2.

APPARATUS/ MATERIALS IN MEASURING VOLUME

2.1 Beakers and Flasks

 Accuracy is within 5
 Volumetric flask is typically accurate
within 0.05%
 They are made up of glass with
graduations on the side.

 clean, dry, and tare flask , placing the number of grams weight corresponding to its volume on the
opposite balance pan
 add water 20 or 25 degree Celsius into sufficient quantity to counter balance added weight
 mark the lowest of the meniscus if it does not agree with original calibration

2.2 Graduated Cylinder

 Transparent Cylinders with finely divided

markings or graduations.
 There is significant improvement in accuracy
over beakers and flask within 1%
 Used in making approximate measure of
volume
 Contain a given volume of liquid at standard temperature
 Tare the balance so that it reads exactly zero, then place the graduated cylinder on the balance and record
its mass.
 Fill the graduated cylinder to 20 or 25 percent of its capacity with distilled water. The liquid in the cylinder
will for a U-shape called a meniscus. The proper volume reading is taken at the bottom of the U. Add the
last few drops of water one drop at a time from an eyedropper to bring the meniscus to exactly the desired
mark. Record this volume reading.
 Return the cylinder to the balance and record the new mass of the cylinder.
  Repeats Steps 2 and 3 for volumes of 50, 75 and 100 percent of the cylinder’s maximum volume.
 Subtract the mass of the empty graduated cylinder from each of the mass readings. This will give the mass
of just the water in the cylinder.

2.3 Burets/ Burette

 Graduated into mL to tenth-milliliters and are

close at the bottom by a glass or Teflon stopcock
 Accurate within 0.01ml
 used to deliver solution in
precisely-measured, variable volumes.

 Calibrate using Ostwald calibrating pipet or Kiehl buret calibrator

 The clean buret is filled to zero mark with distilled water
 The buret and water should be at room temperature
 Hot solutions should be avoided when cleaning accurately calibrated apparatus for it may change the
volume caused by heat (thermal after effect)
 Burets are used primarily for titration, to deliver one reactant until the precise end point of the reaction is
reached.

2.4 Pipettes

 Measure a predetermined volume

such as 25.00mL or 10.00mL
 Narrow tube into which fluid is
drawn by suction
 Has many kinds such as serological
pipette and volumetric pipette
 Clean thoroughly with soap solution and cleaning mixture and rinse with distilled water
 Fill it with distilled water at 20 or 25 degrees Celsius, according to temperature selected for calibration
 Allow to drain into a tared weighing bottle
 Weigh accurately and record the correct volume of the pipet.

2.5 Dropper

 Used to measure and transfer small amount of liquids

 a small tube having a rubber bulb at one end for drawing up and
dispensing drops of liquid
 Precision and accuracy of dose from droppers can be very poor
 In an effort so standardize the dropper, the United States
Pharmacopoeia/National Formulary (USP/NF) has recognized an official
medicine dropper which is designed to deliver 1 ml of water in 20 drops
with an allowable 10% deviation (± 2 drops).

 Hold the dropper upright and put the tip to the liquid
 Gently squeeze the bulb of the dropper to allow water to fill and slowly release to discharge