possession

taste, cause to experience. of ... ; having, possessing.

He held a doctrine The tenth letter of the pTj

Arabic alphabet, r.
or opinion. Hi

Belonging to Rai L^jl;

Flag.
^ J (the ancient capital of Per-
Seeing, sight.
sian *iraq).
Lungs. 'Abu Bakr b. Musa al ^^jtjJ^

Lord. w*; — v^J Razi, the first Spanisli his-

The confederate tribes torian (died 325 a.h.).

vkP'
of which Taim was one. Be the head of cr'b

VIII station one's II appoint as chief : V be-

self in a commanding place come chief.

of observation, keep watch. Head. ^33:3 ^3h ^ ^b

Tie, fasten, connect. Ja^j See, {imp/. ^jS) ^\j
Fastening, copula. ^k-ilj perceive, be of opinion, judge
with double ace, consider (any-,

Take a fourth part *jj

thing) to be ... : IV with
of; be or dwell (anywhere)
double ace, show (anything
in the season called 9l^j
to anyone) ;
passive, think,
(spring) passive, be rained
;
believe : VIII be of opinion,
upon by the rain of ^t^j-
think right.
The third and fourth «-Oj Opinion, judgment,
months of the Moslem year. doctrine.

GR. II.
 GLOSSARY. 1 1 r

mention II exhort, admon-

:
This, that. gr^j\^ ^t ^ ti
ish ; bi, remind of : V become
reminded of, take warning. Thus. tj^
J J J
Male. So and so, such IJl^j IJc^
ob^3j J>^3 ^ J=>'>
and such.
Mention, praise, remem- j>^i ^ Ox
brance, admonition. see L« aric? ^^. 13 0**3 '^ ^
Fullness of pI£»3 — ^3 see yy Oti
age, acuteness of mind.
That. JiS'Njjtj iiS'N)? ^ JI3
Spirited.
L5^^

Wolf.
A horse that has S,^£»Jl«
A lock of hair hanging aj)_3>
attained to fullness of age
over the forehead.
and vigour.
'an, defend. ^^ •

Be abased. J3
Ignominy. a) 3
Slay. ^3 -1-
That, this. ilu ^ ^\ Belonging to the iV Wi
tribe of Dhubyan.
Thus. A)J^
—-^^3 IV make wide. cj3
Cove- ^U3ij 4^3
nant, bond. He made great j^ J::*^ t cj^t

Tail, lower *^3 — wJ^ slaughter among them.

part, end.
Fore-arm. c Ij3
Go, go away. ^^^ II 'ala, despatch (a w-is^
Gold. ^3 wounded man).
sage, sii Remember, name, j^3
1 1 GLOSSARY.

Dockyard, maga- AtU^cJl j\^ Crumbled soil, earth re- j)i

zine, manufactory, arsenal. duced to atoms.

Capital. 'ala, indicate; aJ's)^

J>
dlUUjT jb
with ace. of person and *ala,
The Round (name of jj*i-oJt
direct to, point out to.
a castle near Cordova).
Ox J Perish utterly :
j^^
Turn of SJ^^^ a3j3— Jj^ II destroy utterly.
favour, good fortune.
Blood.
Dynasty. ^^>
Be mean.
Continue. ^b
Be near ; li or min,
Duration.
approach.
On this side 03> — 03> Nearer, nearest,
J
U^ ^
^ ei
^J>l
of, in front of, below, less
less, least.
than, without, to the exclu-
sion of.
The present life. LojJt S^joJI

A confused ^^3 — ^^> The world. LJjJI

sound. Time. ^>

Desert. ^jb Become bewildered, ^^^
Judge. ^b lose one's wits.

Heligion. Bewildered. J^>

The Day of Judg- Desert. Aj^^j ^^-^^-5 -5^
ment.
Go round lY : 'ala, jt^
One who receives re
bring (anything) upon a per-
compense.
J ^ son, be the cause of it hap-
Debtor.
pening to him.
Denarius, ^0^ 9- jUj^ Homestead, house, court, jt>

piece of gold. palace, mansion, abode.

 GLOSSARY. I I

Phantom, apparition J^tj^ Good, prosperity; best; j-^

(especially of the woman followed by min, better than.
whom one loves). »

Choice, select.
Collective^ horses, J^
cavalry. Think, (/or J^) JU.
Self-conceit, vanity. *>;?»•

I Y overtake, reach ^j3 David. ij^b

maturity.
Ani- ^ ''3^ AJb w*>
Proper name mas- ji^\^ 2
mal for riding (especially a
culine.
horse).
Drachma, piece of jt^}^ II arrange, regulate, jj>
silver. ,^jv. ) ^ plot, intrigue : IV retire, re-

^-Know. if
^ 1^
'
<^j> -^— treat.
Ox
Castle, monastery, S^Cw^ Turn of evil fortune, ^j-i>
cloister. defeat.

Call, invite, name ; U^ ft, go into, "^^^^ J«»*3

bi, summon, send for; 'ila,
enter : IV make to enter
challenge ; li, bless, pray for,
f i, put on ; 'ala, bring (any-
acknowledge as sovereign thing) to a person.
VIII claim, assert.
Title of *abdu-l jD-lif
Challenge. eU^
-' •
Rahman the Omaiyad.
Invitation, call to join 5^3
Collective^ pearls. j3
a party, propaganda, allegi-
IV fold. ^j3
ance.
Study j^ji
Push, repulse ; li or «.93

'ila, deliver up to (anyone). Coat ^3j>

^ ^^.~t2^
Pound. i)^ — of mail, a woman's garment.
1*1 GLOSSARY.

Succeed, follow,
Five. act as deputy for, do (a thing)
behind one's back : V stay
Fifteen. behind VIII : differ, disagree,

Fifty. go to and fro, exchange

(blows) ; X make successor.
Name of a hill near i« jJjiJ t

Posterity.
Mecca.

draw one's Behind.

Retire,

self back. The opposite of any- \^^^^

thing.
Proper name masculine.
» The reign or office of AJ'^i.
Traverse, scour, j^l^
Khalifa, Caliphate.
explore.
Khalifa, Caliph. lUJul *. 2JukL
Lowing. ^\^ — j^».
Fear; {for \J^) oU. Successor, Uu*^^ 9. H suiX^

deputy.
*a,la, fear for : V same meanhig
Measure.
Fear. ^^ JU»-
<

Creation. JiJ^
Fear. d3[sL^
Charac- ,jy^^\ r*. tP^j JU^
Feared, to be
ter, disposition, moral or
feared.
OS mental quality.
Maternal Jt^t ^ J^ Be past (of time) ; '^li.
uncle.
bi, be alone with : II with
Betray (a trust). )U.
ace. or 'an, leave alone, let
Be disappointed. w>l«i. go-

Obtain good : TI give jl^ He did not ^,ov-^3 ^^ L5^

a choice to : VIII take to interfere between him and
one's self that which seems them, gave a free hand to
good, choose. either party.
 GLOSSARY. I
•A

Speaker, orator. Name of a tribe. ^jj'»-

Thought, >U._jJ:,^_l_ Name of a tribe, iftlj^
idea, mind.
Detach, separate. JiJ-^
y step on. aJaa.
Name of a 4^oJ>i. —j^Ja,
tribe.
Boot ; an aged camel.
Belonging to the ^-.cjJdL^
Proper name masculine. »^Ui. tribe of Makhzum.
Obligation. SjaL —jAsL. Abject. L*-^^ — ^-**»»-

II 'an, quit, aban- ,^jaJi.^

Lose. j.*M».
don.
"*
One who suflfers loss. j->l&.
Doze, bend the JiAi.
head drowsily. Abase-
ment, difficulty.
A light or momentary
sleep.
Be afraid of.

Be hidden, vanish Antagonist, ^.©-^i.

: /_as
IV conceal.

Secret. Green, dark-coloured.

Secrecy. Occupy.
ui J
YIII become de- j^ Affair, case.
cayed.
Miss the mark,
HI X
Road through sand.
err, sin : IV miss, commit a
Priend. fault or sin : VI wrongly
attribute error to one's
Canal, river. ij-JlL
— ^Xi. self.

Endure perpetually, jS^ — Fault, blunder.

Fault, sin.
make a long stay, abide,

'ila, come to. ^ja.\j>,

"*
Make a speech. ^.'^t^e^

J Ml ^ O/O
III be mingled with, JaJU. Proper name mas- w>lLa»Jt
have as a quality. culine.
I v GLOSSARY.

Servant. ^^l^ Be bad. wmi*.

Fall down. j,^ Bad, foul. ^^..^.
Name of a pro- ^jlwtj^
An adulterous %i*5l^ *. ^.^..i.l.
vince in North-eastern Persia.
woman ; a foul action.
Unin- *--*!/»• — *r>*» II with ace. and bi, ^ct.
habited. acquaint, inform : IV with
Proper name mascu- '^j'f^ t double ace. or aec. and bi,
line. tell, inform VIII test, make
:

trial of.
Go forth, be outside : ^^j.^

IV Tale, piece of
cause to go forth, bring jW^-t ^ j-^
out, expel, produce, pick (for news, predicate (of a nomi-
military service) : X 'ila of nal sentence), enunciative.
person and bi ofthirig, reveal,
bi, well acquainted j^t^
divulge anything to anyone.
with.
One who extricates ^r*!/^ Disorder, JU^ — J^^
himself. ruin.

Outside of. V set up a tent, 15^

c-e'
shelter one's self.
Proper name masculine. 4a»^U.
Deceive ; with ace. ^J^^
Member of ^jt^^- 5?- ^-^-jU.
and 'an, deprive anyone of
the sect called Kharijites who
a thing by means of deceit.
held that the Caliph must
be elected. Deceit, guile. Aaujia.

VIII devise, invent, cj^ IV with double ace.

Gathered asj^
J
— ^j.^ make a person to be the
servant of another.
fruit.

II pierce. ,jj^
Service. ^j^
 GLOSSARY. M
One year old ; a young
[J^
Proper name mas- rtllK;,»i

strong camel. culine.

— L^>*- —
Jot < < Ota

Tribe. j-»- Proper name femi- rtj,lK;,a>Jt

nine.
Live IV give j-^-j i***-
—
:

4.aa*;j»J I aJL^ t
life to, bring to life, keep
alive : X keep alive for one's The religion of Abraham, which
own advantage, spare. Moslems identify with Islam.

^^-
'

Living, alive. ,^^»-

^mm *

Fish.
Life.
Thing ^l». — 7T^^
Name of a Spanish jj^Ue*. ^^\
wanted, need, desire.
historian (died 469 a.h.).
Bring back, return jl».
Proper name masculine
with.
John the Baptist.
J 6 ^ Name of a poet.
Where, in respect
that . . Place uoy^ — s^^
Whither.
where water collects, reser-

voir.
Whence.
Guard, observe : ^l».
Wherever. lY bi, surround, encompass,

lY with a comprehend.
afflict
U^
calamity. YIII use artifice, ^y^
Time. scheme.

State, condition.
When, at the time

when. Circumstantial.

At that time. Around.

Z ^C> ->2,./c/.
l»o GLOSSARY.
J ^ iota
Proper name mascu- Be lawful: lY make j!».
line.
»
lawful, permit : X regard as
Proper name mas- lawful, desecrate.
culine. Alight, disembark :
Jj
Proper name mas- j^l^». YIII ^affie meaning.
culine.
J ^ Wife. \ J5'^
— S-o^
(^

Foolish,
stupid.
Jk-o.»-t

Milk.
\ ^
wJLo.

Bear, carry, take on J«.o^. lY make to swear.

one's self, charge; 'ala, attack Friend, comrade.

with ace. and 'ala, urge any-
Windpipe. ^^
one to anything: VIII take
Intensely «^l».
up and carry, lift, sustain,
black.
endure.
Clement. ^-^^
Sword-belt.
Ornament.
Carrying loads [mKis- Qy^^
culine and feminine). Proper name
masculine.
She-camel to carry aJ
i , p

loads. Black mud,

slime.
Become hot : lY ^-^
Praise : lY esteem ji
make hot, heat.
praiseworthy.
Defend: YI AjU-*-
Praise.
guard one's self against, shun.
Praiseworthy.
The feeling of one ^«^'
whose honour is wounded,
Name of the Prophet
proper name masculine
indignation.
Ass.
Name of a valley
jto^ ^ jU»" j-<f»
i
near al Ta'if. Red, reddish-brown.
 GLOSSARY. I»P

Keep, pre- U9la». iaA». 'ala, incite to: II

serve : III 'ala, be regardful incite.

of, observe punctiliously

Be present, be at
lY fill with indignation.
hand ; with ace. be present
Preserver, guardian, one JaiU-
with or beside, be situated
who knows the Coran by
heart.
beside : lY bring.

Handful. ^Ua». — ^>ft»- Name of a pro- >Z)^jJsj^

Mi J
Be fitting : X have ^^».
vince in southern Arabia.

a just claim to (a thing). Belonging to Hadra- ^^p^

Truth, right. ^^ maut.

Fitting; 'ala, binding 4>;jA»-

YIII put under O-'A*-
one's arm or in one's bosom.
upon.
Genuine. !•***»- Lay down (a burden), Jaa.
^. "^ ''

alight, disembark : YII be

Become impeded, w^a»-
placed, be pitched.
confused.
Period of time, age. 4^».
Unloading, alleviation, ^».
forgiveness.
Decide. ^o^ Proper name masculine. ^Ux*.
Be wise. ^^-^ Jx Ox 3 0>o
J ^ ^ Om> Name of a poet.
Proper name masculine, ^ii^ I

One who pk» ^<rl*»-

Maxim. ^^S^ ^ 4.<,X».
drives beasts vehemently
Wise ;
proper name ^«^ voracious.
J 0,0
masculine.
Proper name mascu- ^^, I

Relate ; in gram- i*^ line.

mar, imitate, cite the exact
A consuming fire.
words of a speaker.
Dig, excavate.
Story, narration; in AjbC».
grammar, direct citation.
Pursue.
 ur GLOSSARY.
Without a coat of mail. ^-^U. Movement, motion.
Sword. ^U»». — ^«-><»- Moving, in motion. J
Be good III: treat jj>-».».
Be unlawful II make j^jj^
:

kindly : IV cause to be sacred, forbid: IV enter the

good; do (anything) well,
sacred territory.
be able to do it.
Holy place. >»>••
Good, beauti- ,jU»». ^j. ,j-.i>»».
Sacred thing, Slcja-^ 2uj^.
ful.
sanctuary.
Hasan, the eldest son j^-«aJ I

Sacred. ^ft'j-*-
of 'all ibn 'abi Talib.
• * What a man is bound ^j^-
Beauty, goodliness.
to protect, wives, family.
Boon.
Forbidden, inviolable; ^o^*-*
Husain, the second
the first month of the Mos-
son of *ali ibn 'abi Talib.
lem year.
Better, best, ^^,;..>.^ ^ ,j>.«».t
VIII cut off.
JJ*.
more <yr most beautiful.
Estimate, compute jj^^
Well-doer.
(the number of).

Come together Jct>>^

Make a bundle Uj.». ^j^*-
muster.
of.
Troop.
Precaution. >»>»•
Gather. J- Proper name masculine, jd]}^

Pelt with small Perception, j.^^

Hi X
— ^jm, „t^

stones. sense.

Small stones, pebbles. ^Ua». Think, suppose : ^«.m>^

Surround, enclose: j^ VIII provide for one's self a

III besiege. reward (from God), behave
, * |n ^ fortify one's self valiantly.
n-
Fortress, castle. Remove. >-.».
 GLOSSARY. I r

Be enraged: III w^»»

wage war with. Stone.
i
War, battle ; also used Bosom. j-sfj^
as an infinitive = 2oj ^^ .,»,

Proper name masculine. j-ja*.»»

Proper name mas- _*j<afc.n

culine.
Partridge. ^JUlxl
— J.a*,».

IV fall back, re- ^^r^

Proper ^^Ij ^^la^t
treat.
name masculine.
Ill oppose, contend 3 j^».
Proper name masculine. Ajj\^. with.

Proper name masculine. woJja. Limit, boundary. 3^j^». -»• jl*.

Forest. a^«a. — *.jj Sharpness, acuteness. dj^».

Guard. yj^J^ Sharp. J^Jui.

Guardsman. II tell, relate to : ^j^a.

Guardian, ^l_^».
V 'ila, talk to, converse with.

keeper. Young. >t)j.L

Events, accidents of ,jljjk.».

*ala, eager for. Time.

II 'ala, incite to. u^jj^ Youth. ^jt.

J 0^ J 0^
Name of a place. icujokJ I
Story, re- ^j^U.1 C^j^».
lation.
VII 'ila, turn to- v.3;a-

wards, approach; New, recent.

*an, turn
aside from, desert. Fear, be on one's jju
Letter of the ^^j^ ^ guard, beware of : II 'an,

alphabet, particle. caution one against, bid one

Burn beware of.

: II kindle a jj^
fire. Remove, eliminate. «»9j^»-
• ^ <
II fl, urge to. ^j^ Opposite. jJtA. —J Jk».
I * I
GLOSSARY.
ci*oss, convey across, trans-
Pierce: IV answer w^l».
fer : VII 'ila, desert to.
He complied with 4Jt ^^yjl«*.l
Place of crossing, pas-
J^ their request.
sage.

H unger. P>^ — P Answer. v'>^

J ^ 0^ One who jl».
Name of a place. o^aJI
is j\^
protected.
X make a round. cJ^ -
" • "
Put stockings on w>J><^
Come, reach; l£«a>..o gU.-
(anyone).
bi, bring, produce. " * '
Stockings.
Army. — tn W- -
^J>^
cAj<^
Be allowable III jUh.
rUj^ — ol*.-
:

Corpse.
cross ; bi, take across : IV

Inf. of L». III. Be an (for v^»") *-r^

Proper name mas- ^U- object of love : IV love with

culine. 'an, desire that . .

Until," so that, in Love.

L5^
3 Hi
order that. Proper name masculine.
Urge on.
Proper name masculine. ,

Swift.
0^
Dearer to him. 4JI
Name of a place. ,~ s

Pilgrimage 91.A. — Pr^f^ Love, charity.

to Mecca. Imprison- ^f-^>^ — c^•^»

ment.
Hajjaj ibn Yusuf al -*.

Thaqafi, governor of 'iraq Be vain, be useless.

(75 A.H.-95A.H.). Rope. J.**.

— J-.

Crawl : III treat L

partition. kindly.
 GLOSSARY.

At the side of ... , . He . .

. o' j^5^ 'Seb f-o^^
alongside of . . came to the determination
Side. that . .

J J ,
Wing (of an army). Troop, num- Py-frOf •». ?^-^»-
Of. J J J
ber (of people) ;
plural.
J

Array, body of troops. Union, congregation.

^ a J J 0>o jO^
Proper name mas Friday.

culine.
Number (of people),
Sort, kind. company.
All.
Afflict severely; j>yfi*-

passive, feel the pangs of Together.

hunger : VIII exert one's
That which collects,
self, show earnestness.
^
great mosque.
Affliction, sufferings. -H^ All. i^Ao-ch. ^ ^-oA-t
II equip, supply
with an outfit : V equip one's
Camel.
self, make preparations.
Totality, sentence,
Equipment, supplies. J^^ clause.

Be ignorant. J^v^ Beauty. JU^

y
Ignorance. J^v^ Cover.

Nickname of 'amr J'v*" ^^ Collective, spirits, L>«^

ibn Hisham, a bitter enemy demons.

of the Prophet. Garden. ^Uflfc._5 Ot*^ 5*"

Ignorant. tJ-*^»- Paradise.

The time of pagan- A^UlaJ I Shield.

ism preceding Islam.
J 0^ J
Name of a tribe. Ai.--».
iv» Side.
^1 GLOSSARY.

Sit, sit down. ^ <l l^ffc Amputation. >J^ JV^

Shave. JxpJl^.^ iaJU- Sign of jazm.

A site near Damas- J^IU-

Mi
Reward. vJti^
—
cus; according to others, the Reward, recompense. J
city, or district, of Damascus. V search after, in- 4j-*~^ —
Become clear, be '^H*.
quire for.

evident : II reveal : V make Body ; red jum». -

one's self manifest : VII be gold.

manifested. Proper siame mas

culine.
One whose case is y^ jJjI

clear, a man who is well Large. ^f""^ ^«-*

known.
II throw one's ^a»A».
Gallicia. rt^A..JLtfc.
self on the ground (in agony).
^ ,
The Proper name mas-
head of hair ; a head of long culine.

hair.
Place, put; with c^*«*-
Skull. double ace. J
make a thing or

Belonging to the person to be .... ;

followed
by the imperfect^ begin to ... .

tribe of Jumah ibn 'amr.

Be exalted.
Name of ^^^U^ ^J».
Hi J
the fifth and sixth months of The main part, the most. J^
the Moslem year.
Draw. ^^.fXa^ —— -_

Collect, assemble : ^-o^ Cries, clamour. ^LJL».

IV compose, settle; 'ala, re-

Strength, j^
solve on : V be assembled, hardiness.
come together : VIII come
Strong, hardy.
. together ; bi, have a meeting
with, join with. Skin, water-skin.

g2
 GLOSSARY. u

Proper name mas- w-lj-aJI VII split one's self, ^ie^

culine. Proper name mas- j^^-
II detach, send (for ^^.e*. culine.
J
a special purpose) : V strip Gabriel. Juj^jj*.
one's self.

Collective, locusts, grass- >!jjte,

Mountain.
hoppers.
A locust, grasshopper. ^>\j-af
Gibraltar. Jj^ ^J-J^
Ml J
IV commit a crime, jbj^ Exert one's self ; bi, juh.

be guilty. afflict, press hard upon: II

J
Crime. ->oj^
^ 0/0
renew, restore : X same mean-
J ui

Proper name femi- A<woj.aJ I ing as II.

nine. Exertion. j^*.

Plow, run. iSj^ Extremely.

Girl. ?T- ^J^-
.51; A young horse.

A camel for slaughter. Draw, drag : VII let j4

One who slaughters j\}e^ one's self be dragged.
(camels or other animals).
Brave. CSj^ — !/^
Island, peninsula. ?^J>»- II make trial of, ^j*^
Algesiras. itj-odJI 6jjj.^i\ test ;
passive, become ex-

perienced.
Tarifa. ^-hP* ^J''^' Bag:.
J ^ < ^
Place of jjW-* /^ >)>*?•-* ^
Trial, experience.
slaughter.

Orieve vio- Uj
t^ ^ ^-J^--
C^
lently. Animal that catches game.
w GLOSSARY.

Thirteen. S^ia*^ *±JLj

^ j-u»c iiU i
Blood-revenge, a j^—j^
Thirty. 0^3 O^"^ person from whom blood-

Third. .iJU revenge is sought.

Snow. ^mJ3 — ?j-U

Stand firm, Dl*j

i 3 stick, remain: IV prostrate

Then, thereupon. j^ (an adversary) so that he
IV bear fruit. ^ becomes unable to move.
Collective^ fruit. j^ Name of Ta'abbata woU
A fruit. jto^ ^ 5^«©j Sharran. See JojI.

IV make heavy sj-^

or thick, exceed.
Eight.
He made a J^t ^^ (J>a^t

Eighteen. 5^-^ heavy slaughter.

Eighty.
*
03^^
i ^
Abundance. — jjj
oj\j.j

Serpent. oW*J* — v^
J ^ ^
Mountain-road ; {fig-) a lofty Proper name mas- aJju
and difficult enterprise.
culine.

The four front teeth bU£jT Front teeth. jAj-jAj

(central incisors), two above J
Gap or breach in a line SjSu
and two below.
of defence, mountain-pass.
Two. o^^3 O^^' -^ O^' Be heavy IV weigh
: ^^Ju

S;.^ U-o^ dj.^ liot ^ j-to»ft UjI heavily on, burden.

Twelve. Heavy. Jlij ^ JJu

Second. ^U ^ ^^U
'^^ JSp-^-
Be bereft (a
Dual. ^,^**^ mother) of (her child).

Return. w*U
Garment. w>^ Three. ojiiij

GR. II.
 GLOSSARY 11
Before him. Evident.
Oti
While.
^ Evidence, proof.
Manifest, clear.
Between, among.
CM

see j^dj
Ci>*-* Coffin. O^U
see jjj ^^ X be arranged, be ,.^^3
Name of a place. it'^T put in good order.
"
see ^i jjj Perish : II destroy. j^
Follow.
^ 1_ Follow : IV with «^
"

Be double ace, cause a thing to

completed, be ful-
J^ follow a person, pursue him
filledIV complete, perfect
:

VI come together, muster in

with it: V search after by
degrees, investigate : VIII
full force.
follow, pursue.
Fullness, completion. ^l^ Follower. ^iJt ^Ji^ .^ij
Name of a tribe.
^^^ ^
Appositive. ^j\^ -jij
Complete.
J^^j
More or most complete.
J^|
Merchant,
Collective, dates.
j^
A date. ^\^ Sj^
Under, c^ J^^
beneath.
Repent; 'ila, repent ^\3 Leave, leave alone,
toward. JP
abandon.
Old Aij^^ 4^^^^ Stj^J
Testament.
Nine, i
Proper name mas-
^j/^]
culine.
Nineteen.
Name of a tribe. w*L»JjT^^ Ninety.
Collective, figs.
^j
'\6 GLOSSARY

Pamplona. dj^jj First-born. Jij

Belonging to the tribe \^jSii

Build. of Bakr.
^^L5^
Used collectively, buildings. pUj Weep. Jij ——
f
Son. pl^t^ Oy^ ?r CH3 C>f^ Nay, on the contrary. J->

Four years old. ^*.w «jjt jj.jl >^>^ ^ jiJ — jj.j

Country, land, town.

Daughter.
Used collectively, country. ^%i
Gate.
'PaAace (palatium). L^L*
Pass the night. Ob
Name of a mare. iUJLj
Tent, house, i i 1 ^ i

family. Reach, attain, U.^JL> ijb

arrive at, come to one's know-

Verse.
ledge, reach manhood II :

Helmet. with double ace, bring (a

Whiteness. c^W thing) to anyone, deliver

(a message) to anyone : IV
speak eloquently.
White'
TTi^A double ace, sell cb Delivery.

a thing to anyone : III swear Eloquence.

allegiance to anyone as Ca- Exaggeration.
liph : VIII buy.
Try, test.
A domed *-o ^ a*aj
Trial.
building, church.
Appear plainly: ^jIj
Affliction. k'^

II make plain : IV become Tried, tested.

plain : V appear plainly. Yea, certainly (a^rm- ^^^ —

Explanation. ^L^ ing what has been denied).
 GLOSSARY IF
Army. Say Jjt
cW
Perish : lY make II give good news to juL»
;
distant, remove. with ace. of the person and iM^'
Afterwards; with negative^ JJu bi, announce to anyone the
not yet. .^^<^-_SL_r
good news of...: lY be of
(?^*^f>
Afterwards. J^ f^ good cheer: X rejoice at
good news.
After.
^ ^^ ^^ Men.
J^
Portion, ^ij _ ^^^ Good news.
some, one of...
\^j^
One another.
Herald.
j^^ jL ^j^
. .
. 1 j^^f . . . ^^^aSu
The Basques ^JjSl^\
Do not ajj Ajjll^ Js^ ( Vascones).
implore thy Lord any further.
bi, see, look at. jJu—i—
Division into parts.
Sight, look.

Name of a city near Sj»^T

Husband.
the mouth of the Euphrates.
She-mule. aUj— Jij-
Seek for, desire. is
bi, seeing, able to see.
j^
Bottom of ilaJaj ^ U.
Cattle. jJC,—^ a water-course, soft earth,
One head of cattle. sand.
ZJL}
^
Remain, endure, ' Become vain or it^.
{\lj ^^. ._

be left
void : lY make void, annul.
over, survive : lY
leave over: X leave alive, Brave man, warrior.
jjj
spare. Yain, worthless.
JJ^l?
Remainder. \.^ Belly.
cM~o^^—
Proper name
masculine ;
jii
name
^
of a tribe.
Send, raise from the ^*

dead.
^r GLOSSARY

A Berber, jj\^3 Make flow VII ,^;-.a^-—

hi\H ^ Lf/^J^ :

gush.
Belonging to the t^^^j^
Sea. J"*^
—J"^*^
tribe of al Barajim. J ^ J6»e
The lake (of la Janda S^-jawJ
— 3^
I

A kind of gar- ^jJ

near Medina Sidonia).
ment which is wrapped round
Bravo!
the body. c'
Ml J

Go out : III go out jjj Escape, means

to fight with an adversary, of avoiding.

engage in single combat with. VIII begin. Iju

Excelling. cjb — ftj-» Beginning, subject of a tt jJJl

nominal sentence.
Gleam, flash. ^JJl^ — jjj^
Inchoative, subject of a tjJt*
III fi, bless; VI be \s)^
nominal sentence.
blessed.
III hasten to be jj^
The coward (nickname ^jJt hasten
before, forestall; bi,
of Hajjaj ibn *abdi-llah al
to gain possession of.
^uraimi).
Proper name masculine ; jj^
IV twist so as to be jbj->
name of a well between
strong (a rope), consolidate.
Mecca and Medina.
Falcon. jW — 3>>
Substitution, J ju — Jj^
Proper name mascu- j-»»J substitute, permutative.

line. Appear. t^
Wide, wide —
Jau^ Ja-».J IV fulfil, make good, jj^
expanse ; name of a metre.
Become \^j^. j l/J

Proper name mas- j^y convalescent.

culine.
The Berbers, jJ^S—j-ij-i
Courage. aJU^ — J--*j the inhabitants of North

V smile. Africa.
 GLOSSARY
Yes.
^l see I and ^ sepa/rately.

Which, whichever. /|^| Weary, fatigue. 3t

Particle, denoting the accu- b!

"6 Be crooked.
sative, prefixed to personal
Crookedness.
pronouns.
Name of a tribe.
Strong. jut — Jul cr»3

Again.
Household, jT-j^i
iXl
kinsfolk.
Proper name masculine. i\^\
The first.
A time. ^jT — ,^1 see ^13
At the present time, now. ^^) t

A time. Ob'— Oj'

Where? ^\
^Ul
Wherever. \^\
KS^3 ^ ^'— C5^t
Sign, miracle, verse (of the
O! Coran).

Job. O that is, namely.

\ !,
^^t

Verb of blame, be evil. In, at, by, with, by w*

C^aJ
means of, by reason of, in
Courage, strength, fear. ^U exchange for.
There is no fear JuU j^b 'n)

In oaths, by. „^
for thee, i.e., security is

—^»b
e-

granted to thee. Well, cistern. jSj

Grievous.
u^ Be in distress or ^jjj —
Spread, disseminate. *i^ poverty : VI feign poverty :

Proper name mascu- j^r^ VIII grieve.

;

line. Be brave. . S
M GLOSSARY

The negative 'in a-sUt o< Security, promise of out

not. security.

Verily. A trust or deposit com- iiU

mitted to anyone.
I.

Thou.
Trustworthy. o^t
St »ot JO £ Amen. o^l
Ye.

You two.
je£ Believer. o^^
II make feminine. wJI
Slave-girl. 4mo) —y^S
Belonging to the L^>*'
Female. *t^Ut
Omaiyads.
Feminine (of gender).
Proper name masculine. 4^t
Gospel. J.<o^l-
jj 4'6i0io
The Omaiyads.
5 £
a^I
oi
^
Spain. j^jJ*^!-
That. Ob o^
bi, become friendly ^\- Because, o*^^ oW
with.
S& ^ Si i ^ £ ^

Proper name masculine

As though. lo->l^3 O^J O^
2 6 It is as if I saw
thee . .

A human being, a man.

In order that . . . not .

Crr%9l^ ii-hJ^l" 6 »

English. In order that. _

Only. M 2$
The explicative 'an
= saying or as follows.
oj a^J I ^1

Whence? Howl ^1-

If. o!
People, house- Jjbl—^Jjkl
hold, kinsmen, family, wife. The conditional 'in aJ^jiLi\ ^\
= if.
Or followed hy
;
subjunctive, ^1

until. Not. o\
 GLOSSARY

Chief of the A thousand.

religious

Is it not the case that

community, imam.

? Ul
t
Is it not the case
that?
^1 —
Truly, verily. oiui Suffer. ^1
With following o, as to, as Ut Painful. ^\
regards, but.
Adore. ii\
If. Ut
Object of aJI -. o-^l^ <»)l

Either ... or.

worship, god.

Command, enjoin ;
j-ot The god, God. i'sl'^'Tj aJU1
II appoint as commander A Jul /0

III consult : VI deliberate

OGod! JrvJJt

in common. To, towards, until. ^)\^

o's.

Command, authority, j-«t Particle of interroga- ^1

thing, affair, action. tion, or"?

A sign, consisting of SjUt Go in the direction of, ji\

stones, set up as a guide to make for; break anyone's
travellers in the desert. head by inflicting the wound
called i«t.
Commander, i\ye>\
^ j-j^t

governor, prince. Mother.

C.J il
see Ij-c Stj-ol^ \j^\ Proper Aa>«>.ixfc. ^Ij ^t^
Be secure : IV make ,j-«t name feminine.
""

secure, give security to, be- Religious com- ^^t ^ a^I

lieve {in a religious sense) ; munity, nation, people.
bi and li, believe in (God)
A wound that penetrates A^t
X 'ila, ask security from, be
almost to the brain.
under the protection of. wl wl£

Illiterate.
I am not sure . .
. O^ O-*^
*^

but that... Before, in advance of.

 A^ GLOSSARY

Franks, Europeans. ^j-J/ij Foundation.

^l -IfMm)]

The Roman Foundation. (-r».Ut

pro- ^LJbjit
vince of Africa. Isaac.

Cause to put on b3l dUt-

Author of the first Jla*.-^1 jj^t

a false appearance. biography of the Prophet

(died 151 A.H.).
Falsehood.
s
Name of a tribe. jlt\
Name of a tribe. cA*^'-
Belonging to the tribe ^^ju;l
II corroborate. jcfsl-
of Asad.
Eat. J^l- Take captive : X take j^\
Voracious. captive.

The. jT Captive. >£«i>t

A javelin. iff— JJI Israel. Jstj-^lj JshI^^J

Is it not the case that

certainly, truly, verily.
? '^ t-
Grieve : IV make I —
grieve.
That... not. Afflicted.

Why not?

Except, unless, otherwise Proper name feminine.

than in combination with
;

preceding negative = only.

Dense, intri- x^-JSj] — ^.^^l
cate.
see Jti ^"s)!
Seville. ^"i .fy |

see ^^JJt j^l Burden. j^\ —j^\

Boot, origin, J-ol— J^l
Who, he who, which, C>i<J>i\
foundation.

that which. Month of August. vT-mf^l

X seek the friendship *^t Witiza (name of

of, ingratiate one's self with. a king).
 GLOSSARY AA

Good manners, education. w>3t One. \^j^Ij^ J^*-

Lettered, polite. Eleven. SjJi^ c^J^^-J^ j-^^ •^^-l

Teacher. .1 «» Ai*A>t —
Adam. ^3t^v»^' Hatred, enmity.
Name of a place. ^til see ^\ CU<fc.t

II convey, conduct. ^^S Seize, take, re- tJtA.t J^t

When, since. ceive; bi, grasp, seize, visit
with f i, begin, enter on :

When, whenever, if, there ! 13

;

lo!
YIII take for one's self,

adopt, choose.
Name of some hills j^\^\
to the west of Mecca.
He stood on his ^ofa^lb Juh.1

guard.
'ila, give ear to ; li, ^^il Ox XX X X g
He took pre- a^Ju ^J^ Jk».t
give permission to : II and X X ^^
lY cause anyone to listen,
cautions for his own safety.
xO J. ^
^^ —-j^t
I
announce, declare : Y pro- Other, {^j'»'\ jb
claim, declare obligatory on another.
one's self : X ask permission; Last, latter, end. j^\
fi, ask permission to...

Permission. Oil Brother.

Ear. Member of O^ l5^ ^

Suffer injury. such and such a tribe.
,^31
X £ O I
Sister. OIaa.) 9m w>sa.t
Earth, OLojl ^ ^j\
land. Entertain. w>>i

Proper name mascu- SlLjl Be well brought up : wJ^t

line. II educate, teach good man-
A garment j \j \
—jj \ ners, correct, punish ; Y be-
covering the waist and upper come educated, cultured,
portion of the leg. well-bred.
 GLOSSARY

an end of, consume, destroy

Particle of interrogation. \

IV tvith double ace, give

anything to anyone. Endure. jul

Comparative from ^ ^Jl Ever, perpetually. \jS\

Abraham. j^\y^\
One who, more ^jxji *;) \^ \j\j\ V put under one's Jaut

than any of us, commits wrong. (own) armpit.

a^ .Si,
Imperative of ^\ IV, OU Name of a pre-islamic \j^ JauU
bring. poet.

Relate : IV prefer. jj\

Collective,
J,j1 — J^l
camels.
Trace, footstep, relic. jUl r^ j^^
Eblis, the Devil. ^y^„^
,JL.!

Special friend, favourite.

see ^JJ ^'3 Ch'
9 i
Comparative of ySS^ Jl Father. Xa
favourite.
Refuse, reject, dislike; ^^1
II found, establish. jii 'ala, refuse (anything) to any-

see

VIII
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,
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A
one.

woman ^>«—><r>'
ceive wages. who leads the chorus of mourn-
t
Reward.
Come, come to, UUJ! ^\
Fixed term. J^t — J»».l reach ; bi, bring, produce,
Yes. commit; *ala, arrive at, make
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RELATING TO THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD.
1. The Battle of Badr.

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1. How Samuel bin 'Adiya, the Jewish hero, kept his

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