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Finite N corrections to the second order cumulant of pressure via the Optimized Perturbation

Theory on the Nambu—Jona-Lasinio model

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2015 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 630 012041

(http://iopscience.iop.org/1742-6596/630/1/012041)

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XXXVII Brazilian Meeting on Nuclear Physics IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 630 (2015) 012041 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/630/1/012041

Finite N corrections to the second order cumulant of

pressure via the Optimized Perturbation Theory on
the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model
Tulio E. Restrepo∗ , Juan C. M. Ramirez† , Gabriel N. Ferrari‡
Departamento de Fsica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis,
Santa Catarina, Brazil
E-mail:
∗
tulioeduardo@gmail.com, † jcamilomacias@gmail.com, ‡ gabriel.ferrari@ufsc.br

Abstract.
We show preliminary results for the second order cumulant of pressure at zero chemical
potential, using the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model beyond traditional large-Nc (LN) or
mean-field approximation (MFA). The main physical feature of this quantity lies on the
determination of the critical point (CP) of the QCD phase diagram on the T − μ plane. Our
calculations are done with the Optimized Perturbation Theory (OPT), which provides finite
N corrections even in the first non-trivial order of perturbation. Also, the OPT generates
dynamically the repulsive vector contribution, whose imposition in MFA has shown some
weaknesses. Nevertheless, the results from both, once compared with those obtained by lattice
QCD, suggest the need of a reformulation of the implementations near and above the critical
temperature.

1. Introduction
Effective theories used to describe compressed strongly interacting matter should, at first, include
vector channels [1, 2]. In NJL model, this can be easily implemented by adding a term such as
−GV (ψ̄γ μ ψ)2 to the original lagrangian density. However, GV should be fixed using the ρ meson
mass which, in general, is higher than the maximum energy scale set by Λ. At present, the vector
term coupling GV cannot be determined from experiments and lattice QCD simulations and,
theoretically, there is absolutely no consensus about its fixation.
On the experiments with ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions at SPS, RHIC and LHC energies,
there are some quantities that contribute to probe the phase structure of strongly interacting
matter and, in particular, to identify the deconfinement and chiral restoration transitions [3].
One of them is the second order quark number susceptibility at zero chemical potential, which
theoretical evaluation depends on the determination of the second order cumulant of pressure.
Very recently, Schramm and Steinheimer [4] have used the Polyakov-loop extended Nambu-Jona-
Lasinio (PNJL) model, obtaining unsatisfactory results for these cumulants above the critical
temperature. The main conclusion is that there should be a strong vector repulsion in the
hadronic phase and near-zero repulsion in the deconfined phase.
However, due to the Fierz identities, when going beyond MFA level one may induce quantum
(loop) corrections which mimic the physical effects caused by a classical (tree) term such as

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