You are on page 1of 14

Some questions

1. If a separator having a separation co-efficient of 0.389 were to separate


liquid droplets of 200 microns from the gas stream in the secondary
separation section, what will be your estimate of the liquid droplet settling
velocity if they were to be suspended in the gas stream? The specific
gravities of the separated liquid and gas are respectively 0.88 and 0.77.
Operating temperature is at standard condition while pressure is 500 psig.

2. In tabular format state two constituents of a typical reservoir fluid and the
respective treatment the reservoir fluid will be required to undergo due to
their presence ( water, co2 h2s inert gases, sediments,
dehydration/desalting, sweetening, filtration)

3. Explain application of vapour pressure and lvp in liquid stabilization and


storage.

4. The difference between a chiller and evaporator is


a. Strictly dependent on the processed or process fluid
b. That one is cryogenic while the other is not
c. That one is a heat exchange while the other is not
d. That there is no difference because both take heat from the process fluid

5. Water dry sale natural gas is defined as


a. Natural gas without water
b. Natural gas at its water dew point
c. Natural gas containing no more than the required water content
d. All the above
6. The 15 mm.scf/day natural gas arriving the NGC plant Warri from the SPDC
Utorogu plant is 10 0C off-spec and above the regular water dew point of 15
0C for this gas that will be transported to Egbin power plant 450 km away. If

Egbin requires gas at 10 0C water dew point at 70 bars how many gallons of
glycol per day will be employed to dehydrate this gas at NGC plant if this
glycol will be circulated at 2.5 gallons per pound of water removed. NGC
wants to get the gas out at 5 0C below Egbin water dew point to cater for
possible frictional pressure losses for the 450 km journey.
McKetta and Wehe Correlation Chart

0
F
1. Mention two (2) major groups of products from Gas-to-Liquid Technology and give
an example of each product group
LVP NGL LNG, IVP NGL e.g gasoline, HVP NGL e.g LPG

2. Separation is process whereby


a. Reservoir fluid is separated into its component phases
b. Crude oil is separated into its component phases
c. Natural gas is separated into its components
d. Reservoir fluid is separated into its component compounds in a separator.

3. Name five main functions of a typical flow station feeding an Oil Terminal in Nigeria
Separation, pressure reduction ,crude treatment(dehydration and sweetening),
testing, waste water treatment.

4. Below is NOT one of the reasons why we remove water from natural gas
a. It causes slugging flow
b. It increases pipeline transportation load
c. It increases heating value of natural gas
d. In conjunction with CO2 and H2S, it causes corrosion

5. Give the reasons why the following are removed from natural gas before liquefaction
Compound Reason for Removal

1 CO2 Corrosion, reduce heating value, solidifies bcos of


cryogenics

2 Mercury Poisonous to human, equipment and processes

3 Water Corrosion, reduce heating value, enhance hydrate


formation

1. Complete the simple process flow diagram of the natural gas liquefaction process
below

Compression, treating, dehydration , precooling and liquefaction/storage.

Name types of crude the phase diagram represents

Pure substances one liqid hc and other gas hc


retrograde condensate bcos at 90 evenly distributed

Gas well ( likely dry gas)

Briefly describe how a liquid level controller arrests liquid level problems arising in
the separator.

Edjeba Stream
B-IX-Stream 4
Component Composition
C1 7.81E-01
C2 9.04E-02
C3 1.12E-02
n-C4 1.02E-02
n-C5 4.10E-03
n-C6 1.70E-03
C7 1.10E-03
C7+ 1.00E-01
1.00E+00

1. Figure XII-1 above represents the phase diagram of Edjeba Stream. What
is the characterization factor of the Edjeba crude at 3500 psia if its gravity
is 36 0F API.
a. On the basis of this factor alone, what type of crude do you assess this crude to
be?
________________________________________________________
_
b. What is your classification of the reservoir fluid based on the API value
____________________________________________________________

In the separator, bulk of the liquid is separated out of the reservoir fluid at
a. Liquid-gas interface
b. Liquid accumulation section
c. Primary section
d. Secondary section

Briefly describe the phase changes the above hydrocarbon system in figure XII-
2 will undergo when subjected to an isobaric expansion at 2150 psia from 380 0F
to 110 0F.
How do you refer to the phenomenon that the fluid has undergone in question
20 above

21. In the separator, straining vanes are meant to


a. Straighten oil discharge
b. Straighten gas discharge
c. Guarantee laminar and steady gas flow in the secondary separation
section
d. Guarantee laminar and steady oil flow in the accumulation section

22. What is your estimated bubble point pressure of a reservoir crude with
surface produced gas-oil ratio of 500 scf/stb? The separated gas and stock tank
oil have gravities of 0.7 and 32 API respectively. The reservoir is ascertained to
be at 250 0F

1. Give the functions of the followings in emulsion formation, stability or treatment

No. Item Function

a Emulsifier

Entrained Water
b

c Free Water

d Agitation

e Storage Processes
f Heat

g Chemicals

h High Fluid Pumping Rate

2. Below is a pair of hydrocarbon products from a typical tank farm vapour recovery plant

a. Liquid Vapour and LNG


b. LNG and LPG
c. LPG and Liquid Vapour
d. LPG and Petrol

3. What is the name of the refrigeration system employed in the liquefaction of


natural gas at the
Bonny NLNG? ____________________________propane pre cooled mrc
mtd____________________________________

4. Sketch and label a block diagram of the above refrigeration process ONLY to
REFLECT the meaning of the name

5. A well gas stream of 0.85 specific gravity flow 21 mm scf/day at 3100 psig and
84 0F to a processing center 47 km away from the well through Transnet
Pipeline. The processing center equipment are rated at 1000 psig and 35 0F.
a. What is this gas stream entry temperature into the processing plant at the
plant operating pressure ?
b. If the temperature in 8(a) above is different from the designed processing
plant temperature, choose the appropriate and most cost effective
processing equipment to rectify the imbalance and sketch process flow
diagram relating ONLY to your equipment indicating appropriate
thermodynamic variables.

c. Will this transportation need any hydrate formation prevention?

d. If the gas were to be dehydrated to 6 lb.H2O/mm.scf with a TEG at the


processing center, what will be the removal rate of water?.
Identify the reservoir hydrocarbon fluids that the following phases represent
Dry Gas, retrograde condensate, wet gas

6. Determine the Bubble point pressure of a newly discovered field whose oil
has 300 API gravity with 0.7 specific gravity gas. The reservoir temperature is
1850 F and its gas-oil ratio is 350 scf/stb. Bubble Point
Pressure:____________________________________

7. How does an increase in temperature affect crude solution gas-oil ratio at


constant pressure. Increase in temperature leads to decrease in GOR at
constant pressure

8. What devices would you employ in the following sections of a typical vertical
separator to ensure effective separation of foaming reservoir fluid

Primary Section Secondary Section Mist Liquid


Extractor Accumulation
centifuge Plates and baffles vanes Level controller,
dump valve and
vortex breaker

9. The separation of tiny liquid particles from gas is mostly effected by.
a. Primary separation mechanism
b. Gravity settling mechanism.
c. Impingement mechanism
d. Secondary separation mechanism

10. Equilibrium calculation is employed to Flash Vaporization which occurs


upon pressure reduction on a confined liquid mixture resulting in gas coming
out to occupy discrete region of its own without any contact with the liquid.
a. False
b. True
c. None of the above

11. Equilibrium calculation is employed to Flash Vaporization which occurs


upon pressure reduction on a confined liquid mixture resulting in gas coming
out to occupy discrete region of its own without any contact with the liquid.
d. False
e. True
f. None of the above

12. Various shades of liquids from gas are commonly referred to as


condensates. Explain the main reason for this.
Pressure reduction and temperature reduction leading to liquid
condensing out of the gas.
13. Generally system’s energy increase is associated with the system’s
a. Temperature increase and pressure increase
b. Temperature decrease and pressure increase
c. Temperature Increase and pressure decrease
d. Temperature decrease and pressure decrease

You might also like