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TOTAL LENGTH CALCULATIONS FOR A PIPE SEGMENT INCLUDING VALVES AND FITTINGS

EQUIVALENT LENGTH CALCULATIONS FOR VALVES AND FITTINGS BASED ON GPSA ENGG. DATA BOOK (11TH ED.), PIPE
FLOW - A PRACTICAL & COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE (by Donald C. Rennels & Hobart M. Hudson) and CRANE TECHNICAL
PAPER No. 410M (1982 ED.)

Remarks
Project Number
Line Number

From

To

P & ID NO.
Nominal Pipe Diameter (D) inches 4
Fittings Number Le, (m)
Reduced Bore 40mm and smaller 65 D
Ball Valve Reduced Bore 50mm and Larger 45 D 13 59.4
Full bore 3D
Standard bore 13 D
Gate Valve
Reduce bore 40mm and smaller 65 D
Straight pattern 340 D
Globe Valve Y pattern 160 D
Angle Pattern 145 D
Swing Type 135 D
Check Valve
Ball or piston Type, 40mm and smaller 340 D
Plug valve Regular Pattern 45 D
Butterfly Valve 6 inches and larger 20 D
Flow straight through 20 D
Tee - equal
Flow through side outlet 65 D 1 6.6
90°, R=1.5D 20 D 12 24.4
Elbow
45°, R=1.5D 16 D
90°, R=4D 14 D
90°, R=5D 16 D
Bend
180°, R=4D 25 D
180°, R=5D 28 D
Strainer Pump suction Y type and bucket type 250 D
Product outlet nozzle vessel/tank 32 D
Nozzle
Product inlet nozzle vessel/tank 64 D
Larger Dia. x Smaller Dia.
Concentric 6x4 1 1.9
Expander
Concentric 4x3 1 0.1
Reducer
Sudden
Expansion
Sudden 4x2 1 1.0
Contraction
Straight Length for entered Nominal Pipe Diameter (D), m 571.0
Total Equivalent Length for Fittings, m 93.4
Total Length (Equivalent Length + Straight Length), m 664.4

PREP'D BY: CHK'D BY: APP'D BY: DATE:

Prepared by: Ankur Srivastava


Chemical Engineer
e-mail: ankur_2061@hotmail.com
Disclaimer: The information and methods included within this spreadsheet are presented for 'Total Length Calcs for Pipes,
Valves and Fittings'. It is intended to be used by technically skilled persons at their own discretion. I do not warrant the
suitability or accuracy of these methods.

Revision History
1st Issue
1. Formuals used in "Reducers & Expanders" worksheet for resistance coefficient were as folows:
a. Equation 3.18 for concentric reducers from "Crane Technical Paper 410M".
b. Equation 3.17 for concentric expanders from "Crane Technical Paper 410M".

Rev. A

SHEET 1 OF 11
Formuals used in "Reducers & Expanders" worksheet for resistance coefficient are completely new taken from the book:
"Pipe Flow - A Practical & Comprehensive Guide" by Donald C. Rennels & Hobart M. Hudson
Refer the worksheet - "K_for_Conc_Reducers_Expanders" for the highlighted formulas and for the included angle

SHEET 2 OF 11
Concentric Reducer
Refer worksheet "K_for_Conc_Reducers_Expanders" for formulas for loss or resistance
coefficient for Concentric Reducers
In the figure: FLOW
K1 = Resistance coefficient based on smaller diameter
d
q = included angle in degrees D θ
b=d/D
where:
d = smaller diameter, inches
D = larger diameter, inches
REDUCER

Concentric Expander L
Refer worksheet "K_for_Conc_Reducers_Expanders" for formulas for loss or resistance
D
coefficient for Concentric Expanders

Equation for Equivalent Length


θ
K1
Le = ×d×0. 0254
Ft

FLOW
L

where
Le = Equivalent length in m
d = smaller diameter in inches
Ft = Friction factor for turbulent flow EXPANDER
d
Pipe Friction Data for Clean Commercial Steel Pipe with Flow in Zone of Complete Turbulence
Line NB Ft (From A-26, Crane Technical Paper No. 410M)
inch
1 0.023
1.5 0.021
2 0.019
3 0.018
4 0.017
6 0.015
8 0.014
10 0.014
12 0.013
14 0.013
16 0.013
18 0.012
20 0.012
24 0.012
30 0.011
36 0.011

CONCENTRIC REDUCER
Values of D, d and L from ASME B16.9-2003 (page 17-18)
Nominal Nominal Larger Dia. Smaller Diameter Length L, Included Friction Jet Contraction Resistance Equivalent
Pipe Size, Pipe Size D, inches dia. d, Ratio (b = d/D) in. concentric Factor for Ratio, λ Coefficient length, Le,
inches (smaller inches Angle q, ° turbulent based on m
dia), inches flow, Ft smaller dia., K1
2x1 1 2.374 1.315 0.554 3 33 0.023 1.142 0.05 0.08
2 x 1.5 1.5 2.374 1.902 0.801 3 15 0.021 1.051 0.02 0.05
3 x 1.5 1.5 3.5 1.902 0.543 3.5 42 0.021 1.173 0.07 0.16
3x2 2 3.5 2.374 0.678 3.5 30 0.019 1.117 0.04 0.13
4x2 2 4.5 2.374 0.528 4 48 0.019 1.195 0.08 0.26
4x3 3 4.5 3.5 0.778 4 24 0.018 1.079 0.03 0.12
6x3 3 6.626 3.5 0.528 5.5 51 0.018 1.205 0.09 0.44
6x4 4 6.626 4.5 0.679 5.5 36 0.017 1.134 0.05 0.32
8x6 6 8.626 6.626 0.768 6 31 0.015 1.101 0.03 0.35
8x4 4 8.626 4.5 0.522 6 60 0.017 1.234 0.11 0.74
10 x 8 8 10.75 8.626 0.802 7 28 0.014 1.085 0.02 0.39
10 x 6 6 10.75 6.626 0.616 7 52 0.015 1.196 0.08 0.92
12 x 10 10 12.75 10.75 0.843 8 24 0.014 1.063 0.02 0.34
12 x 8 8 12.75 8.626 0.677 8 46 0.014 1.166 0.06 0.99
12 x 6 6 12.75 6.626 0.520 8 65 0.015 1.251 0.12 1.38
14 x 12 12 14 12.75 0.911 13 9 0.013 1.019 0.01 0.22
14 x 10 10 14 10.75 0.768 13 24 0.014 1.081 0.02 0.47
14 x 8 8 14 8.626 0.616 13 38 0.014 1.152 0.06 0.86
14 x 6 6 14 6.626 0.473 13 51 0.015 1.210 0.09 1.02
16 x 14 14 16 14 0.875 14 14 0.013 1.034 0.01 0.30
16 x 12 12 16 12.75 0.797 14 22 0.013 1.070 0.02 0.51
16 x 10 10 16 10.75 0.672 14 35 0.014 1.133 0.05 0.88
16 x 8 8 16 8.626 0.539 14 47 0.014 1.193 0.08 1.24
18 x 16 16 18 16 0.889 15 13 0.013 1.029 0.01 0.31
18 x 14 14 18 14 0.778 15 25 0.013 1.083 0.02 0.67
18 x 12 12 18 12.75 0.708 15 33 0.013 1.119 0.04 0.96
18 x 10 10 18 10.75 0.597 15 44 0.014 1.174 0.07 1.31
20 x 18 18 20 18 0.900 20 10 0.012 1.021 0.01 0.35
20 x 16 16 20 16 0.800 20 19 0.013 1.062 0.02 0.57
20 x 14 14 20 14 0.700 20 28 0.013 1.107 0.03 0.93
20 x 12 12 20 12.75 0.638 20 34 0.013 1.135 0.05 1.15
24 x 20 20 24 20 0.833 20 19 0.012 1.055 0.02 0.65
24 x 18 18 24 18 0.750 20 28 0.012 1.097 0.03 1.11
24 x 16 16 24 16 0.667 20 37 0.013 1.140 0.05 1.52
30 x 24 24 30 24 0.800 24 24 0.012 1.074 0.02 1.06
30 x 20 20 30 20 0.667 24 38 0.012 1.144 0.05 2.14

Page 3 of 11 ]
36 x 30 30 36 30 0.833 24 24 0.011 1.065 0.02 1.21
36 x 24 24 36 24 0.667 24 45 0.012 1.165 0.06 3.15

Page 4 of 11 ]
CONCENTRIC EXPANDER
Values of D, d and L from ASME B16.9-2003 (page 17-18)
Nominal Nominal Larger Dia. Smaller Diameter Length L, Included Friction Resistance Equivalent
Pipe Size, Pipe Size D, inches dia. d, Ratio (b = d/D) in. concentric Factor for Coefficient length, Le, m
inches (smaller inches Angle q, ° turbulent based on
dia), inches flow, Ft smaller dia., K1

2x1 1 2.374 1.315 0.554 3 33 0.023 0.43 0.62


2 x 1.5 1.5 2.374 1.902 0.801 3 15 0.021 0.04 0.10
3 x 1.5 1.5 3.5 1.902 0.543 3.5 42 0.021 0.53 1.22
3x2 2 3.5 2.374 0.678 3.5 30 0.019 0.24 0.76
4x2 2 4.5 2.374 0.528 4 48 0.019 0.60 1.89
4x3 3 4.5 3.5 0.778 4 24 0.018 0.10 0.47
6x3 3 6.626 3.5 0.528 5.5 51 0.018 0.52 2.57
6x4 4 6.626 4.5 0.679 5.5 36 0.017 0.28 1.87
8x6 6 8.626 6.626 0.768 6 31 0.015 0.14 1.61
8x4 4 8.626 4.5 0.522 6 60 0.017 0.64 4.29
10 x 8 8 10.75 8.626 0.802 7 28 0.014 0.10 1.55
10 x 6 6 10.75 6.626 0.616 7 52 0.015 0.45 5.09
12 x 10 10 12.75 10.75 0.843 8 24 0.014 0.05 1.01
12 x 8 8 12.75 8.626 0.677 8 46 0.014 0.33 5.21
12 x 6 6 12.75 6.626 0.520 8 65 0.015 0.62 6.96
14 x 12 12 14 12.75 0.911 13 9 0.013 0.01 0.23
14 x 10 10 14 10.75 0.768 13 24 0.014 0.10 1.98
14 x 8 8 14 8.626 0.616 13 38 0.014 0.33 5.10
14 x 6 6 14 6.626 0.473 13 51 0.015 0.99 11.12
16 x 14 14 16 14 0.875 14 14 0.013 0.02 0.46
16 x 12 12 16 12.75 0.797 14 22 0.013 0.07 1.78
16 x 10 10 16 10.75 0.672 14 35 0.014 0.28 5.48
16 x 8 8 16 8.626 0.539 14 47 0.014 0.57 8.96
18 x 16 16 18 16 0.889 15 13 0.013 0.01 0.42
18 x 14 14 18 14 0.778 15 25 0.013 0.10 2.82
18 x 12 12 18 12.75 0.708 15 33 0.013 0.22 5.46
18 x 10 10 18 10.75 0.597 15 44 0.014 0.45 8.85
20 x 18 18 20 18 0.900 20 10 0.012 0.01 0.38
20 x 16 16 20 16 0.800 20 19 0.013 0.05 1.64
20 x 14 14 20 14 0.700 20 28 0.013 0.20 5.38
20 x 12 12 20 12.75 0.638 20 34 0.013 0.32 7.95
24 x 20 20 24 20 0.833 20 19 0.012 0.04 1.63
24 x 18 18 24 18 0.750 20 28 0.012 0.15 5.53
24 x 16 16 24 16 0.667 20 37 0.013 0.30 9.45
30 x 24 24 30 24 0.800 24 24 0.012 0.08 3.97
30 x 20 20 30 20 0.667 24 38 0.012 0.31 13.15
36 x 30 30 36 30 0.833 24 24 0.011 0.06 3.93
36 x 24 24 36 24 0.667 24 45 0.012 0.34 17.47

Page 5 of 11 ]
Sudden Expansion & Contraction

Equations:

Sudden Expansion

K 1 =(1− β 2 )2 (Reference: Equation 2.9.1, Crane Technical Paper No. 410M)

Sudden Contraction

K 1 =0 .5×(1−β 2 ) (Reference: Equation 2.10.1, Crane Technical Paper No. 410M)

where:

K1 = Resistance Coefficient (based on smaller diameter)


b = ratio of diameters = d/D
d = diameter of smaller pipe
D = daimeter of larger pipe

Pipe Friction Data for Clean Commercial Steel Pipe with Flow in Zone of Complete Turbulence
Line NB Ft (From A-26, Crane Technical Paper No. 410M)
inch
1 0.023
1.5 0.021
2 0.019
3 0.018
4 0.017
6 0.015
8 0.014
10 0.014
12 0.013
14 0.013
16 0.013
18 0.012
20 0.012
24 0.012
30 0.011
36 0.011

Sheet 6 of 11
Equation for Equivalent Length

K1
Le = ×d×0. 0254
Ft
where
Le = Equivalent length in m
d = smaller diameter in inches

Sudden Expansion Sudden Contraction


Size d, in. D, in. b K1 L e, m Size d, in. D, in. b K1 L e, m
2x1 1 2 0.5 0.56 0.6 2x1 1 2 0.5 0.38 0.4
3 x 1.5 1.5 3 0.5 0.56 1.0 3 x 1.5 1.5 3 0.5 0.38 0.7
3x2 2 3 0.67 0.31 0.8 3x2 2 3 0.67 0.28 0.7
4x2 2 4 0.5 0.56 1.5 4x2 2 4 0.5 0.38 1.0
6x2 2 6 0.33 0.79 2.1 6x2 2 6 0.33 0.44 1.2
8x2 2 8 0.25 0.88 2.3 8x2 2 8 0.25 0.47 1.3
6x3 3 6 0.5 0.56 2.4 6x3 3 6 0.5 0.38 1.6
8x3 3 8 0.38 0.74 3.1 8x3 3 8 0.38 0.43 1.8
10 x 3 3 10 0.30 0.83 3.5 10 x 3 3 10 0.30 0.46 1.9
6x4 4 6 0.67 0.31 1.8 6x4 4 6 0.67 0.28 1.7
8x4 4 8 0.5 0.56 3.4 8x4 4 8 0.5 0.38 2.2
10 x 4 4 10 0.4 0.71 4.2 10 x 4 4 10 0.4 0.42 2.5
12 x 4 4 12 0.33 0.79 4.7 12 x 4 4 12 0.33 0.44 2.7
16 x 4 4 16 0.25 0.88 5.3 16 x 4 4 16 0.25 0.47 2.8
10 x 6 6 10 0.6 0.41 4.2 10 x 6 6 10 0.6 0.32 3.3
12 x 6 6 12 0.5 0.56 5.7 12 x 6 6 12 0.5 0.38 3.8
14 x 6 6 14 0.43 0.67 6.8 14 x 6 6 14 0.43 0.41 4.1
16 x 6 6 16 0.38 0.74 7.5 16 x 6 6 16 0.38 0.43 4.4
20 x 6 6 20 0.30 0.83 8.4 20 x 6 6 20 0.30 0.46 4.6
24 x 6 6 24 0.25 0.88 8.9 24 x 6 6 24 0.25 0.47 4.8
12 x 8 8 12 0.67 0.31 4.5 12 x 8 8 12 0.67 0.28 4.0
14 x 8 8 14 0.57 0.45 6.6 14 x 8 8 14 0.57 0.34 4.9
16 x 8 8 16 0.5 0.56 8.2 16 x 8 8 16 0.5 0.38 5.4
20 x 8 8 20 0.4 0.71 10.2 20 x 8 8 20 0.4 0.42 6.1
24 x 8 8 24 0.33 0.79 11.5 24 x 8 8 24 0.33 0.44 6.5
30 x 8 8 30 0.27 0.86 12.5 30 x 8 8 30 0.27 0.46 6.7
16 x 10 10 16 0.63 0.37 6.7 16 x 10 10 16 0.63 0.30 5.5
18 x 10 10 18 0.56 0.48 8.7 18 x 10 10 18 0.56 0.35 6.3
20 x 10 10 20 0.50 0.56 10.2 20 x 10 10 20 0.50 0.38 6.8
24 x 10 10 24 0.42 0.68 12.4 24 x 10 10 24 0.42 0.41 7.5
30 x 10 10 30 0.33 0.79 14.3 30 x 10 10 30 0.33 0.44 8.1
36 x 10 10 36 0.28 0.85 15.5 36 x 10 10 36 0.28 0.46 8.4
18 x 12 12 18 0.67 0.31 7.2 18 x 12 12 18 0.67 0.28 6.5
20 x 12 12 20 0.60 0.41 9.6 20 x 12 12 20 0.60 0.32 7.5
24 x 12 12 24 0.50 0.56 13.2 24 x 12 12 24 0.50 0.38 8.8
30 x 12 12 30 0.40 0.71 16.5 30 x 12 12 30 0.40 0.42 9.8
36 x 12 12 36 0.33 0.79 18.5 36 x 12 12 36 0.33 0.44 10.4
20 x 14 14 20 0.70 0.26 7.1 20 x 14 14 20 0.70 0.26 7.0
24 x 14 14 24 0.58 0.44 11.9 24 x 14 14 24 0.58 0.33 9.0
30 x 14 14 30 0.47 0.61 16.7 30 x 14 14 30 0.47 0.39 10.7
36 x 14 14 36 0.39 0.72 19.7 36 x 14 14 36 0.39 0.42 11.6
24 x 16 16 24 0.67 0.31 9.6 24 x 16 16 24 0.67 0.28 8.7
30 x 16 16 30 0.53 0.51 16.0 30 x 16 16 30 0.53 0.36 11.2
36 x 16 16 36 0.44 0.64 20.1 36 x 16 16 36 0.44 0.40 12.5
30 x 18 18 30 0.60 0.41 15.6 30 x 18 18 30 0.60 0.32 12.2
36 x 18 18 36 0.50 0.56 21.4 36 x 18 18 36 0.50 0.38 14.3
30 x 20 20 30 0.67 0.31 13.1 30 x 20 20 30 0.67 0.28 11.8
36 x 20 20 36 0.56 0.48 20.2 36 x 20 20 36 0.56 0.35 14.6
36 x 24 24 36 0.67 0.31 15.7 36 x 24 24 36 0.67 0.28 14.1

Sheet 7 of 11

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