EQUIVALENT Impedance Diagram

Redraw the equivalent impedance diagram

ZU = 0.09997 + 0.00257j

ZC1 = 6.45581 + 6.69373j

F1

ZC2 = 92.968 + 26.496 j ZC3 = 92.968 + 26.496 j

F2 F3

ZL1 = 60.424 + 604.244 j ZL2 = 60.424 + 604.244 j

SOLVING FOR , Short Circuit F3

Convert the Impdance Diagram to Thevenin's Equivalent Circuit.
Impress a Voltage of 1Ð0.

F3

ZC3
ZL2

ZC2
Zu
V=1 0

ZL1 ZC1

SOLVING FOR THE TOTAL IMPEDANCE

Zu =
ZC1 =
ZC2 =
ZC3 =
 ZL1 =
ZL2 =

SOLVE FOR THE TOTAL IMPEDANCE FOR F3

Ze1=ZU + ZC1 =
Ze2=ZC2 +ZL1 =
Ze3=Ze1//Ze2 =
Ze4=Zc3 +Ze3

ZT = ZL1 // Ze4

Rpu Rpu =

Xpu Xpu =

ZT Zpu = Ð degrees

Solving for the FAULT DUTY of the BUS and Isc -3phase
MVABase = 100 MVA
kVBase = 0.23 kV
ISC-3ph = MVAsc / (Ö 3 x kVBase)
MVASC = MVABase / ZT
MVASC = MVA ISC-3ph = kAIC
say = kAIC

Using Ohms Law to solve Ipu

V = IZ

Ipu
V Ð0
=
Zpu
1
Ipu =
0.0000
Ipu = pu

Solving for 3 phase Short Circuit for F3

Isc-3ph = Ipu x IBase

MVABase
IBase =
 IBase =
√3 x kVBase
IBase = 100
1.73205081 x 0.23
IBase = kA
ISC-3ph = Ipu x IBase
= x

ISC-3ph = kA
say kAIC

Solving for ISC -L-L FOR F3

Solving for the Equivalent Impedance for Line-Line

Since the positive sequence impedance is equal to negative

sequence impedance, the ZT for Line to line is equal to the
sum of the two impedances.

Z1 = Z2
ZT = Z1 + Z2

Z1 =
Z2 =
ZT =

ZT = Ð degrees

Using Ohms Law to Solve for IPU

V = Ipu x Zpu

Ipu
= V Ð 0
Zpu

1 1
Ipu = =
Zpu

Ipu = pu

The Line to Line Short Circuit Current is,

wherein V = 1 Volt ISC L-L = Ipu x IBase x

 = x x

ISC L-L = kA

Solving for ISC -L-GFOR F3

Solving for the Equivalent Impedance for Line to Ground

From the faulted bus, the zero sequence impedance is the

impedance where the fault current will travel to the nearest ground
in this case line to ground fault will travel from the bus
to the ground of the transformer.

Z0 = ZC1 + Zu + ZC3

Solving for the Equivalent Impedance for Line to Ground @ F3

ZC1 =
ZC3
Zu =
Z0 =

ZT = Z1 + Z2 + Z0
Z1 =
Z2 =
Z0 =
ZT =

ZT = Ð degrees

wherein V = 1 Volt

Using Ohms Law to solve Ipu

V = Ipu x Zpu

Ipu
= V Ð 0
Zpu
 1 1
Ipu = =
Zpu

Ipu = pu

ISC L-G = Ipu x IBase x

= x x

ISC L-G = kA

Summary of Calculated Fault Currents @ F3

ISC -3phase 0.0000 kA

ISC -L-L 0.0000 kA
ISC -L-G 0.0000 kA

Using Software Calculation : ETAP

To check the computation, we can

use SKM or ETAP
√3
where the fault current will travel to the nearest ground

the Equivalent Impedance for Line to Ground @ F3

degrees
3
3
UTILITY IMPEDANCES
MVABASE = 100 Zpu Rpu Xpu
MVASC = 1000 MVAbase / MVASC Zpu cos (tan-1X/R) Zpu sin (tan-1X/R)
X/R = 10 0.10000000 0.09996704 0.00256732

ZU 0.09997+0.00257i
=0
.
09
99
67
03
89
06
53
5+
0.0
02
56
73
20
05
39
31
63i
LUMP IMPEDANCES

Lump MVA % Total KVA RPU XPU Zpu

V PF X"d X/R
Load No. base MOTOR KVA (Motor)

L1 100 60.00% 38.672 23.20 230 0.85 16.7 10 71.97283 719.72831 723.31800

L2 100 50.10% 8.48 4.25 230 0.85 16.7 10 393.08176 3,930.81761 3,950.42281
CABLE IMPEDANCES

Cable no. MVA Voltage Length Total Type of wire Wire

Set R/ 305 X/ 305 R X Z
Base (V) (m) wire Insulation (mm2)

C1 100 230 20 1 3 THWN 80 0.052 0.079 6.445815 9.792680 11.723699

C2 100 230 8 1 3 THWN 30 0.057 0.2 2.826242 9.916638 10.311516
C3 100 230 3 1 3 THWN 8 0.065 0.78 1.208590 14.503083 14.553354

C1 6.44581+9.79268j
C2 2.82624+9.91664j
C3 1.20859+14.50308j