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DISCUSSION

The purpose of this experiment was to study relationship of heavy metal removal and
pH. The following results were achieved after a series of jar test on two sample waters in
Table 1 and Table 2, treated with different coagulation dosage. In Table 1, all 5 jars water
sample were added with only 1.0 mL of coagulation dosage (PAC). Meanwhile in Table 2,
the Coagulation dosage was set differently for all 5 jars.

Actually,Jar tests have been used to evaluate the effectiveness of various coagulants
and flocculants under a variety of operating conditions for water treatment. . This procedure
allows individual polymers to be compared on such criteria as floc formation, settling
characteristics, and clarity. Generally, the best performing products provide fast floc
formation, rapid settling rate, and clear supernatant. Turbidity is essentially a measure of the
cloudiness of the water which indicates the presence of colloidal particles. The particles
should be making sure removed from the water before for the publics use (Ila, 2013).

Based on this experiment, the last jar (6) is serving as a control and no coagulant was
added. The coagulant doses increased in the containers from no 1 to number 5. In Table 1, as
the dose of coagulant increased in water, the residual turbidity improved. It is important to
note that the optimum coagulant dose is the dose which meets the specified turbidity. It can
be seen from Table 1 that the turbidity for beaker 1 until 6 had reading above 400 NTU
before. Then, after adding of coagulation dosage, mixing process and waited about 15
minutes, the turbidity reading were drastically decreased. The most optimum condition was
Jar 2 where it has turbidity 7.84 NTU and optimum pH 7.90 which was very suitable for
normal water condition.

In table 2, before adding the coagulation dosage with different dosage in each of the
jars, the turbidity was above 500 NTU. But, after the adding of coagulation dosage and
setting of optimum pH for every jar which was 7.90, still Jar 2 was the most effective because
have 6.21 NTU with 1mL of coagulation dosage. The addition of excess coagulant may
reduce turbidity beyond what is required but also could lead to the production of more sludge
which would require disposal (Campbell & Cervantes, 2012). Also, for manganese test to the
water sample in Jar 2, it has low reading of manganese which was 0.037 mg/L. Hence, the
water was safe to use and distribute to publics.
Jar testing is an experimental method where optimal conditions are determined
empirically rather than theoretically. Jar test are meant to mimic the conditions and processes
that take place in the clarification portion of water and wastewater treatment plants. The
values that are obtained through the experiment are correlated and adjusted in order to
account for the actual treatment system. Based on the data, it can be concluded that although
the turbidity was generally declines as the amount of the coagulation dosage which added
into the water but there was a point where more coagulation dosage should not be added. This
can caused and made the water more acidic (zane, 2005). As conclusion, after analyzed the
data, it was decided that the optimum dosage of coagulant for this experiment was 1.0mg/L.

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REFERENCES

Campbell, E., & Cervantes, G. (2012). A JAR TEST STUDY ON THE USE OF ALUM FOR
TURBIDITY AND NUTRIENT REMOVAL IN CANYON LAKE, CA FINAL REPORT.
Retrieved from http://www.sawpa.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/CL-Alum-Study-
Final-Rpt-12_2012-CSUSB.pdf

Ila. (2013). Jar Test Lab Report | Colloid | Chemical Substances. Retrieved March 12, 2019,
from https://www.scribd.com/doc/131655380/Jar-Test-Lab-Report

zane. (2005). Lab Jar Testing. Retrieved from http://www.engr.mun.ca/~baiyu/ENGI


9628_files/Winter 2015/Lab5.pdf

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