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CHAPER – I

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background

Auto rickshaws are a common means of public transportation in many


countries in the world. Also known as a three-wheeler, Samosa, tempo, tuk-tuk,
trishaw, autorick, bajaj, rick, tricycle, mototaxi, baby taxi or lapa in popular parlance,
an auto rickshaw is a usually three-wheeled cabin cycle for private use and as a
vehicle for hire. It is a motorized version of the traditional pulled rickshaw or cycle
rickshaw. Auto rickshaws are an essential form of urban transport in many developing
countries, and a form of novelty transport in many developed countries. However, in
some parts of Europe they remain an essential mode of transportation, notably Italy's.
An auto rickshaw is a motorized development of the traditional pulled
rickshaw or cycle rickshaw. Most have three wheels and do not tilt. An exception is in
Cambodia, where two different types of vehicles are called tuk-tuks, one of which
(also known as a remorque) has four wheels and is composed of a motorcycle (which
leans) and trailer (which does not).

The auto rickshaw is a common form of urban transport, both as a vehicle for
hire and for private use, in many countries around the world, especially those with
tropical or subtropical climates, including many developing countries. Bajaj Auto is
the world's largest auto rickshaw manufacturer (The Economist, 2014).

Japan has exported three-wheelers to Thailand since 1934. Moreover, the


Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of Japan donated about 20,000 used three-
wheelers to Southeast Asia. In Japan, three-wheelers went out of use in the latter half
of the 1960s (Kimura, 1998).

In 1947 Corradino D'Ascanio, aircraft designer at Piaggio and inventor of the


Vespa, came up with the idea of building a light three-wheeled commercial vehicle to
power Italy's post-war economic reconstruction. The Piaggio Ape followed suit. Auto
rickshaws in Southeast Asia started from the knockdown production of the Daihatsu
Midget, which was introduced in 1957.

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There are many different auto rickshaw types, designs, and variations. The
most common type is characterized by a sheet-metal body or open frame resting on
three wheels; a canvas roof with drop-down side curtains; a small cabin at the front
for the driver (sometimes known as an auto-wallah), with handlebar controls; and a
cargo, passenger, or dual purpose space at the rear. There are two types of auto
rickshaws. In older versions the engines were below the driver's seat, while in newer
versions engines are in the rear. They normally run on petrol, CNG, or diesel. The
seating capacity of a normal rickshaw is four, including the driver's seat. Six-seater
rickshaws exist in different parts of the country, but the model was officially banned
in the city of Pune on 10 January 2003 by the Regional Transport Authority (RTA)
(Times of India, 2003).

CNG autos in many cities are distinguishable from the earlier petrol-powered
autos by a green and yellow livery, as opposed to the earlier black and yellow
appearance. In other cities (such as Mumbai) the only distinguishing feature is the
'CNG' print found on the back or side of the auto. Some local governments are
considering four-stroke engines instead of two-stroke versions. Auto rickshaw
manufacturers in India include Bajaj Auto, Kumar Motors, Kerala Automobiles
Limited, Force Motors (previously Bajaj Tempo), Mahindra & Mahindra, Piaggio
Ape, and TVS Motors.

Besides conventional autos, in Delhi there also used to be a variant powered


by a Harley-Davidson engine called the phat-phati, because of the characteristic—and
quite loud—sound it made. The story goes that shortly after Independence a stock of
Harley-Davidson motorbikes were found that had been used by British troops during
World War II and left behind in a military storage house in Delhi. Some enterprising
drivers purchased these bikes, added on a gear box (probably from a Willys jeep),
welded on a passenger compartment that was good for four to six passengers, and put
the highly unusual and unconventional vehicles onto the roads. A 1998 ruling of the
Supreme Court against the use of polluting vehicles finally signed the death warrant
of Delhi's phat-phatis (India Today, 2012).

Auto rickshaws were a popular mode of transport in Nepal during the 1980s
and 1990s, until the government banned the movement of 600 such vehicles in the
early 2000s. The earliest auto rickshaws running in Kathmandu were manufactured by

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Bajaj Auto. Nepal has been a popular destination for the Rickshaw Run. The 2009
Fall Run took place in Goa, India and ended in Pokhara, Nepal (The National, 2011).

In July 1998, the Supreme Court of India ordered the Government of Delhi to
implement CNG or LPG (Autogas) fuel for all autos and for the entire bus fleet in and
around the city. Delhi's air quality has improved with the switch to CNG. Initially,
auto rickshaw drivers in Delhi had to wait in long queues for CNG refueling, but the
situation improved following an increase in the number of CNG stations. Gradually,
many state governments passed similar laws, thus shifting to CNG or LPG vehicles in
most large cities to improve air quality and reduce pollution. Certain local
governments are pushing for four-stroke engines instead of two-stroke ones. Typical
mileage for an Indian-made auto rickshaw is around 35 kilometres per litre
(99 mpg-imp; 82 mpg-US) of petrol. Pakistan has passed a similar law prohibiting auto
rickshaws in certain areas. CNG auto rickshaws have started to appear in huge
numbers in many Pakistani cities. In January 2007 the Sri Lankan government also
banned two-stroke trishaws to reduce air pollution. In the Philippines there are
projects to convert carburated two-stroke engines to direct-injected via Envirofit
technology. Research has shown LPG or CNG gas direct-injection can be retrofitted
to existing engines, in similar fashion to the Envirofit system. In Vigan City majority
of tricycles-for-hire as of 2008 are powered by motorcycles with four-stroke engines,
as tricycles with two-stroke motorcycles are prevented from receiving operating
permits. Direct injection is standard equipment on new machines in India (The Hindu,
2007).

In March 2009 an international consortium coordinated by the International


Centre for Hydrogen Energy Technologies initiated a two-year public-private
partnership of local and international stakeholders aiming at operating a fleet of 15
hydrogen-fueled three-wheeled vehicles in New Delhi's Pragati Maidan complex. As
of January 2011, the project was nearing completion.

Auto rickshaws were a popular mode of transport in Nepal during the 1980s
and 1990s, until the government banned the movement of 600 such vehicles in the
early 2000s. The earliest auto rickshaws running in Kathmandu were manufactured by
Bajaj Auto. Nepal has been a popular destination for the Rickshaw Run. The 2009
Fall Run took place in Goa, India and ended in Pokhara, Nepal.

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1.2 Scope of the Study

Automobile dependency consists of high levels of per capita automobile


travel, automobile oriented land use patterns and limited transport alternatives.
Automobile dependency has many impacts on consumers, society and the economy. It
increases mobility and convenience to motorists. It increases consumers'
transportation costs and resource consumption, requires significant financial and land
resources for roads and parking facilities, and it increases traffic congestion, roadway
risk and environmental impacts. It reduces the viability of other travel modes and
leads to more dispersed land use and mobility intensive economic patterns that require
more vehicle travel for access.

This study has been conducted to find out the responses of the public on the
auto rickshaws in Birendranagar of Surkhet. This study will be beneficial for the auto
drivers to know about the customers' choices on riding an auto rickshaw. This study
will also help those who are interested in carrying out the studies on the public
responses towards the auto rickshaws. In the recent years of rapid growth on rental
services, there is tremendous increase in the usage of call taxi services in all cities,
especially in metros. International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special
Issue (1920).
In every sphere of business, the service and quality should be matched with
the perceived, expected and delivered. The big market players in call taxi services are
keen in enhancing the products and services to tap the customer base. This study will
help us to know the customers satisfaction with respect to the comfort, convenience,
tariff, service quality and staff courtesy, etc. Also, we can have the input and ideas to
improve the services to meet out the customer expectation in the near future.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The objectives of this study are as follows:

1. To examine the public response on cost/price/fair of auto rickshaw.

2. To determine the public responses on availability of auto rickshaw.

3. To assess the public responses on the behaviour of drivers of auto rickshaw.

4. To determine the public responses on the security of auto rickshaw.

5. To analyze the public responses on comfortability of auto rickshaw.

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1.4 Research Questions of the Study

1. What is the public response on cost/price/fair of auto rickshaw?

2. What are the public responses on availability of auto rickshaw?

3. How do the public respond on the behaviour of drivers of auto rickshaw?

4. In what ways do the public respond on the security of auto rickshaw?

5. What are the public responses on comfortability of auto rickshaw?

1.5 Conceptual Framework

Based on the objectives of the study, a conceptual framework is developed on


the public responses towards auto rickshaws. In this study, cost/price/fair, availability,
behaviour of drivers, security and comfortability are taken as independent variables
and the public responses has been taken as the dependent variable.

The conceptual framework is as follows:

Independent Variables
- Cost/price/fair
- Availability Dependent Variable
- Public Responses
- Behaviour of drivers
- Security
- Comfortability

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework of the Study

Price
A price is the quantity of payment or compensation given by one party to
another in return for one unit of goods or services. Wairimu (2011) findings was that
price highly influences customers satisfaction through offering increased
competitiveness of the services offered by the companies, although other
considerations like the efficiency of the services provided, easy access to services,
influence from family and friends, fast connectivity to internet, availability of low
denomination airtime vouchers, promotions, access to dealers and agents, new
innovations, customer service care centers locations, influence of advertising
messages, value addition services like money transfer services, also determine the

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level of customer satisfaction and enhance customer loyalty to the mobile phone
network.

Availability
Availability is defined as the quality or state of being available of a product.
The availability of service facilities, staff and goods to the customer, including
both the quantity and the range of services and products made available to the
customer. Availability of staff, services, products, etc. in time always influence the
customers. Competition increases, access to abundant information, availability of
similar products and services, etc. reduce competitive capability of organizations. The
only way for a health insertion to survive is to provide the products to the customers
in time. Thus, availability highly affects customers’ retention (Cample, 2004).

Behaviour of Auto Rickshaw Drivers

A driver behaviour is the set of actions he / she performs to ensure both the safety
of people and compliance to the driving regulations. At present, the journey by taxi is
an alternative for Bangkok people who prefer the comfort and the convenience.
Problems encountered in the use of metered taxis service today, including the lack of
consumer confidence in the safety of the service, especially the ladies, the attitude and
manner of taxi drivers and unwillingness to provide services. In addition, taxi drivers
deny passengers while running metered taxi service, provide the service for some
specific routes, take the detour of destination, driving in a reckless manner, incorrect
use of car accessories, such as cheated fare meter and very dark film, choose to
provide the service for foreign passengers only (Techarattanased, 2015).

Safety

Safety is the condition of being protected from or unlikely to cause danger,


risk, or injury. Safety and driver behavior were the next influencing factors on
customer satisfaction. Commuters usually felt safe in using the mini cab taxi services
because the cars were mostly fitted with functioning seat belt and the drivers drove
cautiously, had excellent knowledge of route, communicated and handled payment
transactions well. Further on drivers‟ behavior, commuters felt the drivers showed
appropriate driving behavior, were generally well behaved and normally had their
vehicles in clean and good condition. These findings are quite consistent with

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MMResearch (2008) report on perceptions of personal safety and security amongst
taxi users in New Zealand. Commuters in New Zealand perception of safety in taxi
services were because the drivers drove safely, communicated well in English, had
excellent knowledge of route and handled payment transaction well. They also
perceived taxi driver to be very professional or very professional in their conducts
(Horsu and Yeboah, 2015).

Comfortability

Comfortability is producing or affording physical comfort, support, or ease.


Techarattanased (2015) made comparisons in respect of the behaviors on the use of
the services of metered taxi classified by the demographic factor and to study the
influence of the recognition on service quality having the effect on usage behaviors of
metered taxi services of consumers in Bangkok Metropolitan Areas. The samples used
in this research were 400 metered taxi service users in Bangkok Metropolitan Areas
and questionnaire was used as the tool for collecting the data. Analysis statistics are
mean and multiple regression analysis. Results of the research revealed that the
consumers recognize the overall quality of services in each aspect include tangible
aspects of the service, responses to customers, assurance on the confidence,
understanding and knowing of customers which is rated at the moderate level except
the aspect of the assurance on the confidence and trustworthiness which are rated at a
high level. The major reason for service using was comfort.

1.6 Research Methodology

This section includes the detail of research methodology that has been used in
this report. It is concerned with formulating the plans and procedures, measurement
instrument development, methods for data collection, analysis and interpretation. The
chapter deals with justification the methodology used for finding solutions to the
research problems. The strategy of sampling design (i.e. universe of population,
sampling frame, and sample selection technique and sample size) has also been
discussed in this chapter. It also describes the participating organization and outlines
the methods gathering the data, characteristics of data and statistical tools to be used
to analyze the data.

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1.6.1 Research Design

Research design is a master plan specifying the methods and procedures for
collecting and analyzing the needed information. It consists of the structure for the
collection, measurement and analysis of the research data and aims at allocation of
limited resources for the crucial choices in the methodology. Research design includes
structure of the research problems and the plans of investigation in order to obtain
empirical evidences to prove relationship between variables of research. The research
design that the researcher adopted in this study was the survey research design.
Survey refers to the collection of data through different methods such as interview or
questionnaire. This method is widely used in research process. With the help of
survey, one can easily analyze the individuals' opinion on certain topics. A survey
may focus on opinions or factual information depending on its purpose, but all
surveys involve administering questions to individuals. Survey research design is an
efficient method for systematically collecting data and generalization the result. In
this study, quantitative research design has been used.

1.6.2 Population of Study

There are many auto rickshaws in Birendranagar of Surkhet. People are using
auto rickshaw as a comfortable means of transport. The target population of this study
is all those people who travel via auto rickshaw. Among the public, 55 were selected
purposively.

1.6.3 Sampling Design


Sampling method is one of the important processes of sample selection during
survey. In statistics, sampling describes the process of selecting sample elements from
target population in order to conduct survey. In survey process, sampling helps to
describe and analyze the characteristics, attitudes of the target population. The
purpose of sampling is to secure a representative group which enables the researcher
to gain information about an entire population. Simple random sampling method was
used to select the sample. The information was collected from auto drivers. The
sample size was 55 public from whom the responses were obtained.

1.6.4 Primary Source


This research used self-design questionnaires for the data collection. The

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survey questionnaires were justified because it was affordable and effective way of
collecting information from a population in a short period of time and at a reduced
cost. The questionnaires also facilitated easier coding and analysis of data collection.
The closed ended questions ensured that the respondents were restricted to certain
categories in their responses. Thus, the major information of this research was
collected through primary source.

1.6.5 Secondary Source


The secondary source of information was also applied in this research. This
source was used while preparing literature review and other places. The major sources
of secondary information were website, books, journals, and articles.

1.6.6 Questionnaire Development


The questionnaire was developed in Nepali language. Some questions were
self-developed, and some were adopted from previous researchers. Most of the
questions were formulated in closed ended pattern. To collect the personal
information of the public, 55 questionnaires were distributed. Among the
questionnarire, background related questions were included in the questionnaire.
Other questions were related to the independent variables and remaining question
number related to the dependent variables.

1.6.7 Questionnaires Administration


The researcher communicated individually with auto drivers and described
about the survey work. Then, the researcher requested to manage proper time to fill up
the questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed by the researcher to the public
who use auto rickshaw. Among the questionnaire, 7 questions were related to the
personal information of the respondents and 13 questions were related to the subject
matter. After the filling up of questionnaires, they were collected by the researcher
from the public. All of the 55 questionnaires were returned to the researcher.

1.6.8 Data Analysis and Presentation


For the analysis of data, frequency, percentages were used to describe the
nature of data. After analysis of each question, the figures have been shown in
different table as per the requirement of the subject matter.

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1.7 Limitations of the Study

Today's world is dynamic. Everything existing here are of limited characters.


Every principle, role, formula and conditions are applied within limitations. Likewise,
this study cannot escape from limitations. Therefore, the limitations of this study are
as follows:

1. This study is limited to the public in Birendranagar, Surkhet.

2. The respondents are limited upto 55 only.

3. This study is based on primary data.

1.8 Organization of the Study

This study is organized within the following chapters:

Chapter I: Introduction

The first chapter includes the background of the study, justification of the
study, objective of the study, research question of the study, conceptual framework of
the study, organization of the study, limitation of the study and key terminology of the
study. This chapter also includes the research methodology, limitations of the study
and the organization of the study.

Chapter II: Data Presentation and Analysis

The second chapter includes the presentation and analysis of data

Chapter III: Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations

The last chapter consists of the summary of the study and the conclusion as
well as recommendations.

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CHAPTER - II
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
This chapter includes data presentation and analysis of data as well as findings
of the study. The demographic information of the customers of the banks and
presentation of data is done using tables, figures and percentages. This study used the
primary data collected by the questionnaires provided at the annex. The
questionnaires were asked with the customers of auto rickshaw in Birendranagar of
Surkhet.

The data collected through primary sources are presented as follows:

2.1 Age Status of the Respondents

This question was designed to measure the age of the respondents. To collect
the information from the respondents regarding the age, below 15-24 years, 25-34
years, 35-44 years and 45 years and above options were used. The following table
shows the detail information of the respondents on the basis of age.

Table 1: Age Status of the Respondents

Variable Frequency Percent


15-24 years 10 18.18
25-34 years 26 47.27
35-44 years 10 18.18
45 years and above 9 16.37
Total 55 100.00
Source: Field Survey, 2075

Table 1 shows that 10 (18.18 percent) of the respondents were 15-24 years of
age, 26 (47.27 percent) were 25-34 years of age, 10 (18.18 percent) were 35-44 years
of age and 9 (16.37 percent) were 45 years and above of age. The data shows that
majority of the respondents found in below 25-34 years of age option.

The age of the respondents is also presented in figure as follows:

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Figure 2: Age Status of the Respondents

2.2 Gender Status of the Respondents

This question was designed to measure the gender of the respondents. To


collect the information from the respondents on gender status, male and female
options were used. The following table shows the detail information of the
respondents on the basis of gender status.

Table 2: Gender Status of the Respondents

Variable Frequency Percent


Male 33 60.00
Female 22 40.00
Total 55 100.00
Source: Field Survey, 2075

Table 2 shows that 33 (60 percent) of the respondents were males and 22 (40
percent) were females. The data shows that majority of the respondents found in male
option.

The gender status of the respondents has also been presented in figure as
follows:

Figure 3: Gender Status of the Respondents

2.3 Caste Status of the Respondents


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This question was designed to measure the caste status of the respondents. To
collect the information from the respondents on caste status, Brahamin, Chhetri,
Janajati and others options were used. The following table shows the detail
information of the respondents on the basis of caste status.

Table 3: Caste Status of the Respondents

Variable Frequency Percent


Brahamin 14 25.45
Chhetri 20 36.36
Janajati 17 30.91
Others 4 7.28
Total 55 100.00
Source: Field Survey, 2075

Table 3 shows that 14(25.45 percent) of the respondents were Brahamins,


20(36.36 percent) were Chhetris, 17(30.91 percent) percent were Janjatis and 4(7.28
percent) were other castes. The data shows that majority of the respondents found in
Chhetri option.

The above data have also been presented in figure as follows:

Figure 4: Caste Status of the Respondents

2.4 Religious Status of the Respondents

This question was designed to measure the religious status of the respondents.
To collect the information from the respondents on religious status, Hindu, Buddhist,
Christian and Others options were used. The following table shows the detail
information of the respondents on the basis of religious status.

Table 4: Religion of the Respondents

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Variable Frequency Percent
Hindu 32 58.18
Buddhist 5 9.09
Christian 14 25.45
Others 4 7.28
Total 55 100.00
Source: Field Survey, 2075

Table 4 shows that 32 (58.18 percent) of the respondents were Hindus, 5 (9.09
percent) were Buddhists, 14 (25.45 percent) were Christians and 4 (7.28 percent) were
other religions. This shows that majority of the respondents were found inHindu
option.

2.5 Marital Status of the Respondents

This question was designed to measure the marital status of the respondents.
To collect the information from the respondents on marital status, married and
unmarried options were used. The following table shows the detail information of the
respondents on the basis of marital status.

Table 5: Marital Status of the Respondents

Variable Frequency Percent


Married 12 21.82
Unmarried 43 78.18
Total 55 100.00
Source: Field Survey, 2075

Table 5 shows that 12 (21.82 percent) of the respondents were married and 43
(78.18 percent) of the respondents were unmarried. This shows that majority of the
respondents found in unmarried option.

The gender of the respondents has also been presented in figure as follows:

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Figure 5: Marital Status of the Respondents

2.6 Educational Status of the Respondents

This question was designed to measure the educational status of the


respondents. To collect the information from the respondents regarding the
educational status, illiterate, secondary, higher secondary and bachelor options were
used. The following table shows the detail information of the respondents on the basis
of educational status.

Table 6: Education of the Respondents

Variable Frequency Percent


Illiterate 5 9.09
Primary 10 18.18
Secondary 21 38.18
Higher secondary 19 34.55
Total 55 100.00
Source: Field Survey, 2075

Table 6 shows that 5 (9.09 percent) of the respondents were illiterate, 10


(18.18 percent) were primary level passed, 21 (38.18 percent) were secondary level
passed and 19 (34.55 percent) were higher secondary level passed. The data shows
that majority of the respondents found in secondary level education option.

The above data have also been presented in figure as follows:

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Figure 6: Educational Status of the Respondents

2.7 Occupational Status of the Respondents

This question was designed to measure the occupational status of the


respondents. To collect the information from the respondents regarding the
occupational status, self-employment, private sector, government sector and others
options were used. The following table shows the detail information of the
respondents on the basis of occupational status.

Table 7: Occupational Status of the Respondents

Variable Frequency Percent


Job 11 20.00
Business 11 20.00
Student 7 12.73
Others 26 47.27
Total 55 100.00
Source: Field Survey, 2075

Table 7 shows that 11 (20 percent) of the respondents had jobs, 11 (20 percent)
had business, 7 (12.73 percent) were students and 26 (47.27 percent) had other
occupations. The data shows that majority of the respondents found in other
occupations options.

The above data have also been presented in figure as follows:

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Figure 7: Occupation of the Respondents

2.8 Perception towards the Charge of Auto Rickshaw

This question was designed to measure the perception of respondents towards


the charge of auto rickshaw. To collect the information from the respondents on the
perceptions towards the charge of auto rickshaw, expensive, cheap and neither
expensive nor cheap options were used. The following table shows the detail
information of the respondents on the basis of the perceptions towards the CHARGES
OF auto rickshaw.

Table 8: Perception towards the Charge of Auto Rickshaw

Variable Frequency Percent


Expensive 30 54.55
Cheap 18 32.73
Neither expensive nor cheap 7 12.73
Total 55 100.00
Source: Field Survey, 2075

Table 8 shows that 30 (54.55 percent) of the respondents said that the charge
of auto rickshaw is expensive, 18 (32.73 percent) said that the charge of auto rickshaw
is cheap and 7 (12.73 percent) said that the charge of auto rickshaw is neither
expensive nor cheap. The data shows that majority of the respondents said that the
charge of auto rickshaw is expensive.

The above data have also been presented in figure as follows:

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Figure 8: Perceptions towards the Charge of Auto Rickshaw

2.9 Ability to Pay for the Charges of Auto Rickshaw

This question was designed to measure the ability to pay for the charges of
auto rickshaw. To collect the information from the respondents on the ability to pay
for the charges of auto rickshaw, expensive, yes and no options were used. The
following table shows the detail information of the respondents on the basis of the
ability to pay for the charges of auto rickshaw.

Table 9: Ability to Pay for the Charges of Auto Rickshaw

Variable Frequency Percent


Yes 43 78.18
No 12 21.82
Total 55 100.00
Source: Field Survey, 2075

Table 9 shows that 43 (78.18 percent) of the respondents were able to pay for
the charges of auto rickshaw and 12 (21.82 percent) were not able to pay for the
charges of auto rickshaw. The data shows that majority of the respondents found in
yes options.

The ability to pay for the charges of auto rickshaw of the respondents has also
been presented in figure as follows:

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Figure 9: Ability to Pay for the Charges of Auto Rickshaw

2.10 Availability of Auto Rickshaw

This question was designed to measure the availability of auto rickshaw. To


collect the information from the respondents on availability of auto rickshaw, always,
sometimes and never options were used. The following table shows the detail
information of the respondents on the basis of availability of auto rickshaw.

Table 10: Availability of Auto Rickshaw

Variable Frequency Percent


Always 25 45.45
Sometimes 26 47.27
Never 4 7.27
Total 55 100.00
Source: Field Survey, 2075

Table 10 shows that 25 (45.45 percent) of the respondents said that the auto
rickshaw are always available, 26 (47.27 percent) said that the auto rickshaw are
sometimes available and 4 (7.27 percent) said that the auto rickshaw are never
available. The data shows that majority of the respondents said that the auto rickshaw
are sometimes available.

The above data have also been presented in figure as follows:

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Figure 10: Availability of Auto Rickshaw

2.11 Availability of Auto Rickshaw in Time

This question was designed to measure the perception of respondents on the


availability of auto rickshaw in time. To collect the information from the respondents
on the availability of auto rickshaw, expensive in time, yes and no options were used.
The following table shows the detail information of the respondents on the basis of
the availability of auto rickshaw in time.

Table 11: Availability of Auto Rickshaw in Time

Variable Frequency Percent


Yes 31 56.36
No 24 43.64
Total 55 100.00
Source: Field Survey, 2075

Table 11 shows that 31 (56.36 percent) of the respondents said that auto
rickshaw are available in time and 24 (43.64 percent) of the respondents said that the
auto rickshaw are not available in time. The data shows that majority of the
respondents found in yes options.

The above data have also been presented in figure as follows:

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Figure 11: Availability of Auto Rickshaw in Time

2.12 Place of Availability of Auto Rickshaw

This question was designed to measure the place of availability of auto


rickshaw in time. To collect the information from the respondents on the place of
availability of auto rickshaw in time, expensive in time, on the main road and at call
options were used. The following table shows the detail information of the
respondents on the basis of the place of availability of auto rickshaw in time.

2.12 Place of Availability of Auto Rickshaw in Time

Variable Frequency Percent


Anywhere 11 20.00
On the main road 30 54.55
At call 14 25.45
Total 55 100.00
Source: Field Survey, 2075

Table 12 shows that 11 (20 percent) of the respondents said that the auto
rickshaw are available anywhere, 30 (54.55 percent) said that the auto rickshaw are
available on the main road and 14 (25.45 percent) said that the auto rickshaw are
available at call. The data shows that majority of the respondents said that the auto
rickshaw are available on the main road.

The above data have also been presented in figure as follows:

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Figure 12: Place of Availability of Auto Rickshaw in Time

2.13 Behaviour of Auto Rickshaw Drivers towards the Customers

This question was designed to measure the behaviour of auto rickshaw drivers
towards the customers. To collect the information from the respondents on the
behaviour of the auto rickshaw drivers towards the customers, politely, rudely and
neither politely nor rudely options were used. The following table shows the detail
information of the respondents on the basis of the behaviour of auto rickshaw drivers
towards the customers.

Table 13: Behaviour of Auto Rickshaw Drivers towards the Customers

Variable Frequency Percent


Politely 27 49.09
Rudely 7 12.73
Neither politely nor rudely 21 38.18
Total 55 100.00
Source: Field Survey, 2075

Table 13 shows that 27 (49.09 percent) of the respondents said that the auto
rickshaw drivers behave politely with the customers, 7 (12.73 percent) said that the
auto rickshaw drivers behave rudely with the customers and 21 (38.18 percent) said
that the auto rickshaw drivers behave neither politely nor rudely with the customers.
The data shows that majority of the respondents said that the auto rickshaw drivers
behave politely with the customers.

The above data have also been presented in figure as follows:

22
Figure 13: Behaviour of Auto Rickshaw Drivers towards the Customers

2.14 Polite Behaviour of the Auto Rickshaw Drivers towards the


Customers

This question was designed to measure the polite behaviour of the auto
rickshaw drivers towards the customers. To collect the information from the
respondents on the polite behaviour of the auto rickshaw drivers towards the
customers, yes and no options were used. The following table shows the detail
information of the respondents on the basis of the polite behaviour of the auto
rickshaw drivers towards the customers.

2.14 Polite Behaviour of the Auto Rickshaw Drivers towards the Customers

Variable Frequency Percent


Yes 32 58.18
No 23 41.82
Total 55 100.00
Source: Field Survey, 2075

Table 14 shows that 32 (58.18 percent) of the respondents said that the auto
rickshaw drivers behave politely with the customers and 23 (41.82 percent) said that
the auto rickshaw drivers do not behave politely with the customers. The data shows
that majority of the respondents said that the auto rickshaw drivers behave politely
with the customers.

The polite behaviour of the auto rickshaw drivers has also been presented in
figure as follows:

23
Figure 14: Polite Behaviour of the Auto Rickshaw Drivers towards the
Customers

2.15 Satisfaction towards the Behaviour of the Auto Rickshaw


Drivers

This question was designed to measure the satisfaction of customers towards


the behaviour of auto rickshaw drivers. To collect the information from the
respondents on the satisfaction of customers towards the behaviour of auto rickshaw
drivers, yes and no options were used. The following table shows the detail
information of the respondents on the basis of the satisfaction of customers towards
the behaviour of auto rickshaw drivers.

2.15 Satisfaction towards the Behaviour of the Auto Rickshaw Drivers

Variable Frequency Percent


Yes 30 54.55
No 25 45.45
Total 55 100.00
Source: Field Survey, 2075

Table 15 shows that 30 (54.55 percent) of the respondents were satisfied with
the behaviour of the auto rickshaw drivers and 25 (45.45 percent) of the respondents
were not satisfied with the behaviour of the auto rickshaw drivers. The data shows
that majority of the respondents were satisfied with the behaviour of the auto
rickshaw driver.

The polite behaviour of the auto rickshaw drivers has also been presented in
figure as follows:

24
Figure 15: Satisfaction towards the Behaviour of the Auto Rickshaw Drivers

2.16 Security of Auto Rickshaw

This question was designed to measure the security of auto rickshaw. To


collect the information from the respondents on the security of auto rickshaw, secure
and not so secure options were used. The following table shows the detail information
of the respondents on the basis of the security of auto rickshaw drivers.

Table 16: Security of Auto Rickshaw

Variable Frequency Percent


Very secure 5 9.09
Secure 22 40.00
Not so secure 33 60.00
Total 55 100.00
Source: Field Survey, 2075

Table 16 shows that 5 (9.09 percent) of the respondents said that the auto
rickshaw are very secure, 22 (40 percent) said that the auto rickshaw are secure and
33 (60 percent) said that the auto rickshaw are not so secure. The data shows that
majority of the respondents said that the auto rickshaw are not so secure.

The above data have also been presented in figure as follows:

25
Figure 16: Security of Auto Rickshaw

2.17 Feeling of Safety while Riding Auto Rickshaw

This question was designed to measure the feeling of safety while riding auto
rickshaw. To collect the information from the respondents on the feeling of safety
while riding auto rickshaw, yes and no options were used. The following table shows
the detail information of the respondents on the basis of the feeling of safety while
riding auto rickshaw.

Table 17: Feeling of Safety while Riding Auto Rickshaw

Variable Frequency Percent


Yes 32 58.18
No 23 41.82
Total 55 100.00
Source: Field Survey, 2075

Table 17 shows that 32 (58.18 percent) of the respondents have the feeling of
safety while riding auto rickshaw and 23 (41.82 percent) do not have the feelings of
safety while riding auto rickshaw. The data shows that majority of the respondents
have the feeling of safety while riding auto rickshaw.

The polite behaviour of the auto rickshaw drivers has also been presented in
figure as follows:

26
Figure 17: Feeling of Safety while Riding Auto Rickshaw

2.18 Importance of Security in Auto Rickshaw

This question was designed to measure the importance of security while riding
auto rickshaw. To collect the information from the respondents on the importance of
safety while riding auto rickshaw, yes and no options were used. The following table
shows the detail information of the respondents on the basis of the importance of
safety while riding auto rickshaw.

Table 18: Importance of Security in Auto Rickshaw

Variable Frequency Percent


Yes 47 85.45
No 8 14.55
Total 55 100.00
Source: Field Survey, 2075

Table 18 shows that 47 (85.45 percent) of the respondents fee secure while
riding auto rickshaw and 8 (14.55 percent) of the respondents do not feel secure while
riding auto rickshaw. The data shows that majority of the respondents found in yes
option.

The polite behaviour of the auto rickshaw drivers has also been presented in
figure as follows:

27
Figure 18: Importance of Security in Auto Rickshaw

2.19 Importance of Comfortabilty in Auto Rickshaw Business

This question was designed to measure the importance of comfortness while


riding auto rickshaw. To collect the information from the respondents on the
importance of comfortness while riding auto rickshaw, yes and no options were used.
The following table shows the detail information of the respondents on the basis of
the importance of comfortness while riding auto rickshaw.

Table 19: Importance of Comfortabilty in Auto Rickshaw Business

Variable Frequency Percent


Yes 32 58.18
No 23 41.82
Total 55 100.00
Source: Field Survey, 2075

Table 19 shows that 32(58.18 percent) of the respondents said that


comfortability is important in auto rickshaw business and 23(41.82 percent) said that
the comofrtablity is not important in auto rickshaw business. The data shows that
majority of the respondents said found in yes option.

The polite behaviour of the auto rickshaw drivers has also been presented in
figure as follows:

28
Figure 19: Importance of Comfortabilty in Auto Rickshaw Business

2.20 Comfortness while Riding Auto Rickshaw

This question was designed to measure the comfortness while riding auto
rickshaw. To collect the information from the respondents on the comfortness while
auto rickshaw, very comfortable, comfortable and not so comfortable options wer
used. The following table shows the detail information of the respondents on the basis
of the comfortness while riding auto rickshaw.

Table 20: Comfortness while Riding Auto Rickshaw

Variable Frequency Percent


Very comfortable 19 34.55
Comfortable 26 47.47
Not so comfortable 10 18.18
Total 55 100.00
Source: Field Survey, 2075

Table 20 shows that 19 (34.55 percent) of the respondents are very


comfortable while riding auto rickshaw, 26 (47.47 percent) are comfortable and 10
(18.18 percent) are not so comfortable while riding auto rickshaw. The data shows
that majority of the respondents are comfortable while riding auto rickshaw.

2.21 Findings

After the presentation and analysis of data, the following findings have been
drawn:

1. The study found that 10 (18.18 percent) of the respondents were 15-24 years of
age, 26 (47.27 percent) were 25-34 years of age, 10 (18.18 percent) were 35-44
years of age and 9 (16.37 percent) were 45 years and above of age. It can be
found that majority of the respondents were below 25-34 years of age.

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2. Among the respondents, 33 (60 percent) were males and 22 (40 percent) were
females. It can be found that majority of the respondents were females.

3. The study found that 14 (25.45 percent) of the respondents were Brahamins, 20
(36.36 percent) were Chhetris, 17 (30.91 percent) percent were Janjatis and 4
(7.28 percent) were other castes. It can be understood that majority of the
respondents were Chhetris.

4. In this study, 32 (58.18 percent) of the respondents were Hindus, 5(9.09 percent)
were Buddhists, 14 (25.45 percent) were Christians and 4 (7.28 percent) were
other religions. It can be found that shows that majority of the respondents were
Hindus.

5. The study found that 12 (21.82 percent) of the respondents were married and 43
(78.18 percent) of the respondents were unmarried. It can be understood that
majority of the respondents were unmarried.

6. The study found that 5 (9.09 percent) of the respondents were illiterate, 10
(18.18 percent) were primary level passed, 21 (38.18 percent) were secondary
level passed and 19 (34.55 percent) were higher secondary level passed. It can
be found that majority of the respondents were secondary level passed.

7. Among the respondents, 11 (20 percent) had jobs, 11 (20 percent) had business,
7 (12.73 percent) were students and 26 (47.27 percent) had other occupations. It
can be concluded that majority of the respondents had other occupations.

8. The study found that 30 (54.55 percent) of the respondents said that the charge
of auto rickshaw is expensive, 18 (32.73 percent) said that the charge of auto
rickshaw is cheap and 7 (12.73 percent) said that the charge of auto rickshaw is
neither expensive nor cheap. It can be found that majority of the respondents
said that the charge of auto rickshaw is expensive.

9. The study found that 43 (78.18 percent) of the respondents were able to pay for
the charges of auto rickshaw and 12 (21.82 percent) were not able to pay for the
charges of auto rickshaw. It can be understood that some of the respondents
feeling not affordable charge.

10. The study found that 25 (45.45 percent) of the respondents said that the auto
rickshaw are always available, 26 (47.27 percent) said that the auto rickshaw are

30
sometimes available and 4 (7.27 percent) said that the auto rickshaw are never
available. It can be found that majority of the respondents said that the auto
rickshaw are sometimes available.

11. Among the respondents, 31 (56.36 percent) said that auto rickshaw are available
in time and 24 (43.64 percent) of the respondents said that the auto rickshaw are
not available in time. It can be understood that the auto rickshaw are available in
time.

12. The study found that 11 (20 percent) of the respondents said that the auto
rickshaw are available anywhere, 30 (54.55 percent) said that the auto rickshaw
are available on the main road and 14 (25.45 percent) said that the auto rickshaw
are available at call. It can be found that majority of the respondents said that the
auto rickshaw are available on the main road.

13. The study found that 27 (49.09 percent) of the respondents said that the auto
rickshaw drivers behave politely towards the customers, 7 (12.73 percent) said
that the auto rickshaw drivers behave rudely towards the customers and 21
(38.18 percent) said that the auto rickshaw drivers behave neither politely nor
rudely towards the customers. It can be found that majority of the respondents
said that auto rickshaw drivers behave politely towards the customers.

14. The study found that 32 (58.18 percent) of the respondents said that the auto
rickshaw drivers behave politely with the customers and 23 (41.82 percent) said
that the auto rickshaw drivers do not behave politely with the customers. It can
be understood that majority of the respondents said that the auto rickshaw
drivers behave politely with the customers.

15. The study found that 30 (54.55 percent) of the respondents were satisfied with
the behaviour of the auto rickshaw drivers and 25 (45.45 percent) of the
respondents were not satisfied with the behaviour of the auto rickshaw drivers. It
can be found that majority of the respondents were satisfied with the behaviour
of the auto rickshaw driver.

16. The study found that 5 (9.09 percent) of the respondents said that the auto
rickshaw are very secure, 22 (40 percent) said that the auto rickshaw are secure
and 33 (60 percent) said that the auto rickshaw are not so secure. It can be found
that majority of the respondents said that the auto rickshaw are not so secure.

31
17. Among the respondents, 32 (58.18 percent) of the respondents have the feeling
of safety while riding auto rickshaw and 23 (41.82 percent) do not have the
feelings of safety while riding auto rickshaw. It can be understood that majority
of the respondents have the feeling of safety while riding auto rickshaw.

18. The study found that 47 (85.45 percent) of the respondents fee secure while
riding auto rickshaw and 8 (14.55 percent) of the respondents do not feel secure
while riding auto rickshaw. It can be found that majority of the respondents feel
secure while riding auto rickshaw.

19. The study found that 32 (58.18 percent) of the respondents said that
comfortability is important in auto rickshaw business and 23 (41.82 percent)
said that the comofrtablity is not important in auto rickshaw business. It can be
understood that that majority of the respondents said that comfortabilty is
important in auto rickshaw business.

20. The study found that 19 (34.55 percent) of the respondents are very comfortable
while riding auto rickshaw, 26 (47.47 percent) are comfortable and 10 (18.18
percent) are not so comfortable while riding auto rickshaw. It can be found that
majority of the respondents are comfortable while riding auto rickshaw.

32
CHAPTER - III
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

3.1 Summary

The topic of this study was “Public Responses on Auto Rickshaw in Surkhet
Valley: A Study in Birendranagar, Surkhet.” The purpose of this study was to measure
the responses of the customers towards auto rickshaw in Birendranagar of Surkhet.
The population of this study was the customers of auto rickshaw in Birendranagar of
Surkhet.

To measure the responses of the customers towards auto rickshaw in Birendranagar of


Surkhet, cost/price/fair, availability, behaviour of drivers, security and comfortability
have been taken as the independent variables and the public responses has been taken
as the dependent variable. This study was divided into three chapters with different
sub-topics. The required data were collected through primary and secondary sources.
Primary data were collected through the survey questionnaire and the secondary data
were collected from previous researches, journals, books, articles and newspapers. To
collect the primary data, survey questionnaire has been used.

Questionnaire includes both the personal information related questions and


subject related questions and the questions were formulated in closed-ended pattern.
Simple random sampling method was used to select the sample for this study. The
purpose of sampling was to secure a representation group which enables the
researcher to gain information about the whole population of the customers of auto
rickshaw in Birendranagar of Surkhet. The information was collected from the
customers of auto rickshaw in Birendranagar of Surkhet.

The data were analyzed using different tables and figures to find out the
marketing strategies applied by the advertising agencies. After analysis and
presentation of data, the conclusion has been made.

33
3.2 Conclusion

The study was conducted to find out the responses of customers towards the
services of auto rickshaw in Birendranagar of Surkhet. The customers were 15 years
to 45 years and above of age. Majority of the respondents were females and mostly
the respondents were Chhetris. The respondents belonged to different castes like
Hindus, Buddhists, Christians and others. Majority of the respondents were
unmarried. Some of the respondents were illiterate and some were primary, secondary
and higher secondary level passed. The respondents had different occupations like
business, students and other occupations. The charge of auto rickshaw is found to be
expensive. The respondents were able to pay for the charges of auto rickshaw. The
auto rickshaws are sometimes available. Some of the respondents said that the auto
rickshaws are not available in time. The auto rickshaws are available mainly on the
main road. Auto rickshaw drivers behave politely towards the customers and the
respondents are satisfied with the behaviour of the auto rickshaw driver. Majority of
the respondents said that the auto rickshaws are not so secure. The respondents have
the feeling of safety while riding auto rickshaw. The respondents feel secure while
riding auto rickshaw and the respondents are comfortable while riding auto rickshaw.
Majority of the respondents said that comfortabilty is important in auto rickshaw
business. The respondents feel comfortable while riding auto rickshaw.

It can be concluded from the study that the customers of the auto rickshaw are
satisfied with the price, availability, charges of the auto rickshaw in Birendranagar of
Surkhet.

3.3 Recommendations

On the basis of findings of the study, the following recommendations are


made:

1. The findings of the study reveal that 3 0(54.55 percent) of the respondents said
that the charge of auto rickshaw is expensive. It is suggested to the service
provider to decrease the charges of auto rickshaw services.

2. The findings of the study show that 4 (7.27 percent) said that the auto rickshaw
are never available. It is suggested to the auto rickshaws that they should be
always available in appropriate places where the customers like to ride.

34
3. The findings of the study reveal that 21(38.18 percent) of the respondents said that
the auto rickshaw drivers behave neither politely nor rudely towards the
customers. It is suggested to the auto rickshaw drivers that they should always
behave politely towards the customers.

4. The findings of the study shows that 32(58.18 percent) of the respondents do not
have the feelings of safety while riding auto rickshaw. It is suggested to the auto
rickshaw drivers that they should drive the auto rickshaws safely to reduce the
accident rate.

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