CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Food is one of the basic needs of a human. For us Filipinos, rice is the main food
served in our daily meal. Ninety per cent of the world’s rice crop is grown and consumed
in Asia. Although protein in rice is low, it is one of the highest quality cereal proteins.
Rice milling companies emerged one by one to distribute different types of rice. Milling
is a crucial step in post-production of rice. The basic objective of a rice milling system is
to remove the husk and the bran layers, and produce an edible, white rice kernel that is
sufficiently milled and free of impurities. Depending on the requirements of the
customer, the rice should have a minimum number of broken kernels.

Founded by Lita and Teodoro Galvez-Chan and established in 2013, TL3MJ Rice Mill
Corporation has been in the industry for quite a while. It was a family business with six
branches as of now here in Wakas, Bocaue, Bulacan. Five branches are located at
Intercity while the other one is located at Golden City Business Park. TL3MJ came from
the first letter of the name of each member of Chan Family. “T” stands for Teodoro, “L”
stands for Lita, “3M” stands for Ma. Christina, Ma. Veronica, Ma. Mato (Teodoro and
Lita’s daughters) and “J” stands for Jerome (Teodoro and Lita’s only son).

The siblings, Teodoro and Lita’s offsprings, are each currently handling the
branches at Intercity. While, the remaining one, TL3MJ Rice Mill Corporation is 1 774
sq. m. wide and for lease. The tenant of the land is currently handling the business
bearing its name. The rice mill has a spacious warehouse, operated by skilled and trusted
workers. Some of them have been in the business for decades now. It offers a number of
local varieties of rice and several imported varieties. They are striving to finally export
rice to another country.

Theoretical Framework

a. Mixed Demand Inflation

 The issue of distinguishing the essential nature-and basic wellspring of inflation
proceeds. Does inflation emerge from the demand side of the products, factor and
resource markets or from the supply side or from some blend of the two—the alleged
mixed inflation. Numerous financial specialists have come to trust that the genuine
procedure of inflation is neither because of demand pull alone, nor because of cost-push
alone, however because of a blend of both the components of demand pull and cost-
push—called mixed inflation.

The procedure might be started either by demand pull or by cost-push yet it can't be kept
up except if different powers likewise work movement. The significant distinction
between the two speculations of the inflationary procedure fixates on the responsiveness
of both the cash wages and costs to change popular. The individuals who trust that there
is wage and value adaptability in the economy contend for demand pull inflation; on the
grounds that such adaptability renders it outlandish for any cost incited inflationary
pattern to support itself.

Then again, the individuals who trust that wages and costs are not adaptable accentuate
the cost-push hypothesis or inflation. Neither one of the approaches taken independent
from anyone else ought to be viewed as a totally tasteful clarification of the reason and
nature of inflation—both the methodologies are supplementary instead of aggressive (or
option) as clarifications of the reason for inflation. The adjoining Figures indicate
instances of mixed inflation.

b. Cost Push Inflation

The hypothesis of cost-push inflation wound up prevalent amid and after the Second
World War. This hypothesis keeps up that costs as opposed to being pulled-up by
abundant demand are additionally pushed-up because of an ascent in the cost of creation.
Under cost-push inflation costs ascend by virtue of an ascent in the cost of crude
materials, particularly compensation. The theory holds that the fundamental clarification
for inflation is the way that a few makers, gathering of specialists or both, prevail with
regards to raising the costs for either their item or administrations over the levels that
would win under more aggressive conditions.
As it were, inflationary weights begin with supply as opposed to demand and spread all
through the economy. Inflation of the cost-push compose begin in enterprises which are
generally gathered and in which merchants can practice significant prudence in the
detailing of the two costs and wages. Cost-push inflation may not be conceivable in an
economy described by unadulterated rivalry.

Since this inflation is because of the powers of cost and supply, it isn't liable to simple
treatment in light of the fact that financial and money related measures may fix a cost
inflation just to the detriment of expanding joblessness and slower development. That is
the reason many cost-push inflation specialists advocate alleviation instead of end of
inflation.

The procedure of inflation is caused not by an abundance of interest but rather by

increment in cost, especially when components of creation endeavor to expand their offer
of the aggregate item by raising their honors or factor costs called cost-push inflation.

It is caused by the imposing business model components either in the work advertise
when there is wage-push or in the wares showcase when there is profit push yet for the
most part it is because of wage-push which builds the cost of generation and subsequently
costs. It has been watched as of late that in numerous nations guilds have turned out to be
intense so they can get wage increments relatively consistently significantly in abundance
of the general normal increment in yield per man-hour.

c. The Demand-Pull Inflation

The theory of interest pull inflation identifies with what might be known as the
conventional theory of inflation.

The embodiment of this theory is that inflation is caused by an over abundance of interest
(spending) with respect to the accessible supply of merchandise and enterprises at
existing costs.

As per classical's, the key factor is the cash supply on the grounds that as per the amount
theory of cash just an inflation in the cash supply is fit for raising the general value level.
In present day salary theory, be that as it may, demand pull is deciphered to mean an
abundance of total cash demand in respect to the economy's full business yield level. The
theory accept that costs for products and enterprises and in addition for monetary assets
are receptive to free market activity powers, and will, subsequently, moves promptly
upward under the weight of an abnormal state of total demand.

Business analysts like Friedman, Hawtrey, Golden Weiser, who see inflation as a simply
fiscal wonder, emphatically bolster this hypothesis of inflation caused by abundance cash
supply. The over abundance demand in the economy creates inferable from substantial
scale speculation use either in people in general or in the private segment, in this manner
surpassing the aggregate yield.

Because of this abundance demand, costs will rise and overabundance demand inflation
or demand pull inflation comes to exist. Therefore, we locate that as per this theory of
demand pull inflation, costs ascend in light of an overabundance of total demand over
existing supply of merchandise and ventures caused by an inflation in the amount of
cash—bringing about a fall of financing costs—expanding speculation uses and costs. Be
that as it may, demand pull inflation may likewise be caused without an inflation in cash
supply—when MEC or MPC goes up causing an Inflation in consumptions and
consequently costs. Since inflation is because of overabundance demand, it is viewed as
controllable by the demand lessening money related and financial arrangements.

Abundance demand approach is additionally created by Bent Hansen, Keynes, Wicksell

and Sweedish financial experts. Their view is that the general cost is dictated by the
aggregate interest for and add up to supply of products similarly as the cost of any great
is controlled by the powers of interest and supply for it.

As per them inflation is a circumstance caused by overabundance demand, in which the

aggregate interest for merchandise as estimated by the volume of cash offered is in
abundance of supply of products at winning costs. However, a more profound
investigation will demonstrate that there is almost no contrast between the two
methodologies, that is, the approach of amount theory bolstered by Milton Friedman that
overabundance demand is caused by abundance cash supply, particularly when it is
understood that abundance demand can wind up successful just by methods for an
expanded supply of cash.

Inflation is a dynamic disequilibrium process. It suggests an unfaltering increment in the

value level after some time. At the point when financing costs ascend to a sufficiently
high level, the interest for cash will turn out to be absolutely inelastic regarding the rate
of premium. Now there are not any more theoretical adjusts to be had, endeavors to
obtain finances either will be baffled or, in view of the resultant increment in loan fees,
will cause the relinquishment of different endeavors. At the point when the interest for
cash ends up inelastic, all assets are utilized for exchange purposes, and further
increments in the total demand would then be able to be financed just by a decrease in
uses somewhere else in the economy or by an inflation in the exchanges speed of cash.
Along these lines, eventually cash supply is the causal factor.

Statement of the Problem

General Problem

The researchers want to know the main factor affecting the post-production of rice
resulting to its low count. Post-production of rice is the main problem faced by rice
milling companies. Because of scarcity in the resources, the company have no choice but
to import rice from another country.

In the Philippines, politicians, news media, and even ordinary people often ask
why the country still imports rice despite the presence of IRRI and PhilRice. The
tendency to overstate the negative implications of research and the Philippines’ failure to
achieve rice self-sufficiency breeds cynicism on the part of policy makers and cast
shadows on policy support for rice R&D. To counter this growing doubt, it is important
to provide policy makers with some fresh insights into the impacts of rice R&D based on
precise analyses of recent data.

Specific Problem
Machineries/Technology

Technology is changing day by day. The technology adopted by the rice millers
here in this company is occupying more space, consuming more energy polluting air and
water and it is time consuming. As a whole the cost of production is high for the
technology. Some of the machineries are outdated or no longer use at all. Even a minor
problem can stop the processing of rice and affect the number of production.

Man power failure

There are times that some of the workers cannot execute their roles caused by
lack of motivation, sickness, misunderstandings, discipline and negligence resulting to
low production of the rice or not producing at all.

Power Outage

The loss of electric power greatly affects the production of rice because
machineries are powered by electricity.

Season

There are two seasons in the Philippines, rainy days and sunny days. The
production is good during sunny days (October-March). But the production is low during
rainy days (May-October).

Demand

High demand on rice greatly affects the count on production. For example, the
post-production of rice is in good number but compared to the public demand, it is low.

Scope and Limitations

 The scope of this study are the employees of TL3MJ Rice Mill Corporation
located at Golden City Business Park. The researchers doesn't requires any qualification
except the age of the respondents for the assurance that they know the current issue/s that
the survey will be tackling about. The researchers will interview only those people that
knows the system inside the rice mill corporation. It includes the secretaries, the laborers
and the classifiers. That's why we, the researchers, need the people who works for the rice
mill for atleast one year and above for the interview. Randomization is visible also in the
research, it doesn't matter if you are single or lady or man but the thing that only matters
is the experience at work. The researchers cannot guarantee the reliability of the outcome
of the interview for every person has different views and opinions. The interview that
will be happening in the near future is very important for the researchers to gather
information and get new ideas.

Significance of the Study

To Students

With the sudden change in our societal system it is undeniable that students
are affected too with the low post-production of rice. This study aims to broaden the
knowledge of the student about the situation so that they can adjust their needs and learn
how to adapt with this dilemma.

To Buyers
One of the major holder of the burden are the buyers. This research aims to give
alternative solution for the meantime and make them understand the situation. This aims
to find ways for them to lessen the burden they are facing.
To Workers
This might be essential for those who are working most for the rice mill
corporation especially for those who are sustaining their family. This research might help
them to cope up and find alternative solution so that it may not bring so much burden for
them. It is also essential for them to know the consequences of low production so that
they can prepare their selves facing this issue. This research also aims to inform them
what are the causes and precaution that the management was doing to increase the rate of
production.
Definition of Terms

1. Only important terms taken from the title, statement of the

problem, assumptions, hypothesis, and the research paradigm are to be
defined.
2. The terms should be arranged alphabetically and should be defined
lexically and/or operationally.
3. The operational definition may include measures or indices used in
measuring each concept

Review of Related Literature and Studies

Local

This is a comprehensive study of the impacts of research and development in

Philippine rice production. I examined the sources of rice production growth in the
Philippines from 1996 to 2007 by estimating a trans log production function using a
generalized instrumental variable estimator. Using a production framework, I analysed
the contributions of conventional and non-conventional inputs, and residual total factor
productivity to the production growth. Higher output growth was observed during wet
and dry seasons of 2001-2006 and 2002-2007 compared to that of 1996-2001 and 1997-
2002. Results indicate that non-conventional inputs such as irrigation, adoption of hybrid
and third generation modern inbred varieties, attendance at rice production training
sessions, use of high quality seed, and machine ownership were the main sources of
production growth in these periods.

Using a cost framework, I measured the contributions of public investments in

R&D, extension, production subsidy, and irrigation in reducing the cost of rice
production in the Philippines. I used the shadow share as a measure of marginal return to
public investments in determining the need for further investments. I also decomposed
the growth in total factor productivity of rice into scale economy, improvement in
capacity utilization due to public investments, and rate of technical change. Results
indicate that R&D has generated cost-savings and has improved productivity of rice. This
implies that further investment in rice R&D is essential. I also found that investment in
production subsidy is counterproductive which supports its phase-out. I also found
inefficiencies in extension and irrigation investments. This suggests that reforms in the
current extension system and a reorientation of the irrigation development strategies
should be implemented in order to reap the potential benefits from these investments.

”The Impacts of Research on Philippine Rice Production”.Flordeliza Hidalgo Bordey.

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy in Agricultural and Consumer Economics in the Graduate College of the
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2010

Foreign

In 1986 Vietnam started a transition process from a centrally-planned economy to

a market-oriented one with the launching of a programme of economic reform (doi moi).
One of the aims of this transition process was to promote the private sector. The
motivation underlying this aim was the recognition that central planning fostering only
state and collective ownerships failed to work and that the private sector may play an
important role in boosting investment and spurring economic growth.

The drop of the share of the private sector in Vietnam’s GDP may result from
inadequate private-sector investment. Table 1.1 reveals that private-sector investment in
Vietnam made up a relatively small portion of total investment outlays compared to state-
sector investment. Moreover, this portion tends to decline. If private-sector investment
continues to be inadequate, Vietnam’s economy will remain dominated by inefficient
state-owned enterprises (SOEs). As a result, economic growth will be hampered. This
poses an important question: what is the cause the inadequacy of private-sector
investment in Vietnam?

“Investment of Rice Mills in Vietnam”. The Role of Financial Market Imperfections and
Uncertainty This includes a brief introductory paragraph concerning the researcher’s
exploration of related literature and studies on the research problem. Le Khuong Ninh
geboren op 28 september 1965 te Can Tho (Vietnam).

CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH METHODS

Research Design

The researchers will make use of qualitative research design to gather

information and knowledge about the company’s background history and other useful
information for the research. Data collection that involves interview, observation, and
archival data. The researchers will provide questions for the interview. The interview will
be recorded and pictures will be taken if the informants agreed.

Research Locale

The interview will take place at TL3MJ Rice Mill Corporation located at Golden City
Business Park, Bocaue, Bulacan.

Research Participants/Informants

The informants are those people that knows the system inside the rice mill
corporation. It includes the secretaries, the laborers and the classifiers. That's why we, the
researchers, need the people who works for the rice mill for atleast one year and above
for the interview. Randomization is visible also in the research, it doesn't matter if you
are single or lady or man but the thing that only matters is the experience at work.

Research Instrument

The researchers will provide questionnaires to interview the informants.

 How long have you been working for TL3MJ Rice Mill Corporation?
 What do you think can be done to improve the post-production of rice at your
workplace (TL3MJ Rice Mill Corporation)?
  How can you improve yourself as a worker?


Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers asked the secretary of the rice mill if they can grace us little time and let
us conduct an interview about the rice mill’s history. Fortunately, they allowed us and
even let us record the interview and snap some shots of the rice mill.

The researchers conducted the interview on October 11, 2018 at their office inside the
rice mill at exactly 10 o’clock in the morning. The interview was recorded using voice
recorder in a smartphone. The researchers also took a picture while the interview is on the
process.

At an initial meeting, participants gave informed consent. The informants were then
informed that the researchers will be back the next day. Next, informants were given an
instruction that the researchers will be recording the process if they agreed and the
researchers reminded them that there is no “wrong” answer. These instructions, which the
researchers thoroughly explained we’re clarified before the start of the interview. The
researchers will interview the informants at their convenient time.

Informants were randomly picked. This design was used to control individual differences
in cognitive ability. The next day, researchers were informed of the time where and
where the informants are free. The time of the interview was ranging from 10:00 AM –
12:00 PM, it is a reasonable time for the employees dated October 11, 2018.

At their convenient time, informants arrived in front of the rice mill’s office (the location
was agreed by the management and informants) for the interview. Each participant was
given instructions, which were also clarified. The questions and materials had already
been prepared before the interview. So shortly after they arrived one by one, they
proceeded to answering the questions. Immediately after all informants had completed
the interview and their answers were recorded, participants were each given the
reassurance that the interview was solely for the purpose of the research. In addition, they
were told that their opinion will not be used against them and it will remain inclusive as it
can be. We then debriefed and dismissed each informant.

Data Analysis

 Describe analysis method and specific techniques that will be used

in the study depending on the type of research design (e.g. comparative
analysis, content analysis, etc.)

CHAPTER 3 - Findings and Discussions

The purpose of this study was to know the main factor affecting the post-
production according to the employees from a rice mill corporation. The
researchers made a list of the factors affecting the production while the
informants will pick one and explain the reason they picked the said factor.

The findings of this study are consistent with those of Green et al.
(1995), where short-term food deprivation did not affect some aspects
of cognition, including attentional focus. Taken together, these findings
suggest that concentration is not significantly impaired by short-term
food deprivation. The findings on perseverance, however, are not as easily
explained. We surmise that the participants in the 12-hour group gave up
more quickly on the perseverance task because of their hunger produced
by the food deprivation. But why, then, did those in the 24-hour group
fail to yield the same effect? We postulate that this result can be explained
by the concept of “learned industriousness,” wherein participants who
perform one difficult task do better on a subsequent task than the
participants who never took the initial task (Eisenberger & Leonard,
1980; Hickman, Stromme, & Lippman, 1998). Because participants
had successfully completed 24 hours of fasting already, their tendency
to persevere had already been increased, if only temporarily. Another
possible explanation is that the motivational state of a participant may be
a significant determinant of behaviour under testing (Saugstad, 1967). This
idea may also explain the short perseverance times in the 12-hour group:
because these participants took the tests at 10 p.m., a prime time of the
night for conducting business and socializing on a college campus, they
may have been less motivated to take the time to work on the puzzle.
Research on food deprivation and cognition could continue in several
directions. First, other aspects of cognition may be affected by short-term
food deprivation, such as reading comprehension or motivation. With
respect to this latter topic, some students in this study reported decreased
motivation to complete the tasks because of a desire to eat immediately after the
testing. In addition, the time of day when the respective groups
took the tests may have influenced the results: those in the 24-hour
group took the tests in the morning and may have been fresher and more
relaxed than those in the 12-hour group, who took the tests at night.
Perhaps, then, the motivation level of food-deprived participants could
be effectively tested. Second, longer-term food deprivation periods, such
as those experienced by people fasting for religious reasons, could be
explored. It is possible that cognitive function fluctuates over the duration
of deprivation. Studies could ask how long a person can remain focused
despite a lack of nutrition. Third, and perhaps most fascinating, studies
could explore how food deprivation affects learned industriousness. As
stated above, one possible explanation for the better perseverance times
in the 24-hour group could be that they spontaneously improved their
perseverance faculties by simply forcing themselves not to eat for 24
hours. Therefore, research could study how food deprivation affects the
acquisition of perseverance.

 Findings: This primarily includes the findings of the study presented

 in the order of the specific problem as stated in the statement of the
problem. It must be supported or verified with substantive evidence and
examples directly from the data.

Discussion: Explain why results occurred. Tie in results with existing research
and other literature. Describe the limitations of the study

CHAPTER 4 - Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations

A. Summary of Results
This describes the problem, research design, and the
findings (answer to the questions raised).
 For each of the problems present:
 The salient findings
B. Conclusions
In conclusion, the results of this study provide some fascinating
insights into the cognitive and physiological effects of skipping meals.
Contrary to what we predicted, a person may indeed be very capable of
concentrating after not eating for many hours. On the other hand, if one
is taking a long test or working long hours at a tedious task that requires
perseverance, one may be hindered by not eating for a short time, as
shown by the 12-hour group’s performance on the perseverance task.
Many people—students, working mothers, and those interested in fasting,
to mention a few—have to deal with short-term food deprivation,
intentional or unintentional. This research and other research to follow
will contribute to knowledge of the disadvantages—and possible
advantages—of skipping meals. The mixed results of this study suggest
that we have much more to learn about short-term food deprivation.
C. Recommendations
  They should be based on the findings and conclusion
of the study.
 Recommendations may be specific or general or both.
They may include suggestions for further studies.
 They should be in non-technical language.
 They should be feasible, workable, flexible, doable,
adaptable.
 An action plan is optional
References

Observe the referencing guidelines set by the American Psychological

Association (APA).

A. BOOKS

B. JOURNALS/PERIOFDICALS

C. ELECTRONIC SOURCES AND NON-PRINT MEDIA

D. UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS (Dissertation/Thesis)

E. OTHERS (E.g. handouts, speeches, manuals, etc.)

APPENDICES

Include here sample letter of intent and consent, sample questionnaire and/or
interview questions, etc.

NOTE:

1. All entries should be Times New Roman. Font Size is 12

2. Double space the text, but single space "table titles and headings, figure
captions, references (but double-spacing is required between references),
footnotes, and long quotations"
3. Margins must be at least one inch on all sides of the page except the left
margin which is wider i.e. 1.5 inches.
4. Ragged right margin must be used. An unjustified right margin is called a
ragged right margin for its appearance on the page. Do not hyphenate words at the
ends of lines, do not justify the right margin, leave it ragged.
5. Page should appear on the upper right corner. Paging should be continuous
up to appendices.