Serial : 01 ND_NW_ME_Thermodynamics_100219

CLASS TEST

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CLASS TEST MECHANICAL

2019-20 ENGINEERING

Subject : Thermodynamics
Date of test : 10/02/19

Answer Key

1. (c) 7. (b) 13. (d) 19. (a) 25. (d)

2. (a) 8. (c) 14. (b) 20. (b) 26. (c)

3. (d) 9. (a) 15. (c) 21. (b) 27. (d)

4. (b) 10. (d) 16. (c) 22. (d) 28. (d)

5. (a) 11. (c) 17. (a) 23. (c) 29. (a)

6. (b) 12. (d) 18. (b) 24. (a) 30. (d)

 6 Mechanical Engineering

Detailed Explanations

1. (c)
Quasi means almost. Every state in quasi-static process through which system passes remains almost in
equilibrium.

4. (b)
The maximum inversion temperature of hydrogen and helium are 200 K and 24 K, so on throttling, the
temperature of both will increase.

5. (a)
For charging of an evacuated adiabatic chamber, Tf = γTL
where Tf = final temperature

cP
γ = c
V

TL = supply line temperature

6. (b)

T2 448
1− = 1−
700 T2

T2 = 700 × 448 = 560K

7. (b)

V2
dW = ∫ pdV = p(Vf – Vi) = 0.1 × (0.15 – 0.3)
V1

= 0.1 × (– 0.15) = 0.015 MJ = – 15 kJ

dQ = – 35 kJ;
dQ = dU + dW
– 35 = dU – 15
dU = – 20 kJ

8. (c)
Wnet = (T1 – T2) (s1 – s2)
= (723 – 353) (2.5)
= 925 kJ/kg

9. (a)
At constant entropy, the phase change of a saturated liquid does not take place by increasing the
temperature. Thus, the resulting state will also be a liquid.

10. (d)
Tds = dh – vdp
At constant pressure dp = 0

 dh 
So,   = T
ds P

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 CT-2019 | ME • Thermodynamics 7

13. (d)
Decrease in potential energy = Increase in heat energy
mgh = mc∆t
1 × 9.81 × 100 = 1 × 4186 × ∆ t
981
∆t = = 0.234°C
4186

14. (b)
(T1 − T2 ) 2000 × 300(600 − 400)
Loss of available energy = Q1T0 T T = = 500 kJ
1 2 600 × 400

18. (b)
∆ PE = mg (h2 – h1) = 50 × 9.81 × 40 = 19620 J

∆ KE =
1
2
( 1
)
m V22 − V12 = × 50 × (302 − 102 ) = 20,000 J
2
Q1 – 2 = 30,000 J
W1 – 2 = Work delivered – Work received
= 0.002 × 1000 × 3600 – 4500 = 2700 J
For non-flow process,
Q1 – 2 = W1 – 2 + dE
Q1 – 2 = W1 – 2 + dU + ∆KE + ∆ PE
dU = 30,000 – 2700 – 20,000 – 19620
= – 12320 J

19. (a)
From the relation,
Tds = du + pdV
0
dT P dT dV
ds = Cv + dV = Cv +R
T T T V
Upon integration,
dT
s2 – s1 = ∫ Cv T
800  0.65 
= ∫273  T
+ 0.0002 dT


800
= 0.65 l n + 0.0002(800 − 273)
273
= 0.6988 + 0.1054 = 0.8042 kJ/kgK

20. (b)
Revolutions made by the workpiece in 10 min,
N = 180 × 10 = 1800

0.3
Torque, T = Force × radius = 100 × = 15 Nm
2
Work done on the work piece
δW = 2πNT = 2π × 1800 × 15 = 169646 Nm(or J)
(work will be –ve sign since it is being done on the work piece)

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 8 Mechanical Engineering

δQ = δW +δU
δQ = – 169.64 + 125 = – 44.64 kJ

21. (b)
Internal energy U = f (T )
= Constant for isothermal process
∴ U1 = U2
Change in Gibbs free energy, for an isothermal process is

 P2 
∆ G = RT ln  P 
 1

For P2 > P1, ∆ G = G 2 – G1 > 0

∴ G2 > G1

22. (d)

Rmol 8314
Gas constant, R = = = 296.93 J/kg.K
Molecular mass 28

PV 1× 105 × 0.03
m = 1 1
= = 0.0348 kg
RT1 296.93 × 290

 T P 
Change in entropy, (S2 – S1) = m Cp l n 2 − R l n 2 
T P1 
[isothermal process → T1=T2 ]
 1

P2
(S2 – S1) = −mR l n
P1

4
= − 0.0348 × 296.93 l n
1
= – 14.324 J/K

23. (c)
Work done in 2.5 hrs = VIT

12 × 8 × 2.5
= × 3600 = 864 kJ
1000
Non-flow energy equation,
δQ = δW + dU
δQ = 864 – 1250 = – 386 kJ

24. (a)
n
 P2   T2  n −1 2
 P  =  T  n
1 1 PV

n −1 P
T2 P  n
=  2
T1  P1  1

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 CT-2019 | ME • Thermodynamics 9

T  n − 1  P2 
l n 2  = ln 
 T1  n  P1 

n −1 l n (T2 / T1 )
=
n l n (P2 / P1 )
n −1 l n(393 / 293)
= = 0.2118
n l n(6 / 1.5)
So, n = 1.2687

25. (d)
We know efficiency of Carnot engine operating between temperature limits TH and TL is
TL
η = 1−
TH
 T  T
∴ 2 1− L  = 1 − L
 TH  TH ′
TLTH
∴ On solving, TH′ =
2TL − TH

26. (c)
For the reversible engine: T1= 1400 K

Q1 T Q1
= 1
Q2 T2
E P T3= 300 K
For the reversible pump: Q3

Q3 T Q2 Q4
= 3 T2= 400 K
Q4 T4
Since, the entire output of the heat engine is utilized to drive the pump,
Q1 – Q2 = Q4 – Q3
T2 T
Q1 − Q1 = Q4 − 3 Q4
T1 T4

Q1 T1  T4 − T3 
Q4 = T4  T1 − T2 

Q1 1400  400 − 300 

= 0.35
Q4 = 400  1400 − 400 
Heat supplied to the reservoir at 400 K,
100 = Q2 + Q4
T2 Q
100 = Q1 + 1
T1 0.35

400 Q
100 = Q1 + 1 = 3.14 Q1
1400 0.35
∴ Energy taken from the reservoir at 1400 K,
100
Q1 = = 31.82 kJ/s
3.14

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 10 Mechanical Engineering

27. (d)
From the principle of energy conservation,
heat given by hot gases = heat gained by water
(mCp ∆t )gas = (mCp ∆t )water = heat transfer (Q )
mg × 1.08 × (180 – 80) = 0.25 × 4.186 × (60 – 30) = Q
∴ mg = 0.2907 kg and Q = 31.395 kJ/s

T2g
(dS)gases = mgCpg l n
T1g

 80 + 273 
= 0.2907 × 1.08 × l n   = – 0.078 kJ/K
180 + 273 

T  60 + 273 
(ds)water = mwCpw l n 2w = 0.25 × 4.186 × l n  
T1w 30 + 273 
= 0.098 kJ/K
∴Entropy production as a result of heat transfer is
(ds)net = (ds)gases + (ds)water
= – 0.078 + 0.098 = 0.02 kJ/K
Rate of increase in unavailable energy (or loss of available energy)
= T0 (ds)net
= (273 + 27) × 0.02
= 6 kJ/s

28. (d)
TH
(COP)heat pump =
TH − TL
800°C house 22°C
22 + 273
= = 14.75
20
QH HE HP
Power input to the heat pump =
COP
62000
= = 4203 kJ/h
14.75 20°C 2°C

1
(Winput)HP = W
2 HE
WHE = 8406 kJ/h
TL 293
ηHE = 1 − = 1− = 0.727
TH 1073

WHE 8406
QS for the heat engine = = = 11560 kJ/h
ηth 0.727

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 CT-2019 | ME • Thermodynamics 11

11560
Heat supply to the heat engine = = 3.21 kW
3600

29. (a)
(∆S )universe = (∆S )system + (∆S )surrounding
T2 Q
= mC l n −
T1 T
363 1× 4.18(90 − 0)
= 1 × 4.18 l n −
273 363
= 1.191 – 1.036
= 0.155 kJ/K

30. (d)
In the absence of any other information regarding vg and vf , the Clausius Clapeyron equation can be used
to determine the saturation temperature corresponding to the given pressure.
 ∂P  hfg ·P
 ∂T  =
 sat RT 2

hfg  1  T2
⇒ [ln P ]P
P2
1
= −
R  T  T1

P  h 1 1
⇒ ln  2  = fg  − 
 P1  R T1 T2 

250 2257  1 1
⇒ ln = −
101.325 8.314  373 T2 
18

 1 1
⇒ 0.903 = 4886.45  − 
 373 T2

T2 = 400.6 K
t2 = 127.6°C

„„„„

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