Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine

Phase II / Committee V
Pathology

1- Which of the following findings is most useful for the staging of a tumor?
A. Presence of abnormal mitoses
B. Presence of necrosis
C. Pleomorphism of nuclei
D. Number of mitoses
E. Presence of metastases

2- A healed myocardial infarction is characterized by:

A. An infiltrate of eosinophils
B. Scar tissue
C. Giant cells
D. Dystrophic calcification
E. Cardiac amyloidosis

3- Which one of the followings is least specific in distinction of a benign neoplasm from a malignant neoplasm?
A. Rate of growth
B. Size
C. Mitotic rate
D. Metastasis
E. Invasion

4- Hyperplasia CAN NOT be a feature of:

A. Epidermal cells
B. Liver cells
C. Myocardial cells
D. Fibroblasts
E. Endometrial cells

5- Which one of the followings is the most common cause of cell injury?
A. Hypoxia
B. Chemical agents
C. Physical agents
D. Immunologic reactions
E. Microbial agents

6- Which type of necrosis is typical for brain tissue?

A. Coagulative necrosis
B. Fat necrosis
C. Liquefactive necrosis
D. Gangrene
E. Caseous necrosis

7- What is atrophy?
A. Increase in the size of cells in an organ
B. Increase in the number of cells in an organ
C. Complete failure of an organ to form
D. Shrinkage in the size of cells by loss of cell substance
E. Premalignant condition
8- Which one of the following statements related to hypertrophy is FALSE?
A. Hypertrophy results from increased amounts of cytoplasm and cytoplasmic
organelles in cells
B. Hypertrophy may occur as an adaptation to increased demand
C. Hypertrophy is reversible
D. Hypertrophy does not involve cell division
E. Hypertrophy constitutes an increase in the number of cells in an orga or tissue, which may then have
increased volume

9- Which of the following organs is the most likely to regenerate following injury?
A. Purkinje cells
B. Myocardium
C. Retinal cells
D. Liver cells
E. Glomeruli

10-Apoptosis can follow contact by a T-killer cell. Apoptotic cell fragments in viral hepatitis are known as :
A. Councilman bodies
B. Negri bodies
C. Asteroid bodies
D. Russel bodies
E. Foreign bodies

11- Non-inflammatory edema due to the Nephrotic syndrome results from

A. increased oncotic pressure within the vessels
B. decreased oncotic pressure within the vessels
C. decreased hydrostatic pressure within the vessels
D. increase in vascular permeability
E. irreversible injury of the tubuli

12- Which one is the result of over-exuberant production of scar tissue ?:

A. Granulation tissue
B. Ulceration
C. Dehiscence
D. Fibrosis
E. Keloid

13- Red infarct occurs in:

A. spleen
B. heart
C. lung
D. kidney
E. adrenal

14- Each of the following are examples of atrophy EXCEPT:

A. skeletal muscle following polyomyelitis
B. skeletal muscle following long term immobilization
C. thyroid following hypophysectomy
D. breast following pregnancy
E. brain of an 100 year old man

15- Which of the following cell types is LEAST sensitive to anoxia?

A. neurons
B. cardiac myocytes
C. small intestinal cells
D. proximal renal tubule cells
E. chondrocytes
16- Which one of the followings is the
ideal tissue fixative solution?
A. Xylene
B. Alcohol
C. Formalin
D. Acetone
E. Acetic acid

17- Which one of the following conditions may cause inflammation?

A. Creutzfeld Jacob disease
B. Yellow fever
C. Prion disease
D. Apoptosis
E. Radiation injury

18- Which one of the followings is an “inflammatory cell derived” mediator of inflammation?
A. C3a
B. C5a
C. Plasmin
D. Serotonin
E. Coagulation proteins initiated by Hageman factor

19- Which one of the following is not an example for intracellular protein accumulation?
A. Councilman bodies
B. Russell bodies
C. Neurofibrillary tangles
D. Mallory bodies
E. Eosinophilic droplets in renal tubular cells in proteinuria

20- Which one of the followings is not a component of granulation tissue?

A. Angiogenesis
B. Remodeling
C. Migration and proliferation of fibroblasts
D. Eosinophyls
E. Deposition of extracellular matrix

21- Eosinophils are specifically present in some inflammatory conditions EXCEPT:

A. Infections with metazoal parasites
B. Infections with Mycobacteria
C. Acute hypersensitivity reactions
D. Chronic allergic reactions
E. Repeated allergic reactions

22- Match the followings correctly:

a- Histamine producing inflammatory cells
b- Immunogloblin producing cells
c- Inflammatory cells related to parasitic infestations
d- Diagnostic cells of granulomatous inflammation
I- Epithelioid histiocytes
II- Eosinophyl leucocytes
III- Plasma cells
IV- Mast cells

A. a-I, b-III, c-IV, d-II

B. a-IV, b-II, c-III, d-I
C. a-III, b-IV, c-I, d-II
D. a-IV, b-III, c-II, d-I
E. a-I, b-IV, c-II, d-III
23- Match the followings correctly:
a-Abscess
b-Phlegmon
c-Pustule
d-Empyema
e- Ulcer

I. A purulent inflammation and infiltration of connective tissue without collection

II. Focal localized collections of purulent inflammatory tissue caused by suppuration buried in a tissue, an
organ, or a confined space.
III. The presence of pus in a body cavity.
IV. A local defect, or excavation, of the surface of an organ or tissue that is produced by the sloughing
(shedding) of inflammatory necrotic tissue.
V. A small circumscribed elevation of the skin containing pus and having an inflamed base

A. a-I, b-II, c-III, d-V, e-IV

B. a-III, b-IV, c-II, d-I, e-V
C. a-IV, b-III, c-IV, d-II, e-I
D. a-II, b-I, c-V, d-III, e-IV
E. a-II, b-I, c-III, d-V, e-IV

24- Which one of the followings stains positive with Congo red?
A. glycogen
B. epithelial mucin
C. fungus wall
D. amyloid
E. basement membrane

25- Those cells are the key cells in chronic and granulomatous inflammation, they reproduce locally, at the site
of injury, they produce numerous cytokines and they may present antigen to T-cells, producing specific
hypersensitivity reactions. What is the name of those cells?
A. Lymphocytes
B. Polymorphonuclear leucocytes
C. Monocytes/Macrophages
D. Eosinophils
E. Fibroblasts

26- Which one of the followings is related to peripheral vasodilatation rather than peripheral vasoconstriction?
A. Septic shock
B. Cardiogenic shock
C. Extensive blood loss due to trauma
D. Extensive burns
E. Diarrhea

27- Which one of the following reasons of shock is mostly related to disseminated intravascular coagulation
during its clinical course?
A. severe hemorrhage,
B. burns,
C. large myocardial infarction,
D. massive pulmonary embolism,
E. microbial sepsis

28- Which one of the following statements related to Amyloidosis is true?

A. Amyloid deposition in spleen may cause malabsorbtion
B. Fever and abdominal pain are major symptoms of senile amyloidosis
C. Amyloid deposition is a common finding in gastric carcinoma
D. Amyloid is a hyaline like material and gives apple-green birefringence when viewed under electron
microscopy
E. Amyloid deposition may cause organomegaly
29- Which one of the followings is NOT associated with apoptosis?
A. Enzymatic necrosis in pancreas injury
B. Involution during embriogenesis
C. Tumor cell death
D. Endometrial shedding in menstruel cycle
E. None

30 - Ischemia in the brain causes:

A. Regeneration
B. Fibrosis
C. Liquefactive necrosis
D. Gliosis
E. Granulomas

31- Which one of the followings has malignant potetial?

A. Hyperplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Agenesis,
D. Dysplasia
E. Fibrosis

32- Enzymatic fat necrosis is most commonly seen in:

A. Heart
B. Adrenal gland
C. Breast
D. Kidney
E. Liver

33- If the dead cell is digested by its lysosomal enzymes, it is called as:
A. Karyolysis
B. Otophagy
C. Phagocytosis
D. Heterolysis
E. Autolysis

34- What is the fifth cardinal sign added by Virchow ?

A. Redness -rubor
B. Pain (dolor)
C. Loss of function (functio laesa)
D. Heat (calor)
E. Swelling (tumor)

35- Which is the most common type of metaplasia?

A. Squamous-columnar
B. Fibroblast-chondroblast
C. Columnar-squamous
D. Fibroblast-osteoblast
E. Transitional- squamous

36- Decrease in oncotic pressure can be a result of:

A. Congestive heart failure
B. Cirrhosis
C. Arteriolar dilatation
D. Retention of sodium
E. Venous obstruction
37- Which type of necrosis is associated with myocardial infarction?
A. Coagulative necrosis
B. Fat necrosis
C. Liquefactive necrosis
D. Gangrene
E. Caseous necrosis

38- Auer rods are most commonly seen in:

A. Minimally differentiated leukemia ( MO)
B. Promyelocytic leukemia ( M3)
C. Acute myelomonocytic leukemia ( M4)
D. Acute monocytic leukemia (M5)
E. Erythroleukemia ( M6)

39- Which one of the followings is associated with monocytosis?

A.Acute bacterial infections
B. Parasitic infections
C. Tuberculosis
D. CMV infections
E. Drug reactions

40- In which one of the following diseases the neoplastic cells show TRAP ( tartaric acd resistant phophatase)
positivity?
A. AML
B. Policythemia vera
C. Hairy cell leukemia
D. ALL
E. Hodgkin lymphoma

41- Which type of polyp is precancerous ?

A. Hyperplastic polyp
B. Juvenile polyp
C. Lymphoid polyp
D. Adenomatous polyp
E. Inflammatory polyp

42- Which one of the following diseases is characterized with transmural, segmental involvement and
granulomatous reactions?
A. Ulcerative colitis
B. Crohn disease
C.Wilson disease
D. Whipple disease
E. Celiac sprue

43- Which one of the followings is seen in alcoholic cirrhosis ?

A.Acidophilic bodies
B. Mallory hyaline bodies
C. Crooke’s bodies
D. Balloon degeneration
E. Hyaline degeneration