U.P.

College of Law
Local Governments
2 Semester, A.Y. 2018-2019
nd

Atty. Maria E. J. Pia V. Benosa

Wednesdays, Fridays – 1:00 P.M.-2:30 P.M.
Malcolm Hall 203

Overview
This three-credit course is intended to provide learners a comprehensive overview of the
Philippines’ local government structure, authority, and function in the context of the national
governance framework. At the end of the semester, students are expected to identify with ease
legal issues in contemporary local government affairs, and formulate sound opinions on the
continuing responsiveness of the Local Government Code to stakeholder needs, and the
timeliness of proposed governmental reforms.

Class Policies

Conduct of Classes. Given the breadth of the subject matter to be covered, participation of every
class member is essential to the course. Students are expected to come to class fully prepared, and
may not rely on electronic devices or printed case digests during class discussions. Only
handwritten notes and codals are allowed on students’ tables.

Case Summaries. At the beginning of each class, students will submit printed summaries of the
assigned cases for the current session. The summaries should provide a very brief, concise, and
succinct statement of the facts, issue/s (only those that are relevant to the assigned topic), and
ratio decidendi of each case, and should not exceed five sentences. (Shorter is better.) Note,
however, that class discussions will not be limited to the gist contained in the case summaries
submitted. Feel free to use your preferred format (ex. table, timeline, simple outline, etc.) that can
best assist your review of the subject, as the submissions will be returned to you prior to the exam
period.

Attendance. Students who come to class 15 minutes after the start of the official class time shall
be considered late, while three late notations equal one absence. A student whose absences exceed
more than 20% of the course sessions without a valid excuse will automatically receive a grade of
5.00. In case of emergencies, the student concerned must present the original of his/her medical
or other certificate, and send a copy to the instructor through the e-mail address listed below.

Readings. Most of the assigned texts are primary source materials (Constitution, statutes,
Supreme Court decisions). Supplementary reading materials may be added to the class readings
during the semester. While there is no assigned textbook for the course, students are encouraged
to independently refer to the following materials:

• Aquilino Pimentel, The Local Government Code Revisited (2011)

• Dante Gatmaytan, Local Government Law and Jurisprudence (2014)

Grading Metrics
• Recitations, Reports, Short Quizzes – 30%
 • Case Summaries – 15%
• Mid-term Exam or Other Requirement – 20%
• Final Examinations – 30%
• Attendance – 5%

Consultation and Contact Information

Consultations are by appointment only. Please send a note in advance at evbenosa@up.edu.ph.

Course Schedule

• Mid-term Exam – March 29/April 3

• Deadline for Dropping – April 11
• Final Exam – To be confirmed

Course Assignments*
*The instructor is grateful for curricular guidance under the respective course outlines in Local
Governments of Prof. Ma. Gisella Dizon-Reyes, Prof. Dante Gatmaytan, and Prof. Victoria
Loanzon.

I. Introduction to Local Government

A. Constitutional Basis

1. Art. II, Sec. 25, 1987 Constitution

2. Art. X, 1987 Constitution

B. History

Alex B. Brillantes, Jr. and Donna Moscare, Decentralization and Federalism in the
Philippines: Lessons from Global Community.
http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/EROPA/UNPAN032065.pdf

1. R.A. No. 2264 (1959)

2. R.A. No. 2370 (1960)
3. R.A. No. 5185 (1967)
4. B.P. No. 337 (1983)
5. R.A. No. 7160 (1991) (Hereafter “LGC”)
6. Administrative Code (1987), Title XII

- Mondano v. Silvosa, G.R. No. L-7708 (May 30, 1955)

- De Leon v. Esguerra, G.R. No. 78059 (Aug. 31, 1987)
- Evardone v. COMELEC, G.R. No 94010 (Dec. 2, 1991)
- Secretary of Health vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 112243 (Feb. 23, 1995)

C. Basic Principles (LGC Secs. 1-5, 17, 25)

1. Decentralization
 2. Devolution
3. Deconcentration
4. Debureaucratization
5. Autonomy
6. General Supervision
7. Control

- Planas v. Gil, GR. No. L-46440 (Jan. 18, 1939)

- Radia v. Review Committee, G.R. No. 78973 (Jan. 29, 1988)
- Limbona v. Mangellin, G.R. No. 80391 (Feb. 28, 1989)
- Cordillera Broad Coalition v. Commission on Audit, G.R. No. 79956 (Jan. 29, 1990)
- Ordillo v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 93054 (Dec. 4, 1990)
- San Juan vs. Civil Service Commission, G.R. No. 92299 (Apr. 19, 1991)
- Ganzon vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 93252 (Aug. 5, 1991)
- Carpio v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 96409 (Feb. 14, 1992)
- Magtajas v. Pryce Properties Corporation, G.R. No. 111097 (Jul. 20, 1994)
- Drilon v. Lim, G.R. No. 112497 (Aug. 4, 1994)
- Joson v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 131255 (May 20, 1998)
- Pimentel v. Aguirre, G.R. No. 132988 (Jul. 19, 2000)
- Province of Batangas v. Romulo, G.R. No. 152774 (May 27, 2004)
- Batangas CATV Inc. v. CA, G.R. No. 138810 (Sep. 29, 2004)
- National Liga ng mga Barangay v. Paredes, G.R. No. 130775 (Sep. 27, 2004)
- Dimasangcop vs. Datumanong, G.R. No. 149848 (Nov. 25, 2004)
- Alternative Center for Organizational Reforms and Development (ACORD) vs. Zamora,
G.R. No. 144256 (Jun. 8, 2005)
- Province of Rizal v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 129456 (Dec. 13, 2005)
- Tan v. Perea, G.R. No. 149743 (Feb. 18, 2005)
- Bai Sandra Sema v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 177597 (Jul. 16, 2008)
- Province of North Cotabato v. Government Peace Panel on Ancestral Domain, G.R. No.
183591 (Oct. 14, 2008)
- Province of Negros Occidental vs. Commission on Audit, G.R. No. 182574. (Sep. 28, 2010)
- Kulayan v. Tan, G.R. No. 187298 (Jul. 3, 2012)
- Pimentel v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 195770 (Jul. 17, 2012)

D. Legal Personality, Nature, and Status (LGC Secs. 13-17)

1. Municipal Corporations
2. Territorial and Political Units
3. Special Metropolitan Political Subdivisions

- Municipality of Catbalogan v. Director of Lands, G.R. No. L-5631 (Oct. 17, 1910)
- Vilas v. City of Manila, 220 U.S. 345 (Apr. 3, 1911)
- Lidasan v. COMELEC, G.R. No. L-28089 (Oct. 25, 1967)
- Municipality of Kapalong v. Moya, G.R. No. L-41322 (Sept. 29, 1988)
- Abbas v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 89651 (Nov. 10, 1989)
- Basco v. PAGCOR, G.R. No. 91649 (May 4, 1991)
- Chongbian v. Orbos, G.R. No. 96754 (Jun. 22, 1995)
 - MMDA v. Bel-Air Village Association, G.R. No. 135962 (Mar. 27, 2000); See also: MMDA
v. Garin, G.R. No. 130230 (Apr. 15, 2005)
- Republic of the Philippines et al. v. City of Davao, G.R. No. 148622 (Sep. 12, 2002)
- Bagabuyo v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 176970(Dec. 8, 2008)
- Homeowners Association of Talayan Village v. J.M. Tuason & Co., et al., G.R. No. 203883
(Nov. 10, 2015)

II. Creation, Division, Merger, and Abolition of Local Government Units

1. Requisites for the creation of LGUs a. Land Territory
b. Population
c. Income
2. Plebiscite Requirement
3. De Facto Municipal Corporations
4. Division
5. Merger
6. Abolition
7. Settlement of Boundary Disputes

• LGC Secs. 6-15, 118-119, 384-386, 440-442, 431-453, 459-462

- Pelaez v. Auditor General, G.R. NO. L-23825, Dec. 24, 1965

- Lidasan v. COMELEC, 1967, supra
- Padilla v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 103328, Oct. 19, 1992
- Municipality of San Narciso v. Mendez, G.R. No. 103702, Dec. 6, 1994
- Tobias v. Abalos, G.R. No. L-114783, Dec. 8, 1994
- Candijay v. CA, G.R. no. 116702, Dec. 28, 1995
- Municipality of Jimenez v. Baz, Jr., G.R. No. 105746, Dec. 2, 1996
- City of Pasig v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 125646, Sep. 10, 1999
- Samson v. Aguirre, G.R. No. 133076, Sep. 22, 1999
- Sarangani v. Comelec, G.R. No. 135927, Jun. 26, 2000
- Cawaling Jr. v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 146319, Oct. 26, 2001
- Municipality of Kananga v. Madrona, G.R. No. 141375, Apr. 30, 2003
- Sema v. COMELEC, 2008, supra
- Aldaba v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 188078, Mar. 15, 2010
- Aquino III v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 18973, Apr. 7, 2010
- Aldaba v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 188078, Jan. 25, 2010
- Navarro v. Ermita, G.R. No. 180050, Apr. 12, 2011
- League of Cities v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 176951, Nov. 18, 2008, Aug. 24, 2010, Feb.
15, 2011, Apr. 12, 2011, June 28, 2011

III. Powers of Local Government Units

1. Police Power
a. General Welfare Clause
b. Closure of Roads
c. Reclassification of Lands
d. Abatement of Nuisance
e. Environmental Management
 f. Basic Services and Facilities

- Binay v. Domingo, G.R. No. 92389, Sep. 11, 1991

- Tatel v. Virac, G.R. No. 40243, Mar. 11, 1992
- Dacanay v. Asistio, G.R. No. 93654, May 6, 1992
- Patalinghug vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 104786, Jan. 27, 1994
- Tano v. Socrates, G.R. No. 110249, Aug. 21, 1997
- Lucena Grand Central Terminal v. JAC, G.R. No. 148339, Feb. 23, 2005
- Albon v. Fernando, G.R. No. 148357, Jun. 30, 2006
- Social Justice Society v. Atienza, G.R. No. 156052, Mar. 7, 2007, Feb. 13, 2008
- White Light Corp. v. City of Manila, G.R. No. 122846, Jan. 20, 2009
- CREBA v. Secretary of Agrarian Reform, G.R. No. 183409, Jun. 18, 2010
- The Learning Center and Sps. Alfonso v. Ayala Alabang Homeowners Association, G.R. No.
134269, Jul. 7, 2010
- New Sun Valley Homeowners v. Sangguniang Barangay, G.R. No. 156686, Jul. 27, 2011
- Boracay Foundation, Inc. v. Province of Aklan, G.R. No. 196870, Jun. 26, 2012
- Rimando v. Naguilan Emission Testing Center, G.R. No. 198860, Jul. 23, 2012
- Holy Trinity Realty v. Dela Cruz, G.R. No. 200454, Oct. 22, 2014

2. Eminent Domain (Const. Art. III, Sec. 9, LGC Sec. 19, LGC IRR Arts. 32, 36; Rule 67, 1997
Rules of Civil Procedure; DILG Opinion No. 10-1996)

- City of Manila v. Chinese Community of Manila, G.R. No. L-14355, Oct. 31, 1919
- Moday v. CA, G.R. No. 107919, Feb. 20, 1993
- Province of Camarines Sur v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 103125, May 17, 1993
- Municipality of Parañaque v. V.M. Realty, G.R. No. 127820, Jul. 29, 1998
- Brgy. San Roque v. Heirs of Pastor, G.R. No. 138896, Jun. 20, 2000
- City of Cebu v. Sps. Dedamo, G.R. No. 142971, May 7, 2002
- Masikip v. City of Pasig, G.R. No. 136349, Jan. 23, 2006
- Beluso v. Municipality of Panay, G.R. No. 153974, Aug. 7, 2006
- Brgy. Sindalan v. CA, G.R. No. 150640, Mar. 22, 2007
- Sps. Yusay v. CA, G.R. No. 156684, Apr. 6, 2011

3. Legislative Powers

a. Distinction between Ordinances and Resolutions

b. Enactment Procedure
c. Local Initiative and Referendum

• LGC Sec. 48-59, 120-127, 398, 511

• DILG Opinion No. 107-2003
• LGC IRR Arts. 107-114
• Rep. Act No. 6735 (1989)

- Casiño v. CA, G.R. No. 91192, Dec. 2, 1991

- Garcia v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 111230, Sep. 30, 1994
- Gamboa v. Aguirre, G.R. No. 134213, Jul. 20, 1999
- Vergara v. Ombudsman, G.R. No. 174567, Mar. 12, 2009
 - Newsounds Broadcasting v. Dy, G.R. No. 170270, Apr. 2, 2009
- Landbank vs. Cacayuran, G.R. No. 191667, Apr. 17, 2013
- Legaspi c. City of Cebu, G.R. No. 159110, Dec. 10, 2013
- Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 125416, Sep. 26, 1996

4. Corporate Powers and Liabilities

a. Corporate Powers
b. Negotiating and Securing Grants
c. Privileges
d. Liabilities

• LGC Sec. 22-24, 302

• Civil Code, Arts. 34, 2180, 2189

- Municipal Board of Cebu City v. Court of Tax Appeals, G.R. No. L-18946, Dec. 26, 1964
- Calleja v. CA, G.R. No. L-22501, Jul. 31, 1967
- City of Manila v. Teotico, G.R. No. L-23052, Jan. 29, 1968
- Province of Cebu v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 72841, Jan. 29, 1987
- Guilatco v. City of Dagupan, G.R. No. 61516, Mar. 21, 1989
- Municipality of San Fernando v. Judge Firme, G.R. No. L-52179, Apr. 8, 1991
- Fernando et al v. CA, G.R. No. 92087, May 8, 1992
- Municipality of Pililla v. CA, G.R. No. 105909, Jun. 28, 1994
- Feliciano v. Commission on Audit, G.R. No. 147402, Jan. 14, 2004
- Municipality of San Juan v. CA, G.R. No. 121920, Aug. 9, 2005
- City of Caloocan v. CA, G.R. No. 14500, May 31, 2006
- Fajardo v. Lim, G.R. No. 132388, Apr. 10, 2006
- Quisumbing v. Garcia, G.R. No. 1752527, Dec. 8, 2008
- Vergara v. Ombudsman, supra.
- Landbank v. Cacayuran, supra.
- Municipality of Tiwi v. Betito, G.R. No. 171873, Jul. 9, 2010
- Vicencio v. Villar, G.R. No. 182609, Jul. 3, 2012

5. Taxation and Fiscal Administration

a. Scope of LGUs’ Taxing Power and Common Limitations thereon

- Estanislao v. Costales, G.R. No. 96516, May 8, 1991

- Floro Cement v. Gorospe, G.R. No. L-46787, August 12, 1991
- Drilon v. Lim, G.R. No. 112497, Aug, 4, 1994
- Mactan Cebu International Airport Authority v. Marcos, G. R. No. 120082. September 11, 1996
- First Philippine Industrial Corp. v. CA, G.R. No. 125948, Dec. 29, 1998
- Figuerres v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 119172. March 25, 1999
- Palma Development Corporation v. Municipality of Malangas, G.R. No. 152492, Oct. 16, 2003
- Yamane v. Lepanto, G.R. No. 154993, Oct. 25, 2005
- Manila International Airport Authority v. CA, G.R. No. 155650, July 20, 2006
- Berdin v Mascarinas, G.R. No. 135928, July 6, 2007
- Petron Corporation v. Tiangco, G.R. No. 158881, Apr. 16, 2008
 - Smart v. Davao, G.R. No. 155491, Sept. 16, 2008
- Quezon City v. ABS-CBN, G.R. No. 166408, Oct. 6, 2008
- Lepanto v. Ambanloc, G.R. No. 180639, June 29, 2010
- Sta. Lucia Realty v. Pasig, G.R. No. 166838, June 15, 2011
- CEPALCOv.CagayandeOro,G.R.No.191761,Nov.14,2012
- Nursery Care v. Acevedo, G.R. No. 180651, July 30, 2014
- National Power Corporation v. City of Cabanatuan, G.R. No. 177332, Oct. 1, 2014
- City of Lapu-Lapu v. PEZA, G.R. No. 184203, Nov. 26, 2014
- City of Manila v. Colet and Malaysian Airline System, G.R. No. 120051, Dec. 10, 2014
- Batangas City v. Shell, G.R. No. 187631, July 8, 2015
- Ferrer v. Mayor Bautista, G.R. No. 210551, June 30, 2015
- Manila Electric Company v. City Assessor of Lucena, G.R. No. 166102, Aug. 05, 2015
- Alta Vista Golf & Country Club v. Cebu, G.R. No. 180235, Jan. 20, 2016
- Lanao del Norte Electric Cooperative v. Provincial Government of Lanao del Norte, G.R. No.
185420, Aug. 29, 2017
- International Container Terminal Services v. Manila, G.R.No.185622, Oct.17,2018

b. Real Property Taxation

- Quezon City v. Bayan Telecommunications, G.R. No. 162015, March 6, 2006

- Government Service Insurance System v. City Treasurer of Manila, G.R. No. 186242,
December 23, 2009
- Mactan Cebu International Airport Authority v. Lapu-Lapu, G.R. No. 181756, June 15, 2015
- City of Davao v. Estate of Dalisay, G.R. No. 207791, July 15, 2015
- Capitol Wireless v. Batangas, G.R. No. 180110, May 30, 2016
- Provincial Assessor of Agusan del Sur v. Filipinas Palm Oil Plantation, G.R. No. 183416,
Oct. 5, 2016
- National Power Corporation v. Benguet, G.R. No. 209303, Nov. 14, 2016
- Philippine Ports Authority v. Davao, G.R, No. 190324, June 6, 2018
- Herarc Corporation Realty v. Batangas, G.R. No. 210736, Sept. 5, 2018
- Alliance of QC Homeowners’ Association v. Quezon City, G.R. No. 230651, Sept. 18, 2018
- Metropolitan Waterworks Sewerage System, G.R. No. 194388, Nov. 7, 2018
- Cruz v. Makati, G.R. No. 201894, Nov. 12, 2018

See also: RA 10149 (2010)

c. Share of LGUs in the Proceeds of National Taxes

d. Credit Financing

e. Local Fiscal Administration

See also for relevant provisions: R.A. No. 7076 (1991) R.A. No. 7368 (1992), R.A. No. 7916 (1995),
R.A. No. 8185 (1996), R.A. No. 9009 (2001), R.A. No. 9178 (2002)
IV. Intergovernmental Relations (Sec. 25-38)

• National Government and LGUs

• Philippine National Police (R.A. 6975, R.A. 8551)
• Inter-Local Government Relations
• People’s Organizations and NGOs
• Local Pre-qualification, Bids, and Awards Committee

- De Villa v. Bacolod, G.R. No. 80744, Sep. 20, 1990

- Carpio v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 96409, Feb. 14, 1992
- Andaya v. RTC Cebu Br. 20, G.R. No. 126661, Dec. 3, 1999
- Canonizado v. Aguirre, G.R. No. 133132 (2000, 2001)
- People v. Crispin Velarde, G.R. No. 139333. July 18, 2002
- Rodriguez v. CA, G.R. No. 134278. August 7, 2002
- Bangus Fry Fisherfolk v. Lanzanas, G.R. No. 131442, July 10, 2003
- Atitiw v. Zamora, G.R. No. 143374, Sept. 30, 2005
- Province of Rizal v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 129546, Dec. 13, 2005
- Alvarez v. PICOP Resources Inc., G.R. No. 162243, Dec. 3, 2009
- Kida v. Senate, G.R. No. 196271, Oct. 18, 2011, Feb. 28, 2012
- Boracay Foundation v. Aklan, G.R. No. 196870, June 26, 2012
- Paje v. Casiño, G.R. No. 207257, Feb. 3, 2015.

See also: Art. XI-XIII, Bayanihan Federalism Draft Constitution, Consultative Committee to
Review the 1987 Constitution

V. Local Officials

• General Requirements for Local Officials and Employees

• Elective Officials
o Qualifications and Election
o Disqualifications
o Vacancies and Succession
o Resignation

- Unda v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 94090, Oct. 18, 1990

- Abella v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 100710, Sept. 3, 1991
- Macalingcag v. Chang, G.R. No. 96058, May 6, 1992
- Javellana v. DILG, G.R. No. 102549, Aug. 10, 1992
- Rodriguez v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 120099, July 24, 1996
- Mercado v. Manzano, G.R. No. 135083. May 26, 1999
- Valles v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 137000. August 9, 2000
- Bernardo v. Abalos, G.R. No. 137266, Dec. 5, 2004
- In the Matter of: Tess Dumpit-Michelena, G.R. Nos. 163619-20, Nov. 17, 2005
- Cayat v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 163776, Apr. 24, 2007
- Republic v. Rambuyong, G.R. No. 167810, Oct. 4, 2010
- Jalosjos v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 191970, Apr. 24, 2012
- Jalosjos v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 193237, Oct. 9, 2012
- Jalosjos v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 193314, Jun. 25, 2013
 - Maquiling v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 195649, Jul. 2, 2013
- Risos -Vidal v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 206666, Jan. 21, 2015
- Arnado v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 210164, Aug. 18, 2015
- Agustin v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 207104, Nov. 10, 2015
- Panadero v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 215548, Apr. 5, 2016
- Campol v. Balao-as, G.R. No. 197634, Dec. 28, 2016
- Maturan v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 227155, Mar. 27, 2017
- Albania v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 226792, Jun. 6, 2017
- Tan v. Crisologo, G.R. No. 193993, Nov. 8, 2017

See also: RA 10156 (2011), RA 9164 (2002), RA 8171 (1995), RA 9225 (2003), RA 8295 (1997)

o Recall (Chapter V, LGC; R.A. 9244 (2004))

- Garcia v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 111511, Oct. 5, 1993

- Paras v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 123169. Nov. 4, 1996
- Claudio v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 140560. May 4, 2000
- Adormeo v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 147927, Feb. 4, 2002
- Socrates v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 154512 Nov. 12, 2002
- GOH v. Bayron, G.R. No. 212584, Nov. 25, 2014
- Marmeto v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 213953, Sept. 25, 2017

o Term Limits

- Sandoval v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 154683, Oct. 5, 1993

- Montebon v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 180444, Apr. 8, 2008
- COMELEC v. Cruz, G.R. No. 186616, Nov. 20, 2009
- Monreal v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 184935, Dec. 21, 2009
- Mendoza v. Familara, G.R. No. 191017, Nov. 15, 2011
- Tea v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 195229, Oct. 9, 2012
- Talaga v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 196804, Oct. 9, 2012
- Abundo v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 201716, Jan. 8, 2013

- RA 9164 (2002), RA 10923 (2016)

• Disciplinary Action

o Ombudsman Act of 1989 (R.A. 6770)

o Administrative Order No. 23 (1992), as amended by A.O. No. 159 (!994) and A.O.
No. 66 (1999)
o RA 6713

- Bunye v. Escareal, G.R. No. 110216, September 10, 1993

- Bolastig v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 110503, Aug. 4, 1994
- Miranda v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 154098, July 27, 2005
- Espiritu v. Melgar, G.R. No. 100874, February 13, 1992
- Azucar v. Jarolan, G.R. No. 177878, Apr. 7, 2010
- Ombudsman v. Rodriguez, G.R. No. 172700, July 23, 2010
 - Tolentino v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 187958, Aug. 10, 2010
- Ombudsman v. Francisco, G.R. No. 172553, Dec. 14, 2011
- Alejandro v. Ombudsman Fact-Finding and Intelligence Bureau, G.R. No. 173121, Apr. 3,
2013
- Carpio-Morales v. Binay, G.R. Nos. 217126-27, Nov. 10, 2015

• Sangguniang Kabataan

- RA 8044 (1995), RA 10742 (2016)

- Marquez v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 127318. August 25, 1999
- Garvida v. Sales, G.R. No. 124893. April 18, 1997
- Zarate v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 129096. November 19, 1999
- Sambarani v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 160427. September 15, 2004]

• Appointed Officials

- Osea v. Malaya, G.R. No. 139821. Jan. 30, 2002

- Sales v. Carreon, Jr., G.R. No. 160791, Feb. 13, 2007
- Catu v. Rellosa, A.C. No. 5738, Feb. 19, 2008
- Montuerto v. Ty, G.R. No. 177736, Oct. 6, 2008
- Nazareno v. City of Dumaguete, G.R. No. 181559, Oct. 2, 2009
- Tolentino v. Loyola, G.R. No. 153809, July 27, 2011

VI. Local Special Bodies

• Local School Boards (Sec. 98-101)

• Local Health Boards (Sec. 102-105)
• Local Development Councils (Sec. 106-115)
• Local Peace and Order Councils (Sec. 106)
• People’s Law Enforcement Board
• Tricycle Regulatory Units
• Local Bids and Awards Committee
• Leagues of LGUs (Sec. 491-510)

- Ignacio v. Banate, G.R. No. 74720, Aug. 31, 1987

- Galarosa v. Valencia, G.R. No. 109455, Nov. 11, 1993
- Bito-onon v. Fernandez, G.R. No. 139813, Jan. 31, 2001
- National Liga ng mga Barangay v. Paredes, G.R. No. 130775, Sep. 27, 2004
- Sangguniang Barangay of Brgy. Don Mariano Marcos v. Martinez, G.R. No. 170626, Mar.
3, 2008
- Sison v. People, G.R. No. 170339, Mar. 9, 2010

VII. Katarungang Pambarangay (Sec. 399 to 420)

• R.A. 9285 (2004), Sec. 53

• Supreme Court Administrative Circular No. 1493
 - Uy v. Contreras, G.R. No. 111416, Sept. 26, 1994
- Corpuz v. CA, G.R. No. 117005. June 19, 1997

VIII. Penal Provisions (Sec. 511-520)