1.) A diesel plant consumes 650 liters of fuel at 26oC in 24 hours with 28oAPI.

Find the fuel

rate in kg/hr.

SOLUTION:
SGat 15.6oc = __ 141.5__
131.5+oAPI
o
SGat 15.6 c = __ 141.5__
131.5+28
SGat 15.6oc = 0.887
SGat 26oc = 0.887[1-0007(26-15.6)]
SGat 26oc =0.88
Density of fuel = 0.88(1kg/li)
Density of fuel =0.88kg/li
W=m
V
V= 650/24
V=27.0833 li/hr
0.88= m/27.0833
m=23.83 kg/hr

2.) A boiler burns fuel oil with 15% excess air. The fuel oil may be represented by C 14 H30.
Calculate the model air fuel ratio.

SOLUTION:
Fuel + Air  product combustion
C14H30 +O2+3.76N2CO2+H2O+ 3.76 N2
C14H30+21.5O2+21.5(3.76)N214CO2+15H2O+21.5(3.76)N2

Theoretical A/F =21.5+21.5(3.76)

1

Theoretical A/F= 102.34

Actual A/F= 102.34(1.15)
Actual A/F=117.69 mol air/mol fuel

3.) A diesel power plant uses fuel that has a density of 892.74 kg/m3 at 15.67oC. Find the
heating value of fuel.

SOLUTION:
 SG = Density of fuel
Density of Water
SG =892.74/1000
SG =0.89274
o
API = 141.5 -131.5
0.89274
o
API =27
Q= 41,130+ 139.6 oAPI
Q= 41,130+ 139.6(27)
Q= 44,889.31KJ/kg

4.) A certain coal has the following ultimate analysis C= 69% H2= 2.5% O2=3.5% N2=5%
S=7% moisture=8% Ash=5%.Determine the heating value of fuel used.

SOLUTION:
Qh = 33,820C+144,212(H-0) +9,304S
8

Qh = 33,820(0.69) = 144,212(0.025-0.035)+9,304(0.07)
8
Qh = 26,961.45 KJ/kg

5.) A diesel power plant uses fuel with heating value of 45,038.8 KJ/kg. What is the density
of fuel at 30oC?

SOLUTION:
Qh = 41,130 =139.6 oAPI
45,038.8 = 41,130 +139.6 ( oAPI)
API = 28
SG15.6oC= 141.5_
131.5+ oAPI
o
SG15.6 C= 0.8872
SG30.oc= 0.8872[1-0007(30-15.6)]
SG30oc=0.8782
Density of fuel = 0.8782(1 kg/li)
Density of fuel = 0.8782 kg/li

6.) A diesel engine consumed 945 liters of fuel per day at 30oC. If the fuel was purchased at
15.5oC and 30oC API at P5.00/li, determine the cost of fuel to operate the engine per day.

SOLUTION:
SG15.6oC= 141.5_
 131.5+30
o
SG = 0.87616
15.6 C
o
SG = 0.87616[1-0007(30-15.6)]
30. c
o
SG =0.8673
30 c
o
V 30 c = SG15.6oc
o
V 15.6 c SG30oc

945_ = 0.87616
V15.6oc 0.8673
V15.6oc =935.44 li

Cost = P5.00/li (935.44 li)

Cost = P4,677.20

7.) A cylindrical tank 3m long and 2m diameter is used for oil storage. How many days can
the tank supply the engine having 27oAPI with fuel consumption of 60 kg/hr.

SOLUTION:
V = π /4 D2h
V= π /4(2)2(3)
V=9.42478 m3
SG15.6oC= 141.5_
131.5+27
o
SG15.6 C= 0.8927
Density of fuel =0.8927(1000 kg/m3)
Density of fuel =892.74 kg/m3
W= m/v
892.74 = 60/V
V=0.0672 m3/hr
Number of days =9.42478/0.0672
Number of days =140.23 hrs
Number of days=5.843 days

8.) Determine the minimum volume of day tank in m3 of 28oAPI fuel having a fuel
consumption of 200 kg/hr?

SOLUTION:
SG15.6oC= 141.5_
131.5+28
 SG15.6oC= 0.877
Density of fuel =0.887(1000)
Density of fuel =887 kg/m3
W= m/v
887= 200/v
V=0.22548 m3/hr x 24 hrs/day
V= 5.41 m3

9.) Given the following ultimate analysis; C=70% N2=5% H2=3% O2=4% S2=6% ASH=5%
moisture=8%. Using 25% excess air, determine the actual air fuel ratio.

SOLUTION:
A/F = 11.5C + 34.5(H-O/8) + 9.3S
A/F =11.5(0.7) +34.5(0.03-0.04/8) +4.3(0.06)
A/F = 9.1705(1.25)
A/F = 11.46 kg air/kg fuel

10.) A 650Bhp diesel engine uses fuel oil of 28oAPI gravity, fuel consumption is 0.65
lb/Bhp-hr. Cost of fuel is P7.95 per liter. For continuous operation, determine the
minimum volume of cubical day tank in cm3, ambient temperature is 45oC.

SOLUTION:
SG15.6oC= 141.5_
131.5+28
o
SG15.6 C= 0.877
SG45.oc= SG15.6oC [1-0007(t-15.6)]
SG45oc=0.877[1-0.0007(45-15.6)]
SG45oC=0.869
Density of fuel=0.869(1kg/li)
Density of fuel=0.869kg/li
Solving for fuel consumption:
mf= 0.65(650)
mf= 422.5 lb/hr
mf= 191.61kg/hr
vf= 191.61/0869
vf= 220.495 li/hr
Volume of day tank = 220.495 x 24 hrs
Volume of day tank = 5,291.88 li x 1m3/1000 li
Volume of day tank = 5.291.88m3 x (100)3 cm3/m3
Volume of day tank = 5,291,880 cm3
11.) A 650Bhp diesel engine uses fuel oil of 28oAPI gravity, fuel consumption is 0.65
lb/Bhp-hr. Cost of fuel is P7.95 per liter. For continuous operation, determine the cost of
fuel per day at 45oC.

SOLUTION:
SG15.6oC= 141.5_
131.5+28
SG15.6oC= 0.877
SG45.oc= SG15.6oC [1-0007(t-15.6)]
SG45oc=0.877[1-0.0007(45-15.6)]
SG45oC=0.869
Density of fuel=0.869(1kg/li)
Density of fuel=0.869kg/li
Solving for fuel consumption:
mf= 0.65(650)
mf= 422.5 lb/hr
mf= 191.61kg/hr
vf= 191.61/0869
vf= 220.495 li/hr
Volume of day tank = 220.495 x 24 hrs
Volume of day tank = 5,291.88 li
Cost of fuel per day = 5,291.88 li x P7.95/li
Cost of fuel per day = P42,070.45

12.) A logging firm in Isabela operates a Diesel Electric Plant to supply its electric
energy requirements. During a 24 hour period a 24 hour period, the plant consumed 250
gallons of fuel at 80oF and produced 2700 KW-hrs.Industrial fuel used is 30oAPI and was
purchased at P3.00/li at 60oF. Determine cost of fuel to produce one Kwh.

SOLUTION:
60oF =15.6oC
80oF =26.6 oC
SG15.6oC= 141.5_
131.5+30
o
SG15.6 C= 0.876
SG26.6oc= 0.876[1-0007(26.67-15.56)]
SG26.6oc=0.869
At 26.6oC, mf=250gal/24hrsx3.785 li/gal
At 26.6oC, mf=39.431 li/hr
Load=2700/24
Load =112.5 KW

Cost per KW-hr= 39.116xP3.00/li

112.5
Cost per KW-hr=P1.043/KW-h
13.) A logging firm in isabela operates of Diesel Electric Plant to supply its electric
energy requirements. During a 24 hour period, the plant consumed 250 gallons of fuel at
80oF and produced 2700 KW-hrs.Industrial fuel used is 30oAPI and was purchased at
P3.00/li at 60oF.Determine the overall thermal efficiency of the plant.

SOLUTION:
Qh=41,130+139.6xoAPI
Qh=41,130+139(30)
Qh=45,318 KJ/kg
60oF =15.6oC
60oF =26.6oC
SG15.6oC= 141.5_
131.5+30
SG15.6oC= 0.876
SG26.6oc= 0.876[1-0007(26.67-15.56)]
SG26.6oc=0.869
At 26.6oC, mf=250gal/24hrsx3.785 li/gal
At 26.6oC, mf=39.431 li/hr
Load=2700/24
Load =112.5 KW
mf=39.431 li/hr x 0.869kg/li x 1hr/3600sec
mf=0.00952 kg/sec

Overall Efficiency= POWER OUTPUT

mfQh
Overall Efficiency= 112.5___
0.00952(45318)
Overall Efficiency=26.08

14.) A diesel electric plant in one of the remote provinces in the South utilizes diesel
fuel with an oAPI of 28 at 15.6oC. The plant consumes 680 liters of diesel fuel at 26.6oC.
in 24 hrs, while the power generated for the same period amounts to 1,980 KW-hrs.
Determine overall thermal efficiency of the plant.

SOLUTION:
SG15.6 oC = 141.5
131.5+28
o
SG15.6 C = 0.887
SG26.6 oC = 0.887(1-0.0007(26.6-15.6)
SG26.6 oC =0.88
Density=0.88x1kg/li
Density=0.88kg/li
Mass of fuel=680(0.88)/24
 Mass of fuel=24.933 kg/hr
Qh=41,130+139.6(oAPI)
Qh=41,130+139.6(28)
Qh=45,039KJ/kg

Overall Efficiency=POWER OUTPUT

mfQh
Overall Efficiency= 82.5__________
(24.933/3600)(45.039)
Overall Efficiency= 26.47%

15.) A steam generator burns fuel oil with 20% excess air. The fuel oil may be
represented by C14 H30. The fuel gases leave the preheater at 0.31 Mpa. Determine the
actual air-fuel ratio in kg air per kg fuel.

SOLUTION:
Fuel + Air  product combustion
C14H30 +O2+3.76N2CO2+H2O+ 3.76 N2
C14H30+21.5O2+21.5(3.76)N214CO2+15H2O+21.5(3.76)N2

Theoretical A/F =21.5(32)+21.5(3.76)(28)

14(12)+30(1)

Theoretical A/F=14.91 kg air/kg fuel

Actual A/F=14.91(1.2)
Actual A/F=17.89 kg air/kg fuel

16.) A steam generator burns fuel oil with 20% excess air. The fuel oil may be
represented by C14 H30. The fuel gas leaves the preheater at 0.31 Mpa. Determine partial
pressure of H2O.

SOLUTION:
Fuel + Air  product combustion
C14H30 +O2+3.76N2CO2+H2O+ 3.76 N2
C14H30+21.5O2+21.5(3.76)N214CO2+15H2O+21.5(3.76)N2

Combustion reaction with 20% excess air:

C14H30 +1.20(21.5)O2+1.2(21.5)(3.76)N214CO2+ 15 H2O+1.2(21.5)( 3.76)
N2+0.20(21.5)O2

Total mols of product =14+15+1.2(21.5)(3.76)+0.2(21.5)

Total mols of product =130.308 mols
Partial pressure of H2O= (15/130.308)(0.31)
Partial pressure of H2O=0.0357Mpa
Partial pressure of H2O=35.7 kpa
17.) In the boiler design, it is desired to have the flue gas exit temperature above the
dew point. Estimate the dew point temperature of the flue gas produced by combustion
having the gravimetric analysis of: N2=71.84% CO2= 20.35% O2=3.61% H2O=4.20

SOLUTION:
Converting the given analysis of volumetric:
N2=0.7184/28=0.02565714
CO2=0.2035/44=0.004625
O2=0.0361/32=0.00112812
H2O=0.042/18=0.00233333

Total mols of product =0.025657+0.00462+0.001128+0.00233

Total mols of product =0.03374359

Partial Pressure of H2O= (0.0023333/0.337436)(101.325)

Partial Pressure of H2O= 7.006 Kpa
From steam table: At 0.007006 Mpa, tsat=39oC
Dew point temperature= 39oC

18.) The dry exhaust gas from oil engine has the ff. gravimetric analysis: CO2=21.6%
O2=4.2% N2= 74.2%. Specify heat at constant pressure for each component of the exhaust
gas in Kcal/kg oC are CO2=0.203 O2=0.219 N2= 0.248. Calculate the gas constant in J/kg-
o
K.

SOLUTION:
Converting the gravimetric analysis to volumetric:
CO2 0.216 0.216/44 =0.004909
O2 0.042 0.042/32 =0.001312
N2 0.742 0.742/28 =0.026500
0.032721 mols/kg-mol
Molecular Weight=1/0.032721
Molecular Weight=30.56 kg/kg-mol
SG=30.56/28.97
SG=1.055

19.) The dry exhaust gas from oil engine has the ff. gravimetric analysis: CO2=21.6%
O2=4.2% N2= 74.2%. Specific heats at constant pressure for each component of the
exhaust gas in Kcal/kg oC are: CO2=0.203 O2=0.219 N2= 0.248. Calculate the specific
heat of the gas in KJ/kg-oK.
 SOLUTION:
Cp= 0.216(0.203) + 0.042(0.219) + 0.742(0.248)
Cp=0.237 Kcal/kg-oC x 4.187
Cp=0.992 KJ/kg-oC

20.) A bituminous coal has the ff. composition: C= 71.5% S= 3.6% H =5.0% ASH=
8.2% O= 7.O%
W= 3.4 % N= 1.3%. Determine the theoretical weight of oxygen in lb/lb of coal.

SOLUTION:
Theo. A/F =11.5C+34.5(H-0/8) +4.3S
Theo. A/F= 11.5(0.715) +34.5(0.05-0.07/8) +4.3(0.036)
Theo. A/F= 9.8 lb air/lb coal
O2 in air by weight= 23.2%

Therefore:
Theoretical weight of O2=0.232(9.8)
Theoretical weight of O2=2.274lb/lb coal