≤ÃÌÙ Ó£Ï≈  ≤ÃÌÙ §Çáƒy  çyl%Î˚y!

Ó˚ 2019

≤ÃÌÙ Ó£Ï≈ ≤ÃÌÙ §Çáƒy 1

 ≤ÃÌÙ Ó£Ï≈  ≤ÃÌÙ §Çáƒy  çyl%Î˚y!Ó˚ 2019

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2 ≤ÃÌÙ Ó£Ï≈ ≤ÃÌÙ §Çáƒy ≤ÃÌÙ Ó£Ï≈ ≤ÃÌÙ §Çáƒy 3
 ÎÑyˆÏòÓ˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçl#Î˚ §ÇáƒÜ˛ í˛y_´yÓ˚ñ ly§≈ñ fl∫yfliƒÜ˛Ù≈# !lˆÏÎ˚yà ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ ܲÌy
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6 ˆÌˆÏܲ 7 •yçyÓ˚ ê˛yܲy– ã˛yܲ!Ó˚Ó˚ x˲yˆÏÓ ~Ùl!ܲ !í˛ˆÏ≤’yÙyôyÓ˚# •z!O!lÎ˚yÓ˚ñ
ˆ˛õyfiê˛ÈüÈ@˝Ãƒyç%ˆÏÎ˚ê˛Ó˚yG ˛õyˆÏFSÈl 10˘12 •yçyÓ˚ ê˛yܲy– ˆ§•z ˆÓï˛lG ≤ÃyÎ˚•z
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4 ≤ÃÌÙ Ó£Ï≈ ≤ÃÌÙ §Çáƒy
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xƒy!çÌ y° ≤ÃË,˛!ï˛ Ó‡ ÓƒÓ•*ï˛ G£Ï%ô=!°Ó˚ òyÙ ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ í˛zͲõyòl áÓ˚ˆÏã˛Ó˚ ˆã˛ˆÏÎ˚
àˆÏí˛¸ ≤ÃyÎ˚ 1123% ˆÓ!¢ òyˆÏÙ !Ó!e´ ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏFSÈ– ~•z !Ó˛õ%° Ù%lyÊ˛yÓ˚
x!ôܲyÇ¢•z ã˛ˆÏ° ÎyˆÏFSÈ !ÓˆÏò!¢ Ó‡çy!ï˛Ü˛ˆÏòÓ˚ •yˆÏï˛–
!ÓŸªÓƒyˆÏB˛Ó˚ í˛zòyÓ˚#ܲÓ˚îñ !ÓŸªyÎ˚l l#!ï˛ ˆÙˆÏl ~ˆÏܲÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ ~ܲ àˆÏí˛¸ í˛zë˛ˆÏSÈ
ˆÓ§Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ ˆÙ!í˛ˆÏܲ° ܲˆÏ°ç– ÎyÓ˚ §Çáƒy •z!ï˛ÙˆÏôƒ•z §Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ ˆÙ!í˛ˆÏܲ°
ܲˆÏ°ç=!°ˆÏܲ SÈy!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ ˆàˆÏSÈ– 40ÈüÈ50 °«˛ ê˛yܲyñ ˆÜ˛yÌyG ˆÜ˛yÌyG 1 ˆÜ˛y!ê˛
ê˛yܲy áÓ˚ã˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~•z§Ó ܲˆÏ°ˆÏç ˛õí˛¸ˆÏï˛ •Î˚– ~•z !Ó˛õ%° ˛õ!Ó˚Ùyî xÌ≈ ÓƒÎ˚
ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˛õy¢ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆÓˆÏÓ˚yˆÏly í˛y_´yÓ˚Ó˚y fl∫y˲y!Óܲ˲yˆÏÓ•z G£Ï%ô ˆÜ˛y¡õy!l=!°Ó˚
ˆÌˆÏܲ â%£Ï ˆll– !Óly ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçˆÏl òy!Ù òy!Ù G£Ï%ô ˆÓ˚yà#ˆÏòÓ˚ ˆ≤çe´y•zÓ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚l–
≤ÈÏÎ˚yçl SÈyí˛¸y•z ˛õSȈϮÓ˚ ˛õƒyÌ°!çܲy° ˆ§rê˛yÓ˚=!° ˆÌˆÏܲ x≤ÈÏÎ˚yçl#Î˚
˛õÓ˚#«˛y ܲÓ˚yl– ~Ùl!ܲ !Óly ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçˆÏl x˛õyˆÏÓ˚¢lG ܲÓ˚yl– ~Ó˚ Ê˛ˆÏ°
!ã˛!ܲͧyÈüÈáÓ˚ã˛ ˆÓ˚yà#ˆÏòÓ˚ §yˆÏôƒÓ˚ Óy•zˆÏÓ˚ ã˛ˆÏ° ÎyˆÏFSÈ–
1990ÈüÈ~Ó˚ ò¢ˆÏܲ !ÓŸªÓƒyˆÏB˛Ó˚ ¢ï≈˛ ˆÙˆÏl xyÙyˆÏòÓ˚ ˆòˆÏ¢ Ó‡çy!ï˛Ü˛
§Çfliy=!°ˆÏܲ ÓƒÓ§y ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ ì˛y°yG xl%Ù!ï˛ ˆòGÎ˚yÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ ˲yÓ˚ï˛ §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚
~ÓÇ Ó˚yçƒ §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚=!° xyÓ˚G Ó‡ÓyÓ˚ !ÓˆÏò!¢ }î !lˆÏÎ˚ˆÏSÈ– Ó‡ xyhs˝ç≈y!ï˛Ü˛
ã%˛!_´ ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏSÈ– xyÓ˚ ~•z§Ó }î G ã%˛!_´Ó˚ ¢ï≈˛ ˆÙˆÏl xyÓ˚G xyÓ˚G ˆÓ!¢ ܲˆÏÓ˚
ˆÓ§Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ܲÓ˚ˆÏîÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÌ ˆ•ÑˆÏê˛ˆÏSÈ– ◊!Ùܲ ܲÙ≈ã˛yÓ˚#ˆÏòÓ˚ x!ôܲyÓ˚=!° ~ˆÏܲÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚
~ܲ SÈyÑ ê˛y•z ܲˆÏÓˆ˚ SÏ È– ˆò¢ê˛yˆÏܲ Ó‡çy!ï˛Ü˛ §Çfliy=!°Ó˚ ܲyˆÏSÈ ˆÓˆÏã˛ !òˆÏΈ˚ SÏ È– xyÙyÓ˚
≤ÃÌÙ Ó£Ï≈ ≤ÃÌÙ §Çáƒy 5
 xy˛õlyÓ˚ ˆË˛yê˛ !˲«˛y ܲÓ˚y ≤ÈÏï˛ƒÜ˛!ê˛ Ó˚yç˜Ïl!ï˛Ü˛ ò°•z ˆò¢ê˛yˆÏܲ !Ó!e´ ܲˆÏÓ˚
ˆòGÎ˚yÓ˚ G ◊!ÙܲÈüÈܲÙ≈ã˛y!Ó˚ˆÏòÓ˚ x!ôܲyÓ˚ áÓ≈ ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ ã˛e´yˆÏhs˝Ó˚ §Ùyl xÇ¢#òyÓ˚–
~•z §Ó≈@˝Ãy§# °%Z˛lñ xlyã˛yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ Ó˚yçc ˆÌˆÏܲ Ù%!_´ ˛õyGÎ˚yÓ˚ !ܲ ˆÜ˛ylG ˛õÌ
xyˆÏSÈ⁄ !ã˛!ܲͧyÓ˚ áÓ˚ã˛ ˆÙê˛yˆÏï˛ ˆÙê˛yˆÏï˛ §Ó≈fl∫yhs˝ •ˆÏÎ˚ ÎyGÎ˚y !ܲ ˆë˛Ü˛yˆÏly xy§%lñ ~ܲê%˛ xlƒË˛yˆÏÓ ˆò!á
ÎyÎ˚⁄ ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛!ê˛ lyà!Ó˚ˆÏܲÓ˚ çlƒ !ÓlyÙ)ˆÏ°ƒ §%!ã˛!ܲͧyÓ˚ ÓƒÓfliy ܲÓ˚y !ܲ
§Ω˛Ó⁄ ≤çD ≠ í˛y_´yÓ˚ ˆÓ˚yà# §¡õÜ≈˛
xÓ¢ƒ•z §Ω˛Ó– ˆÓ§Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ §Çfliy=!° ÓƒÓ§y ܲˆÏÓ˚ Ù)°ï˛ Ù%lyÊ˛y xç≈l
ܲÓ˚y G Ù%lyÊ˛yÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚Ùyî Óyí˛¸yÓyÓ˚ çlƒó Ùyl%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ˆ§Óy ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ çlƒ lÎ˚–
!ã˛!ܲͧyÈüÈÓƒÓ§yÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏeG ~•z ~ܲ•z ܲÌy•z ≤ÈÏÎy烖 Ê˛ˆÏ° fl∫yfliƒˆÏ«˛eˆÏܲ
ˆÓ§Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ •yˆÏï˛ ï%˛ˆÏ° !òˆÏ° ˆÜ˛Ó°•z ˆÓ˚yà#ˆÏòÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÜ˛ê˛ Ü˛yê˛y ÎyˆÏÓ– xyÓ˚
ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛!ê˛ lyà!Ó˚ܲˆÏܲ !ÓlyÙ)ˆÏ°ƒ §%!ã˛!ܲͧyÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏ£ÏÓy !òˆÏï˛ ˆàˆÏ°
fl∫yfliƒˆÏ«˛e!ê˛ˆÏܲ ˆÓ§Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ܲÓ˚ˆÏîÓ˚ ÓòˆÏ° çyï˛#Î˚ܲÓ˚î ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ– !ã˛!ܲͧyÓ˚
°«˛ƒ •ˆÏÓ ÓƒÓ§y lÎ˚ñ ˆ§Óy– xÌ≈yÍ ˆÓ§Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ •y§˛õyï˛y°ñ ly!§≈LjϕyÙñ
˛õƒyÌ°!çܲy° ˆ§rê˛yÓ˚ñ !ã˛!ܲͧyÓ˚ Îsf˛õy!ï˛ !lÙ≈yˆÏîÓ˚ ܲyÓ˚áylyñ G£Ï%ô ≤Ûï˛Ü˛y!Ó˚
§Çfliyñ ˆÓ§Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ ˆÙ!í˛ˆÏܲ° ܲˆÏ°çñ ˆÓ§Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ Ó^˝ê˛lÓƒÓfliy ≤ÃË,˛!ï˛
§Ó!ܲS%ȈÏܲ•z Ó˚y‹T…yÎ˚_ §ÇfliyÎ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚îï˛ Ü˛Ó˚ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ–
!ܲv ˆò¢ G Ó˚yçƒ=!°Ó˚ ˆË˛yê˛§Ó≈fl∫ Ó˚yç˜Ïl!ï˛Ü˛ ò°=!°ñ ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚
ˆlï˛yÈüȈle#Ó˚y !ܲ ~•z ܲyç ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ Ó˚y!ç •ˆÏÓl⁄ ly– ïÑ˛yÓ˚y ܲáˆÏly•z §yÙ!@˝Ãܲ ≤ÃyÎ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛!òl áÓˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ܲyà秕 ˜Óò%ƒ!ï˛l §ÇÓyò ÙyôƒˆÏÙ í˛y_´yÓ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ G˛õÓ˚
fl∫yfliƒÓƒÓfliy!ê˛Ó˚ Ó˚y‹T…yÎ˚_ܲÓ˚ˆÏîÓ˚ òy!Ó ï%˛°ˆÏÓl ly– ܲ# ܲˆÏÓ˚•z Óy ï%˛°ˆÏÓl⁄ ˆÓ˚yà#Ó˚ ˛õ!Ó˚çlˆÏòÓ˚ xye´ÙˆÏîÓ˚ áÓÓ˚ ˛õy•z xyÙÓ˚y– í˛y_´yÓ˚Ó˚y xyï˛!B˛ï˛ñ ~•z
ˆÓ§Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ Ó‡çy!ï˛Ü˛ §Çfliy=!°Ó˚ ê˛yܲyÎ˚ ˆÎ ï˛ÑyˆÏòÓ˚ ˛õy!ê≈˛ ã˛ˆÏ°– ˆË˛yˆÏê˛Ó˚ Ó%!V˛ ˆlˆÏÙ ~° xye´Ùî– ˆÓ˚yà#ˆÏòÓ˚ xy¢B˛yñ ïÑ˛yÓ˚y Ó%!V˛ §!ë˛Ü˛ !ã˛!ܲͧy
xyˆÏà ˆÓ§Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ Ùy!°Ü˛ˆÏòÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ ï˛ÑyÓ˚y ˆÎ ò%ÈüÈ•yï˛ Ë˛ˆÏÓ˚ ê˛yܲy ˆllú ˆ˛õˆÏ°l lyñ !ܲÇÓy xӈϕ°yÓ˚ !¢Ü˛yÓ˚ •ˆÏ°l– ~ܲ ˛õˆÏ«˛Ó˚ xyï˛B˛ G xlƒ
ï˛y•ˆÏ° fl∫yfliƒˆÏ«˛ˆÏeÓ˚ Ó‡çy!ï˛Ü˛ §Çfliy=!°ˆÏܲ Ó˚y‹T…yÎ˚_ܲÓ˚ˆÏîÓ˚ xyˆÏ®y°l ˛õˆÏ«˛Ó˚ xy¢B˛y ˛õÓ˚flõˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ÙˆÏôƒ Óyí˛¸yˆÏFSÈ ò)Ó˚c– §,!‹T •ˆÏFSÈ xyÓ˚G §ˆÏ®•
ˆÜ˛ ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓ⁄ ˛õ!eܲyÓ˚ fl∫“ ˛õ!Ó˚§ˆÏÓ˚ ~•z ≤Èϟ¿Ó˚ ˛õ)î≈yD çÓyÓ ˆòGÎ˚y ÎyˆÏÓ ly– !lˆÏÎ˚ ~ˆÏܲ xlƒˆÏܲ !lÓ˚#«˛î ܲÓ˚y– Óyí˛¸ˆÏï˛ ÌyܲˆÏSÈ xl!˲ˆÏ≤Ãï˛ âê˛ly§Ù)•–
ˆÜ˛Ó° ~•zê%˛Ü%˛ ӈϰ Ó˚yáy ˆÎˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ ˆÎñ ˆÓ§Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ Ùy!°Ü˛ˆÏòÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ â%£Ï xy˛õyï˛ò,!‹TˆÏï˛ í˛y_´yÓ˚ G ˆÓ˚yà# •ˆÏÎ˚ í˛zë˛ˆÏSÈ ~ˆÏܲ x˛õˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ Ú¢e&˛õ«˛Û–
ˆlGÎ˚yñ !ÓˆÏò!¢ ÓƒyB˛=!° ˆÌˆÏܲ ê˛yܲy ˆlGÎ˚yñ Ó‡çy!ï˛Ü˛ §Çfliy=!°Ó˚ ˆòGÎ˚y ˆÜ˛l ~•z xÓfliy⁄ ≤ÃyÎ˚ ~ܲ•z xyÌ≈ÈüȧyÙy!çܲ G ˛õy!Ó˚Óy!Ó˚ܲ ˛õ!Ó˚Ù[˛°
ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ fl∫yÌ≈ÈüÈ!ÓˆÏÓ˚yô# ¢ï≈˛ ˆÙˆÏl ˆlGÎ˚yñ ò%l≈#!ï˛˛õÓ˚yÎ˚î ˆË˛yê˛§Ó≈fl∫ ˆÌˆÏܲ í˛zˆÏë˛ ~ˆÏ§ í˛y_´yÓ˚ G ˆÓ˚yà# ˆÜ˛l ˛õ!Ó˚îï˛ •ˆÏFSÈ ˛õÓ˚flõˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ¢e&˛õˆÏ«˛⁄
ˆlï˛yÈüȈle#ˆÏòÓ˚ Ó˚yç˜Ïl!ï˛Ü˛ ò°=ˆÏ°yˆÏܲ Óç≈l ܲˆÏÓ˚ §yôyÓ˚î Ùyl%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ !lˆÏçÓ˚ ≤Ã̈ÏÙ•z xy§y Îyܲ §Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ •y§˛õyï˛yˆÏ°Ó˚ ܲÌyÎ˚ñ ܲyÓ˚î xyÙyˆÏòÓ˚ Ó˚yˆÏçƒÓ˚
•yˆÏ ï ˛ àˆÏ í ˛¸ ˆï˛y°y !lˆÏ ç ˆÏ ò Ó˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ ã ˛y°lyô#l §Çàë˛l•z ˛õyˆÏ Ó ˚ ≤ÃyÎ˚ ¢ï˛Ü˛Ó˚y 70 ˲yà Ùyl%£Ï §Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ •y§˛õyï˛yˆÏ° !ã˛!ܲͧy ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏ£ÏÓy @˝Ã•î
çyï˛#Î˚ܲÓ˚î˘Ó˚y‹T#… Î˚ܲÓ˚ˆîÏ Ó˚ òy!ÓˆÏܲ ÓyhflˆÏ ÓÏ Ó˚*˛õ ˆòGÎ˚yÓ˚ xyˆÏ˛õy£Ï•#l xyˆÏ®y°l ܲˆÏÓ˚lñ ÎÑyˆÏòÓ˚ ˆÓ!¢Ó˚˲yà•z ò!Ó˚o ˆ◊!îÓ˚–
àˆÏí˛¸ ï%˛°ˆÏï˛– xyçˆÏܲÓ˚ ~•z §yÙ!@˝Ãܲ §yÙy!çܲÈüÈxÌ≈˜Ïl!ï˛Ü˛ÈüÈÓ˚yç˜Ïl!ï˛Ü˛ x§%á ~ÓyÓ˚ ~ܲê˛y à“ ˆ¢yly Îyܲ– ≤Ãï˛ƒhs˝ @˝ÃyˆÏÙÓ˚ ò!Ó˚o ~ܲ ÓÎ˚flÒ Ùyl%£Ï– ò%•z
ˆÌˆÏܲ Ù%!_´ ˛õyGÎ˚yÓ˚ ~ê˛y•z ~ܲÙye ˛õÌ– •Ñyê%˛Ó˚ ÓƒÌyÎ˚ ܲyÓ%– ≤ÃyÌ!Ùܲ fl∫yfliƒˆÏܲˆÏw !ã˛!ܲͧy ܲ!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ Ê˛° •Î˚!l– ≤ÃyÎ˚ 10
~ !ӣψÏÎ˚ !ÓhflÏy!Ó˚ï˛ xy°y˛õÈüÈxyˆÏ°yã˛ly ÷Ó˚& ܲÓ˚&l– !lˆÏç ˲yÓ%lñ xlƒˆÏܲ !ܲ!Ù ò)ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ÓœÜ˛ ≤ÃyÌ!Ùܲ fl∫yfliƒˆÏܲˆÏw xˆÏlܲ ܲˆÏ‹T Îál ~ˆÏ°lñ ˆ§áylܲyÓ˚
˲yÓyl– ˛õ!eܲy òƈÏÓ˚ Ùï˛yÙï˛ ˛õyë˛yl– ~ܲÙï˛ ly •ˆÏ°ñ ï˛yG çylyl– ~•z í˛y_´yÓ˚ÓyÓ% ïÑ˛yˆÏܲ ˆÓ˚Ê˛yÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ !òˆÏ°l ˆç°y •y§˛õyï˛yˆÏ°ñ •yˆÏí˛¸Ó˚ ˆÓ˚yˆÏàÓ˚
˛õ!eܲy xy˛õlyÓ˚– !ӈϢ£ÏK˛ í˛y_´yÓ˚ÓyÓ%ˆÏܲ ˆòáyˆÏlyÓ˚ çlƒ– §ˆÏD xy§yÓ˚ çlƒ ~ܲçl ˆ°yܲ

6 ≤ÃÌÙ Ó£Ï≈ ≤ÃÌÙ §Çáƒy ≤ÃÌÙ Ó£Ï≈ ≤ÃÌÙ §Çáƒy 7

 xyÓ˚ ò%çˆÏlÓ˚ Îyï˛yÎ˚yï˛ G áyGÎ˚y áÓ˚ã˛ •zï˛ƒy!ò ˆçyàyí˛¸ ܲˆÏÓ˚ !ï˛!l ~ܲ!òl
Îál ˆç°y •y§˛õyï˛yˆÏ° ~ˆÏ§ •y!çÓ˚ •ˆÏ°l ï˛ál ˆÓ°y §yˆÏí˛¸ ò¢ê˛y– ≤ÃyÎ˚
~ܲ ârê˛y °y•zˆÏl òÑy!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ xyí˛zê˛ˆÏí˛yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ !ê˛!Ü˛ê˛ Ü˛Ó˚yÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ !ï˛!l •yˆÏí˛¸Ó˚
í˛y_´yÓ˚ÓyÓ%ˆÏܲ ˆòáyˆÏï˛ !àˆÏÎ˚ xyÓyÓ˚ °y•zˆÏl òÑy!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ ˛õí˛¸ˆÏ°l– ò#â≈ °y•zˆÏl
§%ò#â≈ ≤Ãï˛#«˛y– òÑy!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ ÌyܲˆÏï˛ Ü˛‹T •Î˚– ï˛Ó%G !ï˛!l ˲yÓˆÏï˛ ÌyˆÏܲlÈüüüÈ
•yˆÏí˛¸Ó˚ í˛y_´yÓ˚ÓyÓ% ïÑ˛yˆÏܲ !lŸã˛Î˚•z ˲yˆÏ°y ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆòáˆÏÓl– çylˆÏï˛ ã˛y•zˆÏÓl
xˆÏlܲ ܲÌyÈüüüÈ ˆSÈyˆÏê˛yˆÏÓ°yÎ˚ •Ñyê%˛ˆÏï˛ ˆã˛yê˛ ˆ°ˆÏà!SÈ° !ܲ lyñ xÙyÓ§ƒy G
˛õ)!î≈ÙyÎ˚ ÓƒÌy ÓyˆÏí˛¸ !ܲ lyñ àÓ˚Ù ˆï˛° Ùy!°¢ ܲÓ˚ˆÏ° xyÓ˚yÙ •Î˚ !ܲ ly •zï˛ƒy!ò
xˆÏlܲ ܲÌy– ~ÓyÓ˚ ˆÓyô•Î˚ !ï˛!l xÓƒ•!ï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓl ïÑ˛yÓ˚ x§•ƒ •Ñyê%˛Ó˚ Îsfîy
ˆÌˆÏܲ– ˆÓ°y 3ˆê˛ lyàyò !ï˛!l í˛y_´yÓ˚ÓyÓ%Ó˚ §yÙˆÏl ~ˆÏ§ òÑyí˛¸yˆÏ°lÈüüüÈ
í˛y_´yÓ˚ÓyÓ%Ó˚ ˆ§!òˆÏlÓ˚ 571 l¡∫Ó˚ ˆÓ˚yà#ñ §ˆÏÓ Ó°ˆÏï˛ ÷Ó˚& ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏSÈl ïÑ˛yÓ˚
§Ù§ƒyÓ˚ ܲÌyÈüüüÈ •Ñyê%˛Ó˚ ÓƒÌyÎ˚ â%Ù •Î˚ ly Ó˚yˆÏï˛– ÉÉÉ ~Ó˚˛õˆÏÓ˚ xyÓ˚G xˆÏlܲ
ܲÌy Ó°yÓ˚ !SÈ°ñ !ܲv í˛y_´yÓ˚ÓyÓ% ï˛ï˛«˛ˆÏî !ê˛!ܲˆÏê˛ G£Ï%ô !°ˆÏá •yˆÏï˛ ô!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚
!òˆÏÎ˚ 572 l¡∫Ó˚ ˆÓ˚yà# !lˆÏÎ˚ ÓƒhflÏ •ˆÏÎ˚ ˛õˆÏí˛¸ˆÏSÈl– ~álG ¢ÛˆÏòˆÏí˛¸Ü˛ ˆÓ˚yà#
°y•zˆÏl òÑy!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ xˆÏ˛õ«˛y ܲÓ˚ˆÏSÈl– §%ò)Ó˚ @˝ÃyˆÏÙÓ˚ ÓÎ˚flÒ ò!Ó˚o ˆÓ˚yà#!ê˛ •ï˛y¢
•ˆÏÎ˚ àç‰àç‰ Ü˛Ó˚ˆÏï˛ Ü˛Ó˚ˆÏï˛ ˆÓ!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ ˆàˆÏ°l– 572 l¡∫Ó˚ ˆÓ˚yà# ˆòáˆÏï˛
ˆòáˆÏï˛ Ü˛ˆÏÎ˚ܲê˛y ܲê)˛ ܲÌy í˛y_´yÓ˚ÓyÓ%Ó˚ ܲyˆÏl ~ˆÏ°G !ï˛!l ˛õy_y !òˆÏ°l ly–
573 l¡∫Ó˚ ˆÓ˚yà# ïÑ˛yÓ˚ §yÙˆÏl– §ÙÎ˚ ˆÜ˛yÌyÎ˚ ܲê)˛ ܲÌy àyˆÏÎ˚ ÙyáyÓ˚⁄
xÓˆÏã˛ï˛l ÙˆÏl ˆÓ˚yà# §¡∫ˆÏ¶˛ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ~ܲê˛y x◊k˛y ˜ï˛!Ó˚ •° ÷ô%– Óí˛¸
í˛y_´yÓ˚ÓyÓ%Ó˚ x!˲K˛ï˛y xˆÏlܲ– ˆÓ!¢ ܲÌy ly Ó°ˆÏ°G ˆÓ˚yà !lŸã˛Î˚•z ôˆÏÓ˚
ˆÊ˛ˆÏ°ˆÏSÈlñ G ˆÙy«˛Ù G£Ï%ô !°ˆÏá !òˆÏÎ˚ˆÏSÈlÈüüüÈ !lˆÏçˆÏܲ §ygs˝ly !òˆÏï˛ !òˆÏï˛
ÓÎ˚flÒ ˆÓ˚yà#!ê˛ ~ÓyÓ˚ G£Ï%ˆÏôÓ˚ xyÓ˚G ~ܲ ò#â≈ °y•zˆÏl òÑy!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ ˛õˆÏí˛¸l– ˆÙy«˛Ù
G£Ï%ôê˛y !lˆÏï˛•z •ˆÏÓ ïÑ˛yˆÏܲ– •Ñyê%˛Ó˚ ÓƒÌy x§•ƒ– !ÓˆÏܲ° 4ˆê˛ lyàyò G£Ï%ô
•yˆÏï˛ !lˆÏÎ˚ ˆÓ!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ ~ˆÏ§ ˆòáˆÏ°l x!Óܲ° ~ܲ•z G£Ï%ô– @˝ÃyˆÏÙÓ˚ ≤ÃyÌ!Ùܲ
fl∫yfliƒˆÏܲw ˆÌˆÏܲ àï˛ !ï˛l ÓSÈÓ˚ ôˆÏÓ˚ ˆÎ G£Ï%ô ˆáˆÏÎ˚ xy§ˆÏSÈlñ ˆ§•z G£Ï%ô–
í˛y_´yÓ˚ G •y§˛õyï˛yˆÏ°Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ Ó%ܲ˲Ó˚y â,îy !lˆÏÎ˚ Ó˚yhflÏyÓ˚ ôyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ §hflÏy ˆ•yˆÏê˛ˆÏ°
ˆáˆÏï˛ ì%˛Ü˛ˆÏ°l !ï˛!l–
~ÓyÓ˚ ˆò!áñ ˆÎ ˆÓ˚yà# =Ó˚&ï˛Ó˚ x§%fliï˛y !lˆÏÎ˚ çÓ˚&!Ó˚ !Ó˲yˆÏà ~ˆÏ°l
ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ܲ# xÓfliy– ~•z ôÓ˚ˆÏlÓ˚ ˆÓ˚yà#Ó˚y xyˆÏ§l •Î˚ §Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ xÌÓy xlƒ
ˆÜ˛ylG •y§˛õyï˛y° ˆÌˆÏܲ ˆÓ˚Ê˛yí≈˛ •ˆÏÎ˚– çÓ˚&!Ó˚ !Ó˲yˆÏàÓ˚ !ã˛!ܲͧܲ ˆÓ˚yà#ˆÏܲ
˲!ï≈˛Ó˚ !lˆÏò≈¢ !òˆÏÎ˚ !l!ò≈‹T GÎ˚yˆÏí≈˛ ˛õy!ë˛ˆÏÎ˚ ˆòl– xyÓ˚ GÎ˚yˆÏí≈˛⁄ ˆ§áyˆÏl !ï˛°
ôyÓ˚ˆÏîÓ˚ çyÎ˚ày ˆl•z– ˆÙˆÏV˛ˆÏï˛•z ÷ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓñ xÌÓy xlƒ ˆÜ˛ylG ˆÓ˚yà#Ó˚
§yˆÏÌ ~ܲ•z !ÓSÈylyÎ˚ ÌyܲˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ– ˆÓí˛ Óy ¢Îƒy ˆl•z ӈϰ ˆÓ˚yà#ˆÏܲ ˆÊ˛Ó˚ï˛
ˆòGÎ˚y ã˛°ˆÏÓ ly– ≤çDï˛ ÓˆÏ° Ó˚y!áñ çl§ÇáƒyÓ˚ xl%˛õyˆÏï˛ Îï˛ §ÇáƒÜ˛ ¢Îƒy
8 ≤ÃÌÙ Ó£Ï≈ ≤ÃÌÙ §Çáƒy
•y§˛õyï˛yˆÏ° ÌyܲyÓ˚ ܲÌyñ xÌ≈yÍ Îï˛ ¢Îƒy ÌyܲˆÏ° ˆÓ˚yà#ˆÏòÓ˚ xyÓ˚ ˆÙˆÏV˛ˆÏï˛
Óy xlƒ ˆÓ˚yà#Ó˚ §yˆÏÌ ÌyܲˆÏï˛ •ï˛ lyñ ï˛yÓ˚ ï%˛°lyÎ˚ xyÙyˆÏòÓ˚ Ó˚yˆÏçƒ ï˛Ìy
§Ù@˝Ã ˆòˆÏ¢ ¢Îƒy§Çáƒy xˆÏlܲ Ü˛Ù– xlˆÏlƒy˛õyÎ˚ •ˆÏÎ˚ ˆÓ˚yà# ˆ§ê˛yˆÏܲ•z ˆÙˆÏl
ˆll xá%!¢ •ˆÏ°G– ܲyÓ˚î ≤Ãy•zˆÏ˲Ïê˛ ly!§≈LjϕyÙ Óy ≤Ãy•zˆÏË˛ê˛ •y§˛õyï˛yˆÏ°
˲!ï≈˛ •ˆÏ° ˆÎ ˛õ!Ó˚Ùyî ê˛yܲy áÓ˚ã˛ Ü˛Ó˚ˆÏï˛ •Î˚ ï˛y ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ˆl•z– ˲!ï≈˛ •ÓyÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚
ˆÎ ly!§≈Ç ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏ£ÏÓy ˛õyGÎ˚yÓ˚ ܲÌy xÌ≈yÍ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ !ÓSÈyly ˜ï˛!Ó˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆòGÎ˚y
ˆÌˆÏܲ !ë˛Ü˛ §ÙˆÏÎ˚ G£Ï%ô G ˛õ̃ ˆòGÎ˚yñ §ˆÏÓ≈y˛õ!Ó˚ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ˆÜ˛ylG x§%!Óôy ˆòáy
!òˆÏ° ˆ§Óܲ Óy ly§≈ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ܲyˆÏSÈ ~ˆÏ§ §Ù§ƒyÓ˚ ܲÌy ÷lˆÏÓlñ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçl#Î˚
ÓƒÓfliy ˆlˆÏÓl Óy òÓ˚ܲyÓ˚ •ˆÏ° í˛y_´yÓ˚ÓyÓ%ˆÏܲ ˆí˛ˆÏܲ ˛õyë˛yˆÏÓlÈüüüÈ ï˛yÓ˚ !ܲS%È•z
!ï˛!l ˆ˛õˆÏ°l ly– ܲyÓ˚î x!ôܲyÇ¢ Ù•Ü%˛Ùy •y§˛õyï˛y°ñ ˆç°y •y§˛õyï˛y°ñ
ˆÙ!í˛ˆÏܲ° ܲˆÏ°çñ ~Ùl!Ü ˆÓ¢ !ܲS%È @˝ÃyÙ#î •y§˛õyï˛yˆÏ°G ˆòáy ÎyÎ˚ x§Çáƒ
˲!ï≈˛ •GÎ˚y ˆÓ˚yà#ˆÏܲ §yÙ°yˆÏFSÈl Ùye ~ܲçl xÌÓy ò%çl ly§≈– ˆÓ˚yà#Ó˚
˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏ£ÏÓy ˆòGÎ˚y G x§Çრï˛Ìƒ áyï˛yÎ˚ l!ÌË%˛_´ ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ïÑ˛yÓ˚y !•Ù!§Ù
áyˆÏFSÈl– @˝Ã&˛õÈüÈ!í˛ Ü˛Ù≈ã˛yÓ˚# åܲÙ≈§yÌ# G ܲÙ≈Ó¶%˛äÈüÈÓ˚ §Çáƒy ~ï˛•z Ü˛Ù ˆÎ
!lÎ˚!Ùï˛ GÎ˚yí≈˛ ˛õ!Ó˚‹ÒyÓ˚ Ó˚yáy ܲ!ë˛l– ˆÜ˛ x!:ˆÏçl !§!°u˛yÓ˚ ~!àˆÏÎ˚ ˆòˆÏÓlñ
ˆÜ˛ ˆÓí˛ÈüÈ˛õƒyl Óy •zí˛z!Ó˚ly° ˆòˆÏÓlñ ˆÜ˛ áyÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ í˛z!FSÈ‹T ˛õ!Ó˚‹ÒyÓ˚ ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓl
ï˛y !lˆÏÎ˚ ~Ùl!ܲ •y§˛õyï˛y° ܲï,≈˛˛õ«˛G ÙyÌy âyÙyl ly– ~=ˆÏ°y ˆÎl ˆÓ˚yà#Ó˚
§yˆÏÌ Ìyܲy ïÑ˛yÓ˚ !lܲê˛yd#ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ܲyç– •y§˛õyï˛y°=ˆÏ°yˆÏï˛ ˆÓ˚yà#Ó˚ xl%˛õyˆÏï˛
Îï˛çl ly§≈ Óy ˆ§!Óܲy ÌyܲyÓ˚ ܲÌy ï˛ï˛çl ˆl•zñ ï˛yÓ˚ í˛z˛õˆÏÓ˚ ¢Îƒy §ÇáƒyÓ˚
ˆã˛ˆÏÎ˚ •y§˛õyï˛y°=ˆÏ°yˆÏï˛ ˆÓ˚yà#Ó˚ §Çáƒy xˆÏlܲ ˆÓ!¢– @˝Ã&˛õÈüÈ!í˛ Ü˛Ù≈ã˛yÓ˚#Ó˚
§Çáƒy ˆÓ˚yà#Ó˚ §ÇáƒyÓ˚ ï%˛°lyÎ˚ ~ˆÏE˛ÓyˆÏÓ˚•z là í˛y_´yÓ˚ÓyÓ%Ó˚y ˆÓ˚yà#
ˆòáˆÏSÈl ˆÙˆÏV˛ˆÏï˛ •Ñyê%˛ ˆàˆÏí˛¸ ӈϧ– ˜ï˛!Ó˚ •ˆÏFSÈ ˆÓ˚yà#ˆÏòÓ˚ x§ˆÏhs˝y£Ï–
í˛y_´yÓ˚ÓyÓ%ˆÏòÓ˚ G ly§≈ˆÏòÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ ˜ï˛!Ó˚ •ˆÏFSÈ ˆe´yô– ܲáˆÏly ܲáˆÏly ï˛y Ùyey
SÈy!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ !àˆÏÎ˚ í˛y_´yÓ˚ÓyÓ% G ly§≈ˆÏòÓ˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚ ¢yÓ˚#!Ó˚ܲ !l@˝ÃˆÏ•Ó˚ Ó˚*˛õ ˛õyˆÏFSÈ–
~ál ˲yÓy Îyܲñ Î!ò •y§˛õyï˛yˆÏ° ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçl#Î˚ §ÇáƒÜ˛ !ê˛!Ü˛ê˛ Ü˛yí˛zrê˛yÓ˚ ~ÓÇ
ï˛yˆÏï˛ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçl#Î˚ §ÇáƒÜ˛ ܲÙ≈ã˛yÓ˚# Ìyܲï˛⁄ ¢Îƒy§Çáƒy Î!ò ~Ùl ÌyÜ˛ï˛ ÎyˆÏï˛
ˆÜ˛ylG ˆÓ˚yà#ˆÏܲ ˆÙˆÏV˛ˆÏï˛ !ܲÇÓy xˆÏlƒÓ˚ §yˆÏÌ !ÓSÈylyÎ˚ ÌyܲˆÏï˛ ly •ï˛⁄ Î!ò
í˛y_´yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ §Çáƒy G ˆã˛¡∫yÓ˚ Óyí˛¸yˆÏly ˆÎï˛ñ ÎyˆÏï˛ ~ܲçl í˛y_´yÓ˚ÓyÓ% ˆÓ˚yà#ˆÏܲ
˲yˆÏ°y ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆòáyÓ˚ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçl#Î˚ §ÙÎ˚ ˆ˛õˆÏï˛lú Î!ò ly!§≈ÇÈüÈfiê˛yÊ˛ Ìyܲï˛
≤ÈÏÎ˚yçlÙˆÏï˛y⁄ Î!ò @˝Ã&˛õÈüÈ!í˛ Ü˛Ù≈ã˛yÓ˚#Ó˚ §Çáƒy •ï˛ •y§˛õyï˛yˆÏ° ˆÓ˚yà# ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏ£ÏÓy
ˆòGÎ˚yÓ˚ ˛õˆÏ«˛ ΈÏÌ‹T⁄ ï˛y•ˆÏ°•z ˜ï˛!Ó˚ •ï˛ ܲyˆÏçÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏÓ¢– xy˛õyï˛ò,!‹TˆÏï˛
ˆÎ §Ó í˛y_´yÓ˚ÓyÓ%ñ ly§≈ G xlƒylƒ ܲÙ≈ã˛yÓ˚#Ó˚y ˆÓ˚yà#Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ xӈϕ°y ≤Ãò¢≈l
ܲˆÏÓ˚l ïÑ˛yÓ˚yG ~Ùl §%fli ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏÓÏ¢ ˆ˛õˆÏÎ˚ ˆÓ˚yà#Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ •ˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚ˆÏï˛l xyÓ˚G
ÙˆÏlyˆÏÎyà#– •y§˛õyï˛yˆÏ° !lÓ˚y˛õ_yÓ˚«˛#Ó˚ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçl•z ܲˆÏÙ ˆÎï˛–
≤ÃÌÙ Ó£Ï≈ ≤ÃÌÙ §Çáƒy 9
 ~ál ~ê˛y flõ‹T •° ˆÎ !ã˛!ܲͧy ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏ£ÏÓy ÎÑyÓ˚y !òˆÏFSÈl ~ÓÇ ÎÑyÓ˚y ~•z
˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏ£ÏÓy !lˆÏFSÈl ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ܲyˆÏÓ˚yÓ˚ ˛õˆÏ«˛ ~•z ˛õ!Ó˚ܲyë˛yˆÏÙy ˜ï˛!Ó˚ ܲÓ˚y Óy
ܲÙ≈ã˛yÓ˚# !lˆÏÎ˚yà ܲÓ˚y §Ω˛Ó lÎ˚ñ ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ ܲÌyG lÎ˚– ÎÑyˆÏòÓ˚ ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ ܲÌy ˆ§•z§Ó
ˆlï˛yÈüÈÙsf#ÈüÈxyÙ°yÓ˚y x§%fli •ˆÏ° ~•z§Ó §Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ •y§˛õyï˛yˆÏ° ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏ£ÏÓy Ϋ˛y !lˆÏÎ˚ ò%ÈüÈã˛yÓ˚ ܲÌy
!lˆÏï˛G xyˆÏ§l ly– ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚ çlƒ ˆòˆÏ¢ G !ÓˆÏòˆÏ¢ ˜ï˛!Ó˚ ܲÓ˚y xyˆÏSÈ Ù•yâ≈
ˆÓ§Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ •y§˛õyï˛y°ñ Îy ˆòáˆÏ° ˆÓyV˛y ÎyÎ˚ ly ~ê˛y •y§˛õyï˛y° ly ˛õÑyã˛ï˛yÓ˚y í˛yÉ xyˆÏlyÎ˚yÓ˚ ˆ•yˆÏ§l
ˆ•yˆÏê˛°– §%ï˛Ó˚yÇ ~ê˛y ˆÓyV˛y ÎyˆÏFSÈ ˆÎ ~ܲ•z xÓƒÓfliyÓ˚ !¢Ü˛yÓ˚ í˛y_´yÓ˚ñ ly§≈ñ Ϋ˛y ˆÓ˚yˆÏà xyÙyˆÏòÓ˚ ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ x§ÇრÙyl%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ Ù,ï%˛ƒ •Î˚– !ë˛Ü˛ Ü˛ï˛ Ùyl%£Ï ÙyÓ˚y
fl∫yfliƒÜ˛Ù≈# G ˆÓ˚yà#Ó˚y– xÌã˛ ~•z xÓƒÓfliyÓ˚ çlƒ òyÎ˚# ˆlï˛yÈüÈÙsf#ÈüÈ xyÙ°yÓ˚y Îyl ~•z ˆÓ˚yˆÏàú í˛z_Ó˚ •°ÈüüüÈ ≤Ã!ï˛ ˆòí˛¸ !Ù!lˆÏê˛ ~ܲçl ˲yÓ˚ï˛Óy§# ÙyÓ˚y
≤Ãï˛ƒ«˛ G ˛õˆÏÓ˚y«˛Ë˛yˆÏÓ ~ܲ!òˆÏܲ ˆÓ˚yà#ˆÏòÓ˚ ܲyˆÏSÈ òyÎ˚# G ˆòy£Ï# §yÓƒhflÏ Îyl ~•z x§%ˆÏá– ÎÑyÓ˚y ÙyÓ˚y Îyl ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ≤ÃyÎ˚ §Óy•z ≤ÃyÆÓÎ˚flÒ– xyÓ˚ ~•z
ܲÓ˚ˆÏSÈl í˛y_´yÓ˚ ly§≈§• xlƒylƒ fl∫yfliƒÜ˛Ù≈#ˆÏòÓ˚ñ Óyí˛¸ˆÏSÈ •y§˛õyï˛y° G ≤ÃyÆÓÎ˚flÒˆÏòÓ˚ ≤ÃyÎ˚ §Óy•z ܲÙ≈«˛Ù– xÌã˛ ~•z !ÓÓ˚yê˛ Ù,ï%˛ƒ!Ù!SÈ° §ˆÏ_¥G xyÙÓ˚y
í˛y_´yÓ˚ÈüÈly§≈ˆÏòÓ˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚ xye´Ùîñ xlƒ!òˆÏܲ í˛y_´yÓ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ í˛zͧy!•ï˛ ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏFSÈ §Óy•z l#Ó˚Ó– lyñ ˆÜ˛ylG x!˲¢y˛õ Óy ˛õ)Ó≈çˆÏß√Ó˚ ˆÜ˛ylG ܲÙ≈Ê˛° ˆÌˆÏܲ ~•z
xye´Ùî ˆÙyܲy!Ó°yÓ˚ í˛z˛õyÎ˚ xÓ°¡∫l ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛– í˛y_´yÓ˚Ó˚y ܲƒyÓ˚yˆÏê˛ !¢áˆÏSÈlñ
Ùyl!§Ü˛ ã˛y˛õ ܲÙyˆÏï˛ ≤Ãçy!˛õï˛y Ó ·˛Ü%˛ÙyÓ˚# ≤ÃË,˛!ï˛ˆÏòÓ˚ ܲyˆÏSÈ ˆÙ!í˛ˆÏê˛¢l ï˛Ìy
ôƒyl!¢«˛y !lˆÏFSÈl– í˛y_´yÓ˚ÈüÈly§≈ˆÏòÓ˚ §yˆÏÌ ˆÓ˚yà# G ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚çlˆÏòÓ˚ ˜Ó!Ó˚ï˛y
≤Ã!ï˛¤˛y ˛õyˆÏFSÈ xyÓ˚G à˲#Ó˚ G ò#â≈fliyÎ˚#˲yˆÏÓ– í˛z˲Î˚˛õ«˛ˆÏܲ•z Ó%V˛ˆÏï˛ ˆòGÎ˚y
•ˆÏFSÈ ly ˆÎ ïÑ˛yÓ˚y ~ܲ•z xÓƒÓfliyÓ˚ !¢Ü˛yÓ˚– ÓÓ˚Ç ˛õÓ˚flõÓ˚ˆÏܲ ˛õÓ˚flõˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ܲyˆÏSÈ
á°lyÎ˚ܲ Óy !˲ˆÏ°l ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆòáyˆÏï˛ ã˛yGÎ˚yÓ˚ §Çfl,Ò!ï˛ ˜ï˛!Ó˚ ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏFSÈ– Ù)°
!˲ˆÏ°l ÌyܲˆÏSÈ xôÓ˚yÈüüüÈ ˛õò≈yÓ˚ xyí˛¸yˆÏ°–
ï˛y•ˆÏ° í˛z˛õyÎ˚⁄ í˛z˛õyÎ˚ ~ܲê˛y•zÈüüüÈ í˛y_´yÓ˚ñ ly§≈ñ fl∫yfliƒÜ˛Ù≈#ñ ˆÓ˚yà# G §yôyÓ˚î
çlàˆÏîÓ˚ §ˆÏã˛ï˛l •GÎ˚y ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçl– ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚˛ Ó%V˛ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ ˆÎñ ïÑ˛yÓ˚y ˛õÓ˚flõˆÏÓ˚Ó˚
!˲ˆÏ°l lló ÓÓ˚Ç ~ܲ•z ÓƒÓfliyÓ˚ ï˛Ìy xÓƒÓfliyÓ˚ !˲܉˛!ê˛Ù‰– ï˛y•z ¢e&ï˛y lÎ˚ñ
ˆÓ˚yà •Î˚ ly– ~•z ˆÓ˚yà •Î˚ ÚÙy•zˆÏe´yÓƒyܲˆÏê˛!Ó˚Î˚yÙ !ê˛í˛zÓyÓ˚!ܲí˛zˆÏ°y!§§Û
ÓÓ˚Ç §ˆÏã˛ï˛l G ˙ܲƒÓk˛ §Ç@˝ÃyÙ àˆÏí˛¸ ˆï˛y°yÓ˚ °«˛ƒ !lˆÏÎ˚ !ã˛hs˝y˲yÓly ÷Ó˚&
lyÙܲ ~ܲ ≤ÃܲyÓ˚ ÓƒyܲˆÏê˛!Ó˚Î˚yÓ˚ §Çe´ÙˆÏîÓ˚ Ê˛ˆÏ°– ~•z §Çe´Ùî •ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚
ܲÓ˚y òÓ˚ܲyÓ˚– òÓ˚ܲyÓ˚ñ ˆÎ ÓƒÓfliyÓ˚ !¢Ü˛yÓ˚ §Óy•zñ ˆ§•z ÓƒÓfliy ˛õyŒê˛yˆÏlyÓ˚ °«˛ƒ
¢Ó˚#ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆÎ ˆÜ˛ylG xˆÏD– ï˛ˆÏÓ Ê%˛§Ê%˛ˆÏ§ ~•z ˆÓ˚yà Óy§y ÓÑyˆÏô §ÓˆÏã˛ˆÏÎ˚
§yÙˆÏl ˆÓ˚ˆÏá ˲yÓly!ã˛hs˝y G ܲÙ≈˛õk˛!ï˛ˆÏܲ §Ç•ï˛ ܲÓ˚y– ÎÑyÓ˚y ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏ£ÏÓy !òˆÏFSÈl
ˆÓ!¢– ≤ÃyÎ˚ ¢ï˛Ü˛Ó˚y 90 ˲yà Ϋ˛y•z •° Ê%˛§Ê%˛ˆÏ§Ó˚ Ϋ˛y– Ê%˛§Ê%˛ˆÏ§Ó˚
ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚ lƒy΃ x!ôܲyÓ˚ xyˆÏSÈ §%fli ܲyˆÏçÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÓÏ ¢ ˛õyGÎ˚yÓ˚– xyÓ˚ ÎÑyÓ˚y ˛õ!Ó˚ˆ£Ï ÓÏ y
Ϋ˛yÈüȈÓ˚yà#Ó˚ ܲy!¢ñ •Ñy!ã˛ñ ܲÌyÓyï≈˛y •zï˛ƒy!ò ˆÌˆÏܲ Ì%Ì%Ó˚ ܲîyÓ˚ ÙyôƒˆÏÙ
!lˆÏFSÈl ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚G lƒy΃ x!ôܲyÓ˚ xyˆÏSÈ §%fli fl∫yfliƒ ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏ£ÏÓy ˛õyGÎ˚yÓ˚–
ÓyÎ˚%ã˛y!°ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ xlƒ ~ܲ §%fli Ùyl%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ≤ߪyˆÏ§Ó˚ myÓ˚y ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ¢Ó˚#ˆÏÓ˚ ≤ÈÏÓ¢
xy§%lñ xyÙÓ˚y ˲yÓˆÏï˛ ÷Ó˚& ܲ!Ó˚– ˆÓyV˛yÓ˚ ˆã˛‹Ty ܲ!Ó˚ÈüüüÈ fl∫yfliƒ ˆÜ˛ylG
ܲˆÏÓ˚– Ê˛ˆÏ° !Ë˛í˛¸ ˆê˛Δlñ Óy§ G xlƒylƒ çl§ÙyàˆÏÙ xy˛õ!l xy!Ù ˆÜ˛í˛z
!˲«˛y lÎ˚ñ fl∫yfliƒ xyÙyÓ˚ xy˛õlyÓ˚ §Ü˛ˆÏ°Ó˚ x!ôܲyÓ˚–
§%Ó˚!«˛ï˛ l•z–
ܲ#˲yˆÏÓ ≤Ã!ï˛•ï˛ Ü˛Ó˚Ó ~•z ˆÓ˚yà⁄ ܲ#˲yˆÏÓ §%Ó˚!«˛ï˛ ÌyÜ˛Ó !lˆÏç ~ÓÇ
§%Ó˚!«˛ï˛ Ó˚yáÓ !≤ÃÎ˚ xy˛õlçlˆÏòÓ˚⁄ ~•z ˆÓ˚yˆÏàÓ˚ ˆÜ˛ylG !ê˛Ü˛y ˆl•z– ly–
!ÓÉ!§É!çÉ !ê˛Ü˛y ˆÜ˛Ó°Ùye !¢÷ˆÏòÓ˚ !ê˛É!ÓÉñ ˆÙ!llçy•z!ê˛§ñ !Ù!°Î˚y!Ó˚ !ê˛É!ÓÉ
≤ÃË,˛!ï˛ !ܲS%È Ü˛!ë˛l !ê˛É!ÓÉ ˆÌˆÏܲ §%Ó˚«˛y ˆòÎ˚ G !¢÷Ù,ï%˛ƒ ˆÓ˚yô ܲˆÏÓ˚–
≤ÃyÆÓÎ˚flÒˆÏòÓ˚ Ϋ˛y ~ˆÏï˛ xyê˛Ü˛yÎ˚ ly– ï˛y•ˆÏ° xy˛õ!l xy!Ù §%Ó˚!«˛ï˛ ÌyܲÓ
ܲ#˲yˆÏÓ⁄ ~ܲê˛y•z í˛z˛õyÎ˚– Îï˛ ï˛yí˛¸yï˛y!í˛¸ §Ω˛Ó Ê%˛§Ê%˛ˆÏ§Ó˚ Ϋ˛y Óy !ê˛É!ÓÉ
10 ≤ÃÌÙ Ó£Ï≈ ≤ÃÌÙ §Çáƒy ≤ÃÌÙ Ó£Ï≈ ≤ÃÌÙ §Çáƒy 11
 ˆÓ˚yà#ˆÏܲ §ly_´ ܲÓ˚y G !ã˛!ܲͧy ÷Ó˚& ܲÓ˚y– !ã˛!ܲͧy ÷Ó˚& •GÎ˚yÓ˚ ~ܲ G çμÓ˚ÈüÈçμÓ˚ ˲yÓñ ˆ˛õˆÏê˛Ó˚ xfl∫!hflÏ G Ó!ÙÈüÈÓ!Ù Ë˛yÓ •zï˛ƒy!ò– ˆ§ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe !lˆÏçÓ˚
§ÆyˆÏ•Ó˚ ÙˆÏôƒ ˆ§•z ˆÓ˚yà#Ó˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ ˆÓ˚yàç#Óyî% xlƒˆÏܲ xyÓ˚ §Çe´y!Ùï˛ ˆÌˆÏܲ G£Ï%ô áyGÎ˚y Ó¶˛ ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓl ly– í˛y_´yÓ˚ÓyÓ%ˆÏܲ çylyˆÏÓl ~ÓÇ ïÑ˛yÓ˚
ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ ly ~ÓÇ !lÎ˚!Ùï˛ G §¡õ)î≈ !ã˛!ܲͧy ܲÓ˚yˆÏ° ≤ÃyÎ˚ §Óy•z ~•z ˛õÓ˚yÙ¢≈ Ùï˛ Ü˛yç ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓl– G£Ï%ô ˆáˆÏï˛ •Î˚ ˆÙyê˛ 6 Ùy§– ˆÜ˛ylG ˆÜ˛ylG
ˆÓ˚yà ˆÌˆÏܲ §%fli •ˆÏÎ˚ GˆÏë˛l– ˆ«˛ˆÏe 8 ˆÌˆÏܲ 9 Ùy§– ~•z G£Ï%ô §¡õ)î≈ !ÓlyÙ)ˆÏ°ƒ §Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ fl∫yfliƒˆÏܲˆÏw
~ál ≤ß¿ñ ܲ#˲yˆÏÓ Ó%V˛Ó Ê%˛§Ê%˛ˆÏ§ Ϋ˛yÓ˚ §Çe´Ùî •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏSÈ !ܲ ly⁄ ˛õyGÎ˚y ÎyÎ˚–
~ܲê˛y•z í˛z˛õyÎ˚ÈüüüÈ Ü˛Ê˛ ˛õÓ˚#«˛y ܲÓ˚yˆÏly–
ÎÑyˆÏòÓ˚ Ϋ˛y Óy ï˛yÓ˚ ˆÜ˛ylG °«˛î ˆl•z ïÑ˛yÓ˚y ܲ# ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓl⁄
ܲyˆÏòÓ˚ Ü˛Ê˛ ˛õÓ˚#«˛y ܲÓ˚yÓ⁄ §yôyÓ˚î fl∫yfliƒ!Ó!ô ˆÙˆÏl ã˛°%l ~ÓÇ xlƒˆÏòÓ˚G ˆÙˆÏl ã˛°ˆÏï˛ ˆ¢áyl– ˆÎáyˆÏl
ÎyˆÏòÓ˚ ܲy!¢ xyˆÏSÈ åï˛y ÷ܲˆÏly ܲy!¢ •ˆÏ°Gä ï˛y Î!ò ~ܲê˛yly ò%ÈüȧÆy• Óy ˆ§áyˆÏl Ì%Ì% ˆÊ˛°ˆÏÓl ly– xˆÏlƒÓ˚ Ù%ˆÏáÓ˚ á%Ó Ü˛yˆÏSÈ !àˆÏÎ˚ ܲÌy Ó°ˆÏÓl ly–
ï˛yÓ˚ ˆÓ!¢ ÌyˆÏܲ ï˛y•ˆÏ° xÓ¢ƒ•z Ü˛Ê˛ ˛õÓ˚#«˛y ܲÓ˚yˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ– ÙˆÏl Ó˚yáˆÏÓlñ •Ñy!ã˛ñ ܲy!¢ñ •y•z ˆï˛y°yÓ˚ §ÙÎ˚ Ù%ˆÏá •yï˛ Óy Ó˚&Ùy° ã˛y˛õy !òl– ÙˆÏl Ó˚yáˆÏÓlñ
~˲yˆÏÓ ÎÑyˆÏòÓ˚ Ü˛Ê˛ ˛õÓ˚#«˛y ܲÓ˚yˆÏly •Î˚ ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ ò¢ çˆÏlÓ˚ ÙˆÏôƒ àˆÏí˛¸ Ìy°yÈüÈÓy§lñ çˆÏ°Ó˚ @’y§ñ ܲyˆÏÓ˚yÓ˚ ~шÏê˛yñ ˆ˛õy£Ïyܲ G àyÙSÈy •zï˛ƒy!ò ˆÌˆÏܲ ~•z
≤ÃyÎ˚ ~ܲçˆÏlÓ˚ ܲˆÏÊ˛ Ϋ˛yÓ˚ ç#Óyî% ˛õyGÎ˚y ÎyÎ˚– ˆÓ˚yà SÈí˛¸yÎ˚ ly– ܲyˆÏÓ˚yÓ˚ ܲy!¢ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏSÈ ÷lˆÏï˛ ˆ˛õˆÏ° çyl%l ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ܲy!¢ ܲï˛
!òˆÏlÓ˚– ï˛y Î!ò ~ܲê˛yly ò%ÈüȧÆy• Óy ï˛yÓ˚ ˆÓ!¢ •Î˚ñ ï˛ˆÏÓ ïÑ˛yˆÏܲ §Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚
ˆÜ˛yÌyÎ˚ Ü˛Ê˛ ˛õÓ˚#«˛y ܲÓ˚yˆÏÓl⁄
•y§˛õyï˛yˆÏ° Ü˛Ê˛ ˛õÓ˚#«˛y ܲÓ˚yˆÏlyÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚yÙ¢≈ !òl– ≤Ã!ï˛ˆÏÓ¢#ˆÏòÓ˚ ˆÜ˛í˛z Ϋ˛y
xÓ¢ƒ•z ˆÜ˛ylG §Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ •y§˛õyï˛yˆÏ°Ó˚ °ƒyÓˆÏÓ˚ê˛!Ó˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ– ÙˆÏl Ó˚yáˆÏÓl
ˆÓ˚yˆÏàÓ˚ G£Ï%ô áyˆÏFSÈl çylˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚ˆÏ° ˆáÑyç !ll !lÎ˚!Ùï˛ G£Ï%ô áyˆÏFSÈl !ܲ
ˆÎˆÏܲylG §Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ •y§˛õyï˛yˆÏ°Ó˚ åï˛y ˆ§ ≤ÃyÌ!Ùܲ fl∫yfliƒˆÏܲw ˆ•yܲ Óy
ly– ÙˆÏl Ó˚yáˆÏÓlñ !lÎ˚!Ùï˛ G£Ï%ô ly ˆáˆÏ° !ܲÇÓy !ã˛!ܲͧyÓ˚ §¡õ)î≈ ˆÙÎ˚yò
ˆÙ!í˛ˆÏܲ° ܲˆÏ°çä °ƒyÓˆÏÓ˚ê˛!Ó˚ˆÏï˛ §Ù=îÙyˆÏlÓ˚ Ü˛Ê˛ ˛õÓ˚#«˛y •Î˚–
˛õÎ≈hs˝ G£Ï%ô ly ˆáˆÏ° ~•z ˆÓ˚yà ˆï˛y §yˆÏÓ˚•z lyñ í˛zˆÏŒê˛ ˆÓ˚yàç#Óyî%=ˆÏ°y
ÚxyÙyÓ˚ ¢Ó˚#Ó˚ÈüÈfl∫yfliƒ ˲yˆÏ°yñ xyÙyÓ˚ ˆï˛y ܲˆÏÊ˛Ó˚ §yˆÏÌ Ó˚_´ ˛õí˛¸ˆÏSÈ lyñ
˛õÓ˚Óï≈˛#ˆÏï˛ xyÓ˚ ˆÜ˛ylG G£Ï%ˆÏô ÙˆÏÓ˚ ly– ~ˆÏܲ í»˛yà ˆÓ˚!çfiê˛ƒyrê˛ !ê˛É!ÓÉ Óy
ï˛y•z xyÙyÓ˚ !ê˛É!ÓÉ •Î˚!lÛÈüüüÈ ~Ùl!ê˛ ~ܲòÙ Ë˛yÓˆÏÓl ly– Ϋ˛y ˆÓ˚yà xˆÏlܲ!òl
ÚG£Ï%ô ≤Ã!ï˛ˆÏÓ˚yô# Ϋ˛yÛ Ó°y •Î˚– ~•z G£Ï%ô ≤Ã!ï˛ˆÏÓ˚yô# Ϋ˛yÓ˚ ç#Óyî% xlƒˆÏܲ
ôˆÏÓ˚ ¢Ó˚#ˆÏÓ˚ Óy§y ˆÓшÏô ÌyܲˆÏ° ï˛ˆÏÓ•z G•z§Ó °«˛î ˆòáy ˆòÎ˚– ≤ÃÌÙ ≤ÃÌÙ
§Çe´y!Ùï˛ Ü˛Ó˚ˆÏ° !ï˛!l ÷Ó˚& ˆÌˆÏܲ•z G•z ÚG£Ï%ô ≤Ã!ï˛ˆÏÓ˚yô# Ϋ˛yÛÓ˚ !¢Ü˛yÓ˚
G•z °«˛î=ˆÏ°y ˆòáy lyG !òˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚– Îál ˆòáy ˆòÎ˚ ï˛ál xˆÏlܲ ˆò!Ó˚
•l– ï˛ál §ÓˆÏã˛ˆÏÎ˚ =Ó˚&c˛õ)î≈ G£Ï%ô=ˆÏ°y xyÓ˚ ˆÜ˛ylG ܲyç ܲˆÏÓ˚ ly– G£Ï%ô
•ˆÏÎ˚ ÎyÎ˚– ÙˆÏl Ó˚yáˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓñ ˆÓ˚yà ÷Ó˚&Ó˚ Îï˛ ≤ÃÌÙ !òˆÏܲ !ã˛!ܲͧy ÷Ó˚& ܲÓ˚y
≤Ã!ï˛ˆÏÓ˚yô# Ϋ˛y Óy í»˛yà ˆÓ˚!çfiê˛ƒyrê˛ !ê˛É!ÓÉ !lˆÏÎ˚ ˛õÓ˚Óï≈˛# §ÇáƒyÎ˚ xyˆÏ°yã˛ly
ÎyÎ˚ ï˛ï˛•z §¡õ)î≈ ˆ§ˆÏÓ˚ Gë˛yÓ˚ §Ω˛yÓly ÓyˆÏí˛¸–
ܲÓ˚y ÎyˆÏÓ–
ˆÓ˚yà ôÓ˚y ˛õí˛¸ˆÏ° ܲ# ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓl⁄ ï˛y•z !lˆÏç G !lˆÏçÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ÓyÓ˚ˆÏܲ Ϋ˛yÙ%_´ Ó˚yáˆÏï˛ ˛õ!Ó˚çlñ §Ùyç˛ ï˛Ìy
≤Ã̈ÏÙ•z Ó!°ñ âyÓˆÏí˛¸ ÎyˆÏÓl ly– ÙˆÏl Ó˚yáˆÏÓlñ §¡õ)î≈ G !lÎ˚!Ùï˛ !ã˛!ܲͧyÎ˚ ˆò¢ˆÏܲ Ϋ˛yÙ%_´ Ó˚yá%l– ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ Ùyl%£ÏˆÏܲ ˲yˆÏ°yÓy§yÓ˚ lyÙ•z ˆï˛y ˆò¢ˆÏ≤ÃÙ–
~•z ˆÓ˚yà ˛õ%ˆÏÓ˚y˛õ%!Ó˚ ˆ§ˆÏÓ˚ ÎyÎ˚– ܲˆÏÊ˛ Ϋ˛yÓ˚ ç#Óyî% ly ˛õyGÎ˚y ˆàˆÏ°G
xy˛õlyÓ˚ Ê%˛§Ê%˛ˆÏ§ Ϋ˛y •ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚– ˆ§ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe xy˛õlyÓ˚ ˆÓ˚yˆÏàÓ˚ °«˛î§Ù)• 到áܲ çlfl∫yfliƒ !ӈϢ£ÏKä˛
G Ó%ˆÏܲÓ˚ ~:ÈüȈÓ˚ •zï˛ƒy!ò Îyã˛y•z ܲˆÏÓ˚ í˛y_´yÓ˚ÓyÓ% ï˛y !ë˛Ü˛ ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓl– Î!ò ܲˆÏÊ˛
Ϋ˛yÓ˚ ç#Óyî% ˛õyGÎ˚y ÎyÎ˚ ï˛y•ˆÏ° xy˛õlyÓ˚ Óy!í˛¸Ó˚ ܲyÓ˚&Ó˚ å~ܲ§yˆÏÌ ÎÑyÓ˚y
ÌyˆÏܲlä ܲy!¢ ÌyܲˆÏ° åï˛y Î!ò ò%ÈüȧÆyˆÏ•Ó˚ ܲÙG •Î˚ä ïÑ˛yÓ˚G Ü˛Ê˛ ˛õÓ˚#«˛y
ܲ!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ !ll– ~Ó˚˛õÓ˚ í˛y_´yÓ˚ÓyÓ%ˆÏܲ Ó°%l xy˛õlyÓ˚ Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛ SÈÈüÈÓSÈÓ˚ Óy ï˛yÓ˚
ܲÙÓÎ˚§# ܲÛçl !¢÷ xyˆÏSÈ– ï˛yÓ˚˛õÓ˚ xy˛õlyÓ˚ òy!Î˚c ÷ô% í˛y_´yÓ˚ÓyÓ%Ó˚
!lˆÏò≈¢ ÙˆÏï˛y !lÎ˚!Ùï˛ G §¡õ)î≈ G£Ï%ô áyGÎ˚y– xyˆÏà ܲáˆÏly !ê˛É!ÓÉÈüÈÓ˚ G£Ï%ô
ˆáˆÏÎ˚ ÌyܲˆÏ° ï˛y í˛y_´yÓ˚ÓyÓ%ˆÏܲ çylyˆÏï˛ Ë%˛°ˆÏÓl ly– G£Ï%ô ã˛°yܲy°#l
ˆSÈyˆÏê˛yáyˆÏê˛y §Ù§ƒy •ˆÏ°G •ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚– ˆÎÙlñ !ÓˆÏܲˆÏ°Ó˚ !òˆÏܲ àyˆÏÎ˚ ÓƒÌy
12 ≤ÃÌÙ Ó£Ï≈ ≤ÃÌÙ §Çáƒy ≤ÃÌÙ Ó£Ï≈ ≤ÃÌÙ §Çáƒy 13

x˛õyˆÏÓ˚¢l G !ܲS%È Ë%˛° ôyÓ˚îy
í˛yÉ §Ó%ç Óy°y
˛õê˛° ï˛yÓ˚ ÙyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ܲyˆÏSÈ ÓˆÏ§ xyˆÏSÈ– ˛õyˆÏ¢ GÓ˚ !ò!ò ܲ!Óï˛y ˛õê˛°ˆÏܲ ÓܲˆÏSÈñ
ܲyÓ˚î ˛õê˛° GˆÏòÓ˚ ÙyˆÏܲ ~ܲ ê%˛Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚y §ˆÏ®¢ áyÓyÓ˚ çlƒ ÓyÓ˚ ÓyÓ˚ xl%ˆÏÓ˚yô
ܲÓ˚!SÈ°– xyÓ˚ ÙyÈüÈG !ܲS%ȈÏï˛•z §ˆÏ®¢ áyˆÏÓl ly– ܲ!Óï˛y ˛õê˛°ˆÏܲ Ó°ˆÏSñÈ
Úˆï˛yÓ˚ ÙyÌyÎ˚ ˆàyÓÓ˚ ˆ˛õyÓ˚yñ ÙyÈüÈÓ˚ ly ˆÙyˆÏê˛ §yï˛ !òl xyˆÏà x˛õyˆÏÓ˚¢l
•ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏSÈ⁄ çy!l§ lyñ x˛õyˆÏÓ˚¢ˆÏlÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÓ˚ !Ù!‹T ˆáˆÏï˛ ˆl•z⁄ !Ù!‹T ˆáˆÏ° ˆ§°y•z
ˆ˛õˆÏܲ í˛zë˛ˆÏÓ–Û ÈüüüÈ Ü˛!Óï˛yÓ˚ ôyÓ˚îy!ê˛ !ܲv ~ˆÏܲÓyˆÏÓ˚•z !ë˛Ü˛ lÎ˚– ~Ó˚Ü˛Ù•z
ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲê˛y ôyÓ˚îyÓ˚ ܲÌy Ó!° ˆÎ=ˆÏ°yÓ˚ ˆÜ˛ylG ˜ÓK˛y!lܲ !˲!_ ˆl•z– ˆÎÙlÈüüü
1ä x˛õyˆÏÓ˚¢l ¢#ï˛Ü˛yˆÏ° ܲÓ˚yˆÏ° «˛ï˛fliyl ï˛yí˛¸yï˛y!í˛¸ ÷!ܲˆÏÎ˚ ÎyÎ˚ ~Ùl
ˆÜ˛ylG ôÓ˚yÈüÈÓÑyôy !lÎ˚Ù ˆl•z– ˆÜ˛ylG «˛ˆÏï˛Ó˚ 刧 x˛õyˆÏÓ˚¢ˆÏlÓ˚ çlƒ•z
ˆ•yܲ Óy ò%â≈ê˛lyç!lï˛ Ü˛yÓ˚ˆÏî•z ˆ•yÜ˛ä ˆ§ˆÏÓ˚ Gë˛y (Healing) !lË≈˛Ó˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚
ˆ§•z Óƒ!_´Ó˚ xlye´Ùƒï˛y (Immunity)ñ ˛õ%!‹T (Nutrition) ~ÓÇ Ü˛# ôÓ˚ˆÏlÓ˚
«˛ï˛ (Clean wound/Dirty wound) ï˛yÓ˚ G˛õÓ˚– ~Ùl ˆÜ˛ylG ≤ÃÙyî ˆl•z
ˆÎ ~•z ܲyÓ˚î=!° }ï%˛ xl%ÎyÎ˚# Óò°yÎ˚– «˛ï˛ ˆ§ˆÏÓ˚ Gë˛yÓ˚ §ˆÏD }ï%˛
˛õ!Ó˚Óï≈˛ˆÏlÓ˚ §¡õÜ≈˛ xyˆÏSÈñ ~Ùl ˆÜ˛ylG ˜ÓK˛y!lܲ ≤ÃÙyî ˆl•z–
2ä x˛õyˆÏÓ˚¢ˆÏlÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÓ˚ xˆÏlܲ!òl «˛ï˛fliyˆÏl ç° °yàyˆÏï˛ ˆl•zñ ~•z
ôyÓ˚îyG !ë˛Ü˛ lÎ˚– ˆÎ ˆÜ˛ylG x˛õyˆÏÓ˚¢ˆÏlÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÓ˚ Î!ò ˆ§°y•z ܲÓ˚y ÌyˆÏܲñ
ï˛ˆÏÓ ò%•z!òl Ùye §ÙÎ˚ °yˆÏà ˆ§•z ܲyê˛y çyÎ˚ày Ó¶˛ •ˆÏï˛ (Re-epithelia-
lisation)– xyÓ˚ ˆÙyê˛yÙ%!ê˛ 4ÈüÈ5 !òˆÏlÓ˚ ÙˆÏôƒ «˛ï˛fliyˆÏlÓ˚ çyÎ˚ày!ê˛ ≤ÃyÎ˚
14 ≤ÃÌÙ Ó£Ï≈ ≤ÃÌÙ §Çáƒy
˛õyˆÏ¢Ó˚ ã˛yÙí˛¸yÓ˚ Ùï˛•z •ˆÏÎ˚ ÎyÎ˚–
å3ä xˆÏlˆÏܲ ÙˆÏl ܲˆÏÓ˚l ê˛Ü˛ ˆáˆÏ° «˛ï˛ ÷ˆÏܲyˆÏï˛ ˆò!Ó˚ •Î˚– xÌã˛
x˛õyˆÏÓ˚¢ˆÏlÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÓ˚ «˛ï˛fliyl ˆÎ !fli!ï˛fliy˛õܲ ˛õòyÌ≈ !òˆÏÎ˚ ˛õ)Ó˚î •Î˚ñ ï˛yÓ˚ çlƒ
!˲ê˛y!ÙlÈüÈ!§ xï˛ƒhs˝ çÓ˚&!Ó˚– ~•z !˲ê˛y!ÙlÈüÈ!§ ˛õyGÎ˚y ÎyÎ˚ !Ó!˲ߨ Ó˚Ü˛Ù ê˛Ü˛ çyï˛#Î˚
G xlƒylƒ Ê˛° ˆÌˆÏܲ– ˆÎÙlÈüüüÈ ˆ˛õÎ˚yÓ˚yñ xyÙ°!ܲñ ˆ°Ó%çyï˛#Î˚ Ê˛°ñ xyˆÏ˛õ°ñ
xy.%Ó˚ñ ~Ùl!ܲ ÜÑ˛yã˛y°B˛yÎ˚– §%ï˛Ó˚yÇ ~=ˆÏ°y ˆáˆÏ° «˛!ï˛ ˆï˛y •Î˚•z lyñ ÓÓ˚Ç
«˛ï˛fliyl ï˛yí˛¸yï˛y!í˛¸ ˆ§ˆÏÓ˚ GˆÏ벖 Î!ò ˆÓ˚yà#Ó˚ Ùô%ˆÏÙ• Óy í˛yÎ˚yˆÏÓ!ê˛§ ly ÌyˆÏܲ
ï˛ˆÏÓ !Ù!‹T áyGÎ˚yG ã˛ˆÏ°– ˆÎ ˆÜ˛ylG «˛ï˛ §yÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ¢Ó˚#ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ Óyí˛¸!ï˛ Ü˛ƒy°!Ó˚Ó˚
≤ÈÏÎ˚yçl •Î˚– xyÓ˚ ï˛y á%Ó §•ˆÏç•z !Ù!‹T Óy ¢Ü≈˛Ó˚y çyï˛#Î˚ ˛õòyÌ≈ ˆÌˆÏܲ xyˆÏ§–
ÙySÈ Óy ÙyLjϧ ˆ≤Ãy!ê˛l ÌyˆÏܲ– «˛ï˛ §yÓ˚yˆÏï˛ ˆ≤Ãy!ê˛l ~ܲyhs˝Ë˛yˆÏÓ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçl#Î˚ñ
ܲyÓ˚î ˆ≤Ãy!ê˛ˆÏlÓ˚ §)e Óy Ê˛y•zÓyÓ˚ (Collagen fibre) «˛ï˛fliyl ˛õ)Ó˚î ܲˆÏÓ˚–
å4ä •y!l≈Î˚y x˛õyˆÏÓ˚¢l ܲÓ˚yˆÏ° ˛õ%Ó˚&£ÏˆÏòÓ˚ Ó¶˛ƒyc •ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ñ ~•z ôyÓ˚îyG
!ë˛Ü˛ lÎ˚– §yôyÓ˚îï˛ xy!Ù Ü%Ñ˛ã˛!ܲ Óy Ü%Ñ˛ã˛!ܲÈüÈ÷e´y¢Î˚ xMÈ˛ˆÏ°Ó˚ •y!l≈Î˚y ˆÓ˚yà#ˆÏòÓ˚
ÙˆÏôƒ ~•z ôyÓ˚îy ˆòˆÏá!SÈ– ≤Ã̈ÏÙ•z ӈϰ Ó˚y!áñ •y!l≈Î˚y •° ÙyǧˆÏ˛õ¢#Ó˚
ˆÜ˛ylG ò%Ó≈° çyÎ˚ày !òˆÏÎ˚ ˆ˛õˆÏê˛Ó˚ !Ë˛ï˛ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ xsf (Intestine) Óy xsf!V˛!Õ‘Ó˚
(Omentum) !ܲS%È xÇ¢ ˆÓ!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ xy§y– ˆÓ!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ xy§y xÇ¢!ê˛ x˛õyˆÏÓ˚¢l
ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˛õ%lÓ˚yÎ˚ !Ë˛ï˛ˆÏÓ˚ ì%˛!ܲˆÏÎ˚ Ü,˛!eÙ çy° (Mesh) !òˆÏÎ˚ G•z ò%Ó≈° fliyl!ê˛ˆÏܲ
ˆì˛ˆÏܲ ˆòGÎ˚y •Î˚– §%ï˛Ó˚yÇ •y!l≈Î˚y x˛õyˆÏÓ˚¢ˆÏlÓ˚ ܲyÓ˚ˆÏî Ó¶˛ƒyc (Infertility)
•ÓyÓ˚ ˆÜ˛ylG §Ω˛yÓly ÌyˆÏܲ ly– ܲyÓ˚î ÷e´y¢Î˚ ˆï˛y ˆÜ˛ˆÏê˛ ˆòGÎ˚y •Î˚ ly–
å5ä ˛õ%ˆÏí˛¸ ÎyGÎ˚y ˆÓ˚yà#ˆÏܲ §Ó≈òy í˛zFã˛ Ü˛ƒy°!Ó˚Î%_´ (High protein)
áyÓyÓ˚ ˆòGÎ˚y í˛z!ã˛ï˛– ˆÓ!¢ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆ≤Ãy!ê˛l Óy xy!Ù£Ï áyòƒñ ˆÎÙlÈüüüÈÙySÈñ
Ùyǧñ !í˛Ù •zï˛ƒy!ò ~ÓÇ ¢Ü≈˛Ó˚yçyï˛#Î˚ áyòƒñ ˆÎÙlÈüüüÈ Ë˛yï˛ñ Ó˚&!ê˛ñ Ê˛°ñ
ã˛ˆÏܲyˆÏ°ê˛ñ xy•z§!e´Ù ≤ÃË,˛!ï˛ áyGÎ˚y ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçl– ï˛ˆÏÓ §ÙhflÏ áyòƒ•z §•ç˛õyã˛ƒ
•ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ–
å6ä ̃y°yˆÏ§!ÙÎ˚y ˆÓ˚yà#Ó˚ !˛õˆÏ° (Spleen) Óí˛¸ •Î˚– !˛õˆÏ° Óy ≤’#•yÓ˚
ܲyç •° Ó,k˛ Óy xܲÙ≈îƒ ˆ°y!•ï˛ Ó˚_´Ü˛!îܲy=!°ˆÏܲ ˆÙˆÏÓ˚ ˆÊ˛°yñ xyÓ˚ ˆ§•z
§ˆÏD ˆ°y•y (Iron)ÈüÈˆÜ˛ ˛õ%lÓ˚yÎ˚ ÓƒÓ•yÓ˚ˆÏÎyàƒ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ ï%˛ˆÏ° lï%˛l ˆ°y!•ï˛
Ó˚_´Ü˛!îܲy (RBC) ˜ï˛!Ó˚Ó˚ çlƒ çyÎ˚ày Ùï˛l ˛õy!ë˛ˆÏÎ˚ ˆòGÎ˚y– ̃y°yˆÏ§!ÙÎ˚yˆÏï˛
xܲÙ≈îƒ ˆ°y!•ï˛ Ó˚_´Ü˛!îܲy ˜ï˛!Ó˚ •Î˚ !çlàï˛ Ü˛yÓ˚ˆÏî– ≤’#•y (Spleen)
~ˆÏòÓ˚ ôˆÏÓ˚ ôˆÏÓ˚ ˆÙˆÏÓ˚ ˆÊ˛ˆÏ°– xyÓ˚ ¢Ó˚#ˆÏÓ˚ Îï˛ ˆÓ!¢ xܲÙ≈îƒ ˆ°y!•ï˛
Ó˚_´Ü˛!îܲy ˜ï˛!Ó˚ •Î˚ñ ≤’#•yˆÏܲ ï˛ï˛ ˆÓ!¢ ܲyç ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ •Î˚– ï˛y•z ï˛yÓ˚
xyܲyÓ˚G ï˛ï˛ Óí˛¸ •ˆÏï˛ ÌyˆÏܲ–
到áܲ !Ó!¢‹T ˛¢°ƒ!ã˛!ܲͧܲä
≤ÃÌÙ Ó£Ï≈ ≤ÃÌÙ §Çáƒy 15

!¢÷ÈüÈ!ܲˆÏ¢yÓ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ ˆã˛yˆÏáÓ˚ §Ù§ƒy
í˛yÉ !ÓŸª!çÍ §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚
ˆã˛yáÈüÈܲylÈüÈlyܲÈüÈ!ç˲ÈüÈã˛yÙí˛¸yÈüüüÈ ~•z ˛õÑyã˛!ê˛ !ӈϢ£Ï xD xyÙyˆÏòÓ˚ˆÏܲ ≤ÃÜ,˛!ï˛ G
˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏӈϢÓ˚ §yˆÏÌ ˆÎyàyˆÏÎyà Ó˚«˛y ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ §y•y΃ ܲˆÏÓ˚– ~ˆÏòÓ˚ ÙˆÏôƒ xlƒï˛Ù
≤Ãôyl xD ˆã˛yá– xyÙyˆÏòÓ˚ ~ܲê˛y §yôyÓ˚î ôyÓ˚îy xyˆÏSÈ üüüÈ ÓÎ˚§ Óyí˛¸ˆ° Ï •z ˆã˛yˆÏáÓ˚
ò,!‹T «˛#î •ˆÏÎ˚ xyˆÏ§– âê˛ly !ܲv ˛õ%ˆÏÓ˚y˛õ%!Ó˚
ï˛y lÎ˚– xyÙyˆÏòÓ˚ !¢÷ˆÏòÓ˚ xˆÏlˆÏܲ•zñ ≤ÃyÎ˚
≤Ã!ï˛ ˛õÑyã˛çˆÏl ~ܲçlñ ~•z «˛#î ò,!‹T¢!_´Ó˚
!¢Ü˛yÓ˚– xyÙÓ˚y ï˛y ¢ly_´ ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ˛õy!Ó˚ lyó
!ܲÇÓy ¢ly_´ ܲÓ˚ˆïÏ ˛ çy!l ly– Ê˛ˆÏ° !¢÷ˆÏòÓ˚
xˆÏlˆÏܲ•z «˛#î ò,!‹T¢!_´Ó˚ ܲyÓ˚ˆÏî ˛õí˛¸y÷lyñ
ˆá°yô)°y §• xlƒylƒ ܲyˆÏç e´Ù¢ !˛õ!SȈÏÎ˚
˛õí˛¸ˆÏï˛ ÌyˆÏܲ G ˛õÓ˚Óï≈˛# ç#ÓˆÏl x˛õ)Ó˚î#Î˚ «˛!ï˛Ó˚ §¡ø%á#l •Î˚– xÌã˛ xyÙÓ˚yñ
xÌ≈yÍ ÓyÓyÈüÈÙy G fl%҈ϰÓ˚ !¢«˛Ü˛Ó˚y ~ܲê%˛ §ˆÏã˛ï˛l •ˆÏ°•z ~•z x§Çრ«˛#î
ò,!‹T¢!_´Ó˚ !¢÷ˆÏòÓ˚ ¢ly_´ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ÎÌyÎÌ ÓƒÓfliy !lˆÏï˛ ˛õy!Ó˚–
xyÙÓ˚y Îy !ܲS%È ˆò!á ï˛y Îál ˆã˛yˆÏáÓ˚ ˆÓ˚!ê˛ly lyÙܲ ˛õò≈yÎ˚ !ë˛Ü˛Ùï˛ SÈ!Ó
˜ï˛!Ó˚ ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ ly ï˛ál ï˛yˆÏܲ xyÙÓ˚y «˛#î ò,!‹T ӈϰ ôˆÏÓ˚ !l•z– xye´yhs˝
!¢÷ˆÏòÓ˚ ܲyÓ˚&Ó˚ ܲyˆÏSÈÓ˚ !ç!l§ ˆòáˆÏï˛ xyÓyÓ˚ ܲyˆÏÓ˚y Óy ò)ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ !ç!l§
ˆòáˆÏï˛ x§%!Óôy •Î˚– ˆÜ˛í˛z ˆÜ˛í˛z ˆÜ˛yˆÏly !ç!l§ˆÏܲ xÑyܲyÓÑyܲy ˆòˆÏá– xy˛õlyÓ˚
!¢÷Ó˚ ÙˆÏôƒ Î!ò l#ˆÏã˛ í˛zˆÏÕ‘!áï˛ ˆÜ˛ylG ~ܲ!ê˛ Óy ~ܲy!ôܲ °«˛î ˆòáˆÏï˛ ˛õyl
ï˛ˆÏÓ ï˛y «˛#î ò,!‹T •ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ÈüüüÈ
 xˆÏlܲ«˛î ôˆÏÓ˚ ï˛y!ܲˆÏÎ˚ ÌyܲˆÏï˛ •Î˚ ~Ùl ܲyçñ ÎÌyÈüüüÈ ˛õí˛¸yñ •yˆÏï˛Ó˚ ˆ°áy
•zï˛ƒy!ò ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ !àˆÏÎ˚ ÙˆÏlyˆÏÎyà •y!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ ˆÊ˛°ˆÏSÈ–
 ˛õí˛¸yÓ˚ §ÙÎ˚ Ó•zˆÏÎ˚ ˆÎ °y•zl Óy ˆÎ ¢∑ ˛õí˛¸!SÈ° ï˛y •y!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ ˆÊ˛°ˆÏSÈ–
 ˛õí˛¸y Óy ˆ°áyÓ˚ §ÙÎ˚ Ó•z Óy áyï˛yÓ˚ á%Ó Ü˛yˆÏSÈ ˆã˛yá ˆÓ˚ˆÏá ˛õí˛¸ˆÏSÈ Óy !°áˆÏSÈ–
 ˛õí˛¸yñ ˆ°áy Óy SÈ!Ó xÑyܲyÓ˚ ÙˆÏï˛y ܲyç xy˛õlyÓ˚ !¢÷ ~!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ ÎyˆÏFSÈ Óy
ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ã˛y•zˆÏSÈ ly–
 §yÙˆÏlÓ˚ ˆÜ˛ylG !ܲS%ȈÏܲ ˆòáyÓ˚ çlƒ âyí˛¸ ~ܲ!òˆÏܲ ÓÑy!ܲˆÏÎ˚ xyí˛¸ˆÏã˛yˆÏá ï˛yܲyˆÏFSÈ–
~•z °«˛î=!°Ó˚ ˆÜ˛ylG ~ܲ!ê˛ Óy ~ܲy!ôܲ Î!ò xy˛õlyÓ˚ !¢÷Ó˚ ÙˆÏôƒ °«˛
ܲˆÏÓ˚l ï˛ˆÏÓ xÓ¢ƒ•z ˆÜ˛ylG ˆã˛yˆÏáÓ˚ í˛y_´yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˛õÓ˚yÙ¢≈ ˆlˆÏÓl–
16 ≤ÃÌÙ Ó£Ï≈ ≤ÃÌÙ §Çáƒy
~Ó˚ ˛õy¢y˛õy!¢ xyÓ˚G !ܲS%È °«˛î xy˛õlyÓ˚ ˆã˛yˆÏá ˛õí˛¸ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚– Î!ò ˆòˆÏál
xy˛õlyÓ˚ §hs˝yl xfl∫y˲y!Óܲ Ó˚ܲˆÏÙÓ˚ ˆÓ!¢ âlâl ˆã˛yˆÏáÓ˚ ˛õyï˛y !˛õê˛!˛õê˛ Ü˛Ó˚ˆÏSÈó
!ܲÇÓy §¶˛ƒyˆÏÓ°y Óy xyˆÏ°yxÑyôy!Ó˚ˆÏï˛ •Ñyê˛ˆÏï˛ !àˆÏÎ˚ âlâl ˆ•Ñyã˛ê˛ Óy xySÈyí˛¸
áyˆÏFSÈñ xÌÓy Ü˛Ù xyˆÏ°yˆÏï˛ Îál §ÙÓÎ˚flÒÓ˚y fl∫FSȈϮ ˆòÔˆÏí˛¸yˆÏòÔ!í˛¸ ܲÓ˚ˆÏSÈ ï˛ál
!ܲv xy˛õlyÓ˚ !¢÷!ê˛ ã%˛˛õã˛y˛õ ӈϧ ÌyܲˆÏSÈ– ~Ùl °«˛î ÌyܲˆÏ° xy˛õlyÓ˚ !¢÷!ê˛Ó˚
!˲ê˛y!ÙlÈü~ ~Ó˚ x˲yˆÏÓ ÷‹Òy!«˛ Óy Ó˚yï˛Ü˛yly •GÎ˚yÓ˚ §Ω˛yÓly ˆÓ!¢– ï˛y•ˆÏ°
xÓ¢ƒ•z ˆÜ˛ylG ˆã˛yˆÏáÓ˚ í˛y_´yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˛õÓ˚yÙ¢≈ !ll– ~SÈyí˛¸y !˲ê˛y!ÙlÈü~ ~Ó˚ x˲yÓ
ÎyˆÏï˛ ly •Î˚ ï˛yÓ˚ çlƒ xy˛õlyÓ˚ §hs˝ylˆÏܲ !lÎ˚!Ùï˛ §Ó%ç ¢yܲ§!∂ ˆáˆÏï˛ !òl–
ÙyLjϧÓ˚ ˆÙˆÏê˛ å!°Ë˛yÓ˚äñ !í˛Ùñ ò%ôñ àyçÓ˚ñ ê˛ˆÏÙˆÏê˛y §• §ÙhflÏ §Ó%ç ¢yܲ§!∂ˆÏï˛
≤ÃË)˛ï˛ ˛õ!Ó˚ÙyˆÏî !˲ê˛y!ÙlÈüÈ~ ÌyˆÏܲ– xyÓ˚G =Ó˚&c˛õ)î≈ !Ó£ÏÎ˚ •°ÈüüüÈ !˲ê˛y!ÙlÈüÈ~
ˆï˛° áyGÎ˚yˆÏly– §yӈϧrê˛yÓ˚ Óy í˛z˛õfl∫yfliƒˆÏܲˆÏw !ê˛Ü˛y ˆòGÎ˚yÓ˚ ˛õy¢y˛õy!¢ xy˛õlyÓ˚
!¢÷ˆÏܲ 9 Ùy§ ˆÌˆÏܲ 5 ÓSÈÓ˚ ÓÎ˚§ ˛õÎ≈hs˝ ˆÙyê˛ 9 ˆí˛yç !˲ê˛y!ÙlÈüÈ~ ˆï˛°
áyGÎ˚yˆÏly •Î˚ÈüüüÈ ˆÎê˛y xÓ¢ƒ•z áyGÎ˚yˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ–
~SÈyí˛¸yG ˆã˛yá ˲yˆÏ°y Ó˚yáˆÏï˛ !l¡¨!°!áï˛ !Ó£ÏÎ˚=ˆÏ°y ˆáÎ˚y° Ó˚yá%lÈüüü
 xy˛õlyÓ˚ !¢÷ ˆÎl x˛õ!Ó˚‹ÒyÓ˚ •yï˛ ˆã˛yˆÏá ly ˆòÎ˚–
 ˆã˛yˆÏá !ܲS%È ˛õí˛¸ˆÏ°ñ ˆã˛yá çμy°y Óy áã‰˛áã‰˛ ܲÓ˚ˆÏ° ܲálG ˆÎl •yï˛ !òˆÏÎ˚
ˆã˛yá ly Ó˚àí˛¸yÎ˚– ~ˆÏï˛ ˆã˛yˆÏáÓ˚ ܲ!l≈Î˚yÓ˚ åˆã˛yˆÏáÓ˚ ܲyˆÏ°y xÇ¢ä «˛!ï˛ •ˆÏï˛
˛õyˆÏÓ˚– ~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe ˆã˛yˆÏá ˛õ!Ó˚‹ÒyÓ˚ çˆÏ°Ó˚ V˛y˛õê˛y ˆòGÎ˚y ˆÎˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚–
 ã%˛lñ xƒy!§í˛ñ ܲ#ê˛ly¢Ü˛ Óy xlƒ ˆÎ ˆÜ˛ylG Ó˚y§yÎ˚!lܲ ˛õòyÌ≈ !¢÷ˆÏòÓ˚
lyàyˆÏ°Ó˚ Óy•zˆÏÓ˚ Ó˚yá%l–
 Óy!ç Óy ˛õê˛Ü˛y Ê˛yê˛yˆÏly ˆÌˆÏܲ xy˛õlyÓ˚ !¢÷ˆÏܲ ÎÌy§Ω˛Ó ò)ˆÏÓ˚ Ó˚yá%l–
 S%È!Ó˚ˆÏï˛ ôyÓ˚ ˆòGÎ˚yñ !@˝ÃˆÏ°Ó˚ ܲyçñ ¢_´ ˆòGÎ˚yˆÏ° ˆ˛õˆÏÓ˚ܲ ˆë˛yܲyñ àÓ˚Ù ˆï˛ˆÏ° !ܲS%È
˲yçy •zï˛ƒy!ò ܲyçñ ÎyˆÏï˛ ˆÜ˛ylG ê%˛Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚y !SÈê˛ˆÏܲ ˛õí˛¸yÓ˚ §Ω˛yÓly xyˆÏSÈ ~Ùl
çyÎ˚ày ˆÌˆÏܲ xy˛õlyÓ˚ !¢÷ˆÏܲ !lÓ˚y˛õò ò)Ó˚ˆÏc Ó˚yá%l–
 =°!ï˛ñ ˆá°ly !˛õhflÏ° Óy !ï˛Ó˚ÈüÈôl%ܲ •zï˛ƒy!ò !lˆÏÎ˚ xy˛õlyÓ˚ !¢÷ˆÏܲ ˆá°ˆÏï˛
ˆòˆÏÓl ly–
 Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛ Ìyܲy ~ܲçˆÏlÓ˚˚ ˆã˛yˆÏáÓ˚ í»˛˛õ ܲálG xˆÏlƒÓ˚ ˆã˛yˆÏá °yàyˆÏÓl ly–
 ܲl‰çyÇ!Q˲y•z!ê˛§‰ åˆã˛yá Gë˛yä •ˆÏ° ˆã˛yá ˆÙySÈyÓ˚ çlƒ ˛õ!Ó˚‹ÒyÓ˚ lÓ˚Ù Ü˛y˛õí˛¸ Óy
Ó˚&Ùy° çˆÏ° !˲!çˆÏÎ˚ ÓƒÓ•yÓ˚ ܲÓ˚&l– ~ܲ ˆã˛yˆÏáÓ˚ Ó˚&Ùy° xlƒ ˆã˛yˆÏá ~ÓÇ
~ܲçˆÏlÓ˚ Ó˚&Ùy° xlƒçˆÏlÓ˚ ˆã˛yˆÏá ˆòˆÏÓl ly– ˆã˛yáGë˛y ˆÓ˚yà# Óy ï˛yÓ˚ ÓƒÓ•*ï˛
Ó˚&ÙyˆÏ°Ó˚ §ÇflõˆÏ¢≈ ~ˆÏ° ˲yˆÏ°y ܲˆÏÓ˚ §yÓyl !òˆÏÎ˚ •yï˛ ô%ˆÏÎ˚ ˆÊ˛°%l–
 xy˛õlyÓ˚ §h s ˝ y ˆÏ l Ó˚ ˆã˛yˆÏ á Ó˚ ˆÜ˛ylG Ó˚ Ü ˛Ù §Ù§ƒyÎ˚ ܲál•z ˆÜ˛ylG •yï% ˛ ˆÏ í ˛¸
í˛y_´yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˛õÓ˚yÙ¢≈ ˆlˆÏÓl ly–
ˆã˛yá xÙ)°ƒ §¡õò– ï˛y•z ˆã˛yˆÏáÓ˚ ˆÜ˛ylG §Ù§ƒyÎ˚ xӈϕ°y ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓl ly–
xy˛õlyÓ˚ §hs˝yˆÏlÓ˚ ˆã˛yˆÏáÓ˚ Îb !ll–
到áܲ !Ó!¢‹T ˛ã˛«%˛ˆÏÓ˚yà !ӈϢ£ÏK˛ä
≤ÃÌÙ Ó£Ï≈ ≤ÃÌÙ §Çáƒy 17

òÑyï˛ ÌyܲˆÏï˛ òÑyˆÏï˛Ó˚ ÙÙ≈ Ó%V%˛l
í˛yÉ ˆÜ˛Ô!¢Ü˛ !ÓŸªy§
~álܲyÓ˚ §ÙˆÏÎ˚ òÑy!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ xyÙçlï˛yÓ˚ ≤ÈÏï˛ƒˆÏܲ•z x“!ÓhflÏÓ˚ ¢Ó˚#Ó˚ §ˆÏã˛ï˛l– ï˛ˆÏÓ
¢Ó˚#ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆÎ xÇ¢!ê˛ !lˆÏÎ˚ §ÓˆÏã˛ˆÏÎ˚ ˆÓ!¢ §ˆÏã˛ï˛l •GÎ˚y í˛z!ã˛ï˛ ï˛y !ܲv
ˆÓ!¢Ó˚˲yà §ÙˆÏÎ˚•z xӈϕ!°ï˛ ˆÌˆÏܲ ÎyÎ˚– •Ñƒyñ òÑyˆÏï˛Ó˚ ܲÌy•z Ó°!SÈ– ܲyÓ˚î
á%Ó ˛õ!Ó˚‹ÒyÓ˚– ÓÑyã˛ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏ°
ˆáˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓñ xyÓ˚ ˆáˆÏï˛ •ˆÏ°
òÓ˚ Ü ˛yÓ˚ Ù% á G òÑ y ï˛–
˲yˆÏ°yÙ® ˆáˆÏï˛ •ˆÏ° ï˛y•z
Ù% ˆ Ï á Ó˚ ˆË˛ï˛ˆÏ Ó ˚ Ó ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛!ê˛
xÇˆÏ ¢ Ó˚ Îb ˆlGÎ˚ y
≤ÈÏÎ˚yçl– òÑyï˛ G Ù%ˆÏáÓ˚
fl∫yfliƒ ˲yˆÏ°y ÌyܲˆÏ° áyˆÏÓl
˲yˆÏ°yñ ÓÑyã˛ˆÏÓlG ˲yˆÏ°y–
§ÓˆÏã˛ˆÏÎ˚ ˆÓ!¢ Ùyl%£Ïñ !¢÷ ˆÌˆÏܲ Ó,k˛ñ òÑyˆÏï˛Ó˚ ˆÎ §Ù§ƒyÎ˚ ˆË˛yˆÏàl ï˛y
•°ÈüüüÈ òÑyˆÏï˛Ó˚ «˛Î˚ ˆÓ˚yàñ !ã˛!ܲͧy ˛õ!Ó˚˲y£ÏyÎ˚ Îy Úˆí˛rê˛y° ˆÜ˛!Ó˚çÛ– ã˛°!ï˛ Ü˛ÌyÎ˚
~ˆÏܲ xyÙÓ˚y òÑyˆÏï˛ ˆ˛õyܲy °yày Ó!°–˛ ~•z «˛Î˚ ˆÓ˚yà ˆÌˆÏܲ ˛õÓ˚Óï≈˛#ˆÏï˛ Ùy!í˛¸
ˆÌˆÏܲ Ó˚_´ ˛õí˛¸yñ òÑyˆÏï˛Ó˚ Îsfîyñ òÑyï˛ lˆÏí˛¸ xܲyˆÏ° ˛õˆÏí˛¸ ÎyGÎ˚yñ òÑyˆÏï˛Ó˚ ˆàyí˛¸yÎ˚
ˆÊÑ˛yí˛¸y §• Ùy!í˛¸ G òÑyˆÏï˛Ó˚ lyly ÎsfîyòyÎ˚ܲ §Ù§ƒyÓ˚ §,!‹T •Î˚– òÑyˆÏï˛ Ü˛yˆÏ°y ˆSÈy˛õñ
òÑyï˛ «˛ˆÏÎ˚ ÎyGÎ˚y G òÑyˆÏï˛ àï≈˛ •zï˛ƒy!ò •° ~•z ˆÓ˚yˆÏàÓ˚ ≤ÃyÌ!Ùܲ °«˛î– áyÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚
ê%˛Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚y òÑyˆÏï˛Ó˚ ÊÑ˛yˆÏܲ xyê˛ˆÏܲ ÌyܲˆÏ° ˆ§áyˆÏl !ܲS%È ç#Óyî% çß√yÎ˚– ~•z ç#Óyî%
òÑyˆÏï˛ xyê˛ˆÏܲ Ìyܲy áyÓyÓ˚ ˆáˆÏÎ˚ ~ܲÓ˚ܲˆÏÙÓ˚ xƒy!§í˛ ˜ï˛!Ó˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ Îy ˆÌˆÏܲ•z
òÑyˆÏï˛Ó˚ «˛Î˚ ÷Ó˚& •Î˚– Ê˛ˆÏ° ~ܲê˛y !ç!l§ ˛õ!Ó˚‹ÒyÓ˚ ˆÎ ~•z «˛Î˚ˆÓÏ y˚ à ˆÌˆÏܲ òÑyï˛ˆÏܲ
ÓÑyã˛yˆÏï˛ ˆàˆÏ° áyÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ xÇ¢ òÑyˆÏï˛ ˆÓ!¢«˛î xyê˛ˆÏܲ ÌyܲˆÏï˛ ˆòGÎ˚y ÎyˆÏÓ ly–
xyÓ˚ ~ê%˛Ü%˛ ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚ˆÏ°•z ˆÜ˛Õ‘y Ê˛ˆÏï˛– xy˛õlyÓ˚ òÑyï˛ G Ù%ˆÏáÓ˚ §%fl∫yfliƒ !l!Ÿã˛ï˛–
ܲ# ܲ# ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓl
 ≤Ã!ï˛ÓyÓ˚ áyGÎ˚yÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ ˲yˆÏ°y ܲˆÏÓ˚ Ü%˛°Ü%˛!ã˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ Ù%á ˆôyˆÏÓl–
 Ó˚yˆÏï˛ ÷ˆÏï˛ ÎyGÎ˚yÓ˚ xyˆÏà ~ÓÇ §Ü˛yˆÏ° áyGÎ˚yÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ xÓ¢ƒ•z ê%˛ÌÓ y¢ G
ê%˛ÌˆÏ˛õfiê˛ !òˆÏÎ˚ òÑyï˛ ÙyçˆÏÓl– òÑyˆÏï˛Ó˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚ÈüÈl#ã˛ ÓÓ˚yÓÓ˚ òÑyï˛ Ó y¢ ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓl–
18 ≤ÃÌÙ Ó£Ï≈ ≤ÃÌÙ §Çáƒy
 ã˛Ü˛ˆÏ°ê˛ Óy xlƒylƒ ã˛ê˛ã˛ˆÏê˛ !Ù!‹T çyï˛#Î˚ !ç!l§ !¢÷Ó˚y ˆáˆÏ° §yˆÏÌ §yˆÏÌ
òÑyï˛ Ó y¢ ܲ!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ !òl–
ܲ# ܲ# ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓl ly
 ˆÜ˛y”˛ !í»˛B˛§‰ñ ï˛yÙyܲçyï˛ oÓƒñ ˛õylÈüȧ%˛õy!Ó˚ ÎÌy§Ω˛Ó áyˆÏÓl ly–
 =í˛¸yá%ñ l!§ƒñ ܲÎ˚°yñ SÈy•zñ l%lÈüÈˆï˛° •zï˛ƒy!ò !òˆÏÎ˚ òÑyï˛ ÙyçˆÏÓl ly–
 ã˛Ü˛ˆÏ°ê˛ Óy xlƒylƒ ã˛ê˛ã˛ˆÏê˛ !Ù!‹T çyï˛#Î˚ áyÓyÓ˚ ÓyFSÈyˆÏòÓ˚ ÎÌy§Ω˛Ó ˆáˆÏï˛
ˆòˆÏÓl ly–
xÓ¢ƒ•z ÙˆÏl Ó˚yáˆÏÓl
 G£Ï%ô !òˆÏÎ˚ Óy xlƒ ˲yˆÏÓ òÑyˆÏï˛Ó˚ ˆ˛õyܲy ˆÓÓ˚ ܲÓ˚y ~ܲÓ˚ܲˆÏÙÓ˚ ôyØyÓy!çÈüüüÈ
xy˛õ!l ~Ó˚ !¢Ü˛yÓ˚ •ˆÏÓl ly–
 òÑyï˛ ÓƒÌyñ Ùy!í˛¸ !òˆÏÎ˚ Ó˚_´ ˛õí˛¸yñ Ùy!í˛¸ Ê%˛ˆÏ° ÎyGÎ˚y ≤ÃË,˛!ï˛ òÑyï˛ G Ù%ˆÏáÓ˚
ˆÎ ˆÜ˛ylG §Ù§ƒy •ˆÏ° x!Ó°ˆÏ¡∫ ܲySÈyܲy!SÈ ˆÜ˛ylG §Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ •y§˛õyï˛yˆÏ°Ó˚
!ܲÇÓy ≤Ãy•zˆÏ˲ˆÏê˛ òÑyˆÏï˛Ó˚ !ӈϢ£ÏK˛ í˛y_´yÓ˚ÓyÓ%ˆÏܲ•z å˛õy¢ ܲÓ˚y í˛y_´yÓ˚ä
ˆòáyˆÏÓl– Ë%˛° ܲˆÏÓ˚G ˆÜ˛ylG •yï%˛ˆÏí˛¸ í˛y_´yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ¢Ó˚îy˛õߨ •ˆÏÓl ly–
xyÓ˚G ÙˆÏl Ó˚yáˆÏÓl
 xyÙyˆÏòÓ˚ ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ ܲƒyl§yÓ˚ ˆÓ˚yà#ˆÏòÓ˚ ÙˆÏôƒ §ÓˆÏã˛ˆÏÎ˚ ˆÓ!¢ Ùyl%£Ï Ù%ˆÏáÓ˚
ܲƒyl§yˆÏÓ˚ ˆË˛yˆÏàl– ˆÎ ˆÜ˛ylG ï˛yÙyܲçyï˛#Î˚ oÓƒ ˆ§ÓˆÏlÓ˚ Ü%˛ÈüÈx˲ƒy§
ÌyܲˆÏ° ~•z Ù%ˆÏáÓ˚ ܲƒyl§yÓ˚ •GÎ˚yÓ˚ §Ω˛yÓly Ó‡ =î ˆÓˆÏí˛¸ ÎyÎ˚–
 Ùy!í˛¸Ó˚ Ó˚_´ ˛õí˛¸y ˆÓ˚yà ÌyܲˆÏ° ï˛y ˆÌˆÏܲ •yˆÏê≈˛Ó˚ x§%á G í˛yÎ˚yˆÏÓ!ê˛§ ˆÓ˚yˆÏàÓ˚
§Ω˛yÓly G Óƒy!Æ ò%ˆÏê˛y•z ˆÓˆÏí˛¸ ÎyÎ˚–
 ÓyFSÈyˆÏòÓ˚ ò%ˆÏôÓ˚ òÑyˆÏï˛Ó˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏeG ~ܲ•zÓ˚Ü˛Ù §ï˛Ü≈˛ï˛y ˆlGÎ˚y ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçl–
 àË≈˛Óï˛# ÙyˆÏÎ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ Ù%ˆÏáÓ˚ fl∫yˆÏfliƒÓ˚ !òˆÏܲ lçÓ˚ !òl– ~•z xÓfliyÎ˚ òÑyï˛ñ Ùy!í˛¸
Óy Ù%áà•¥ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆÜ˛ylG §Ù§ƒy •ˆÏ°•z x!Ó°ˆÏ¡∫ í˛y_´yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˛õÓ˚yÙ¢≈ !ll–
xyÓ˚ ~•z§Ó ˛õÓ˚yÙ¢≈ G §ï˛Ü≈˛ï˛yÙ)°Ü˛ ÓƒÓfliy ˆÙˆÏl ã˛°ˆÏï˛ xy˛õlyˆÏܲ ˛õÎ˚§y
ÓƒÎ˚ ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ •Î˚ ly– xyÓ˚ •ˆÏ°G ï˛y x!ï˛ §yÙylƒ•z– !ܲv ~Ó˚ Ê˛ˆÏ° xy˛õ!l G
xy˛õlyÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ÓyÓ˚ ÌyܲˆÏÓl §%Ó˚!«˛ï˛–
ˆçˆÏl Ó˚yá%lñ ~•z «˛Î˚ç!lï˛ Ü˛yÓ˚ˆÏî òÑyˆÏï˛Ó˚ ~Ùl !ܲS%È §Ù§ƒy ˜ï˛!Ó˚ •Î˚ ÎyÓ˚
!ã˛!ܲͧy ˆÓ!¢Ó˚˲yà ˆ«˛ˆÏe xy˛õlyÓ˚ Óy!í˛¸Ó˚ ܲyˆÏSÈÓ˚ §Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ •y§˛õyï˛yˆÏ° •Î˚
ly– xyÓ˚ ≤Ãy•zˆÏ˲ˆÏê˛ !ã˛!ܲͧy ܲÓ˚yˆÏï˛ ≤Ã!ï˛!ê˛ òÑyˆÏï˛Ó˚ çlƒ !ï˛l ˆÌˆÏܲ ˛õÑyã˛ •yçyÓ˚
ê˛yܲy ˛õÎ≈hs˝ áÓ˚ã˛ •Î˚– ï˛y•z §ˆÏã˛ï˛l ˆ•ylñ xlƒˆÏܲ §ˆÏã˛ï˛l ܲÓ˚&l G òÑyˆÏï˛Ó˚
«˛Î˚ˆÏÓ˚yàˆÏܲ ≤Ã!ï˛•ï˛ Ü˛Ó˚&l–
到áܲ !Ó!¢‹T òhs˝ˆÏÓ˚yà !ӈϢ£ÏK˛äÈ
≤ÃÌÙ Ó£Ï≈ ≤ÃÌÙ §Çáƒy 19
 !ܲS%È çÓ˚&!Ó˚ ï˛Ìƒ
!ã˛!ܲͧy ÓƒÎ˚ ≠ ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲ!ê˛ ï˛Ìƒ
 xyÙÓ˚y ˲yÓ˚ï˛Óy§#Ó˚y 2014ÈüÈ15 §yˆÏ° !lˆÏçˆÏòÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÜ˛ê˛ ˆÌˆÏܲ fl∫yfliƒáyˆÏï˛
ˆÙyê˛ ÓƒÎ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚!SÈ 3ñ02ñ424 å!ï˛l °«˛ ò%Û •yçyÓ˚ ã˛yÓ˚ ¢ï˛ ã˛!ÓÁ¢ä ˆÜ˛y!ê˛
ê˛yܲyñ Îy fl∫yfliƒáyˆÏï˛Ó˚ ˆÙyê˛ ÓƒÎ˚ 4ñ25ñ950 ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ ê˛yܲyÓ˚ 70 ¢ï˛yLjϢÓ˚G
ˆÓ!¢– ÎyÓ˚ ÙˆÏôƒ ÷ô% G£Ï%ô !ܲlˆÏï˛ ÓƒÎ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚!SÈ 1ñ30ñ451 å~ܲ °«˛ !e¢
•yçyÓ˚ ã˛yÓ˚ ¢ï˛ ~ܲyß¨ä ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ ê˛yܲy–
 fl∫yfliƒáyˆÏï˛ ˆÙyê˛ ÓƒÎ˚ 100 ê˛yܲy •ˆÏ°ÈüüüÈ
ˆÜ˛w §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ ÓƒÎ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ 8É20 ê˛yܲy
Ó˚yçƒ §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ ÓƒÎ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ 13É30 ê˛yܲy
ˆ°yܲy° Ó!í˛ å!Ùí˛z!l!§˛õƒy!°!ê˛ •zï˛ƒy!òä ÓƒÎ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ 0É70 ê˛yܲy
lyà!Ó˚ܲˆÏòÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÜ˛ê˛ ˆÌˆÏܲ ÓƒÎ˚ •Î˚ 71É00 ê˛yܲy
!ÓÙy ˆÜ˛y¡õy!l ÓƒÎ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ 4É50 ê˛yܲy
ˆfl∫FSÈyˆÏ§Ó# ≤Ã!ï˛¤˛yl ÓƒÎ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ 1É60 ê˛yܲy
òyï˛y §Çfliy ÓƒÎ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ 0É70 ê˛yܲy
å§)e ≠ ˆÜ˛w#Î˚ fl∫yfliƒ Ùsfܲ ܲï≈,˛Ü˛ ≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛ lƒy¢yly° ˆ•°Ì xƒyܲyí˛zrê˛§ä
!ã˛!ܲͧy G à!Ó˚!Ó
!ã˛!ܲͧyÓ˚ ÓƒÎ˚ Ó•l ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ !àˆÏÎ˚ ˲yÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ÷ô% 2017 §yˆÏ°•z ~ܲ ÓSȈÏÓ˚
§Ó≈fl∫yhs˝ •ˆÏÎ˚ òy!Ó˚o§#ÙyÓ˚ l#ˆÏã˛ ã˛ˆÏ° ˆàˆÏSÈ ≤ÃyÎ˚ 6ñ00ñ00ñ000 åSÈÎ˚ ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ä
Ùyl%£Ï– ˲Î˚yÓ• ~•z ï˛Ìƒ §¡±!ï˛ ≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏSÈ !Ó !ê˛¢ ˆÙ!í˛Ü˛ƒy° çyl≈yˆÏ°–
≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛ ≤ÃÓ¶˛!ê˛ˆÏï˛ ˆòáyˆÏly •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏSÈ ˆÎ ≤Ãôylï˛ Ü˛ƒyl§yÓ˚ñ •*òˆÏÓ˚yà ~ÓÇ
í˛yÎ˚yˆÏÓ!ê˛§ ˆÓ˚yˆÏàÓ˚ ≤Ãyò%Ë≈˛yˆÏÓÓ˚ ܲyÓ˚ˆÏî•z xyÙyˆÏòÓ˚ ˆòˆÏ¢ !ã˛!ܲͧyÓ˚ áÓ˚ã˛
Óyí˛¸ˆÏSÈ– ~•z !ã˛!ܲͧyÈüÈÓƒÎ˚ Ó,!k˛Ó˚ xyÓ˚G ~ܲ!ê˛ xlƒï˛Ù ≤Ãôyl ܲyÓ˚î •°ÈüüüÈ
˛õÌÈüÈò%â≈ê˛ly–
àˆÏÓ£ÏܲˆÏòÓ˚ ÙˆÏï˛ ˆÜ˛ylG ˛õ!Ó˚ÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆÙyê˛ xyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ 10 ¢ï˛yLjϢÓ˚ ˆÓ!¢
ê˛yܲy fl∫yfliƒáyˆÏï˛ ÓƒÎ˚ ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏ° ôˆÏÓ˚ !lˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ ˛õ!Ó˚ÓyÓ˚!ê˛Ó˚ ã%˛í˛¸yhs˝ xy!Ì≈ܲ
!Ó˛õÎ≈Î˚ xy§ß¨– ≤çDï˛ñ xyÙyˆÏòÓ˚ ˆòˆÏ¢ 80 ¢ï˛yÇ¢ G£Ï%ˆÏôÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe ï˛yÓ˚
òyˆÏÙÓ˚ |ôÁ≈§#Ùy !lÎ˚sfî ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ ˆÜ˛ylG xy•zl ˆl•z– Ê˛ˆÏ° G£Ï%ô ˆÜ˛y¡õy!l=!°
ΈÏÌFSÈ˲yˆÏÓ òyÙ Óyí˛¸yˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚–
20 ≤ÃÌÙ Ó£Ï≈ ≤ÃÌÙ §Çáƒy
G£Ï%ˆÏôÓ˚ Ù)°ƒÓ,!k˛
ܲƒyl§yÓ˚ §• !Ó!˲ߨ ÙyÓ˚î ˆÓ˚yˆÏàÓ˚ G£Ï%ˆÏôÓ˚ òyÙ •zˆÏFSÈÙˆÏï˛y Óyí˛¸yˆÏlyÓ˚
SÈyí˛¸˛õe ˆ˛õ° ˆò!¢ ~ÓÇ !ÓˆÏò!¢ G£Ï%ô ˆÜ˛y¡õy!l=!°– ~•z ì˛y°yG SÈyí˛¸˛õe
!òˆÏÎ˚ˆÏSÈ ˆÜ˛w#Î˚ §Ó˚ܲyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ Ê˛yÙ≈y!§í˛z!ê˛Ü˛ƒy° òÆÓ˚– ~•z !§k˛yhs˝ ˆlÓyÓ˚
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≤ÃÌÙ Ó£Ï≈ ≤ÃÌÙ §Çáƒy 21
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Ó¶˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆòGÎ˚y •ˆÏÓ–
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!Ù̃y xyŸªy§ ˆòGÎ˚y •Î˚– Ó°y •Î˚ xyÙyˆÏòÓ˚ ˆÓï˛l Óyí˛¸yˆÏly •ˆÏÓñ
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§Ù§ƒyÓ˚ !ܲ ˆÜ˛yl §Ùyôyl xyˆÏSÈ⁄ Ùyl%£Ï !ܲ ~Ùl x§•yÎ˚ •ˆÏÎ˚ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ç#Ólê˛yˆÏܲ
ÎsfîyÓ˚ ÙˆÏôƒ !òˆÏÎ˚•z ˆ¢£Ï ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓ⁄ ly !ܲ xlƒ!ܲS%È Ë˛yÓˆÏÓ⁄
ˆ≤ÃyÓ í˛yÎ˚yàl!fiê˛Ü˛ ˆÜ˛Î˚yÓ˚ ˆ§rê˛yÓ˚ åí˛yÎ˚Ùu˛ •yÓ˚ÓyÓ˚äÈüÈ~Ó˚ ç˜Ïlܲ ܲÙ≈#

22 ≤ÃÌÙ Ó£Ï≈ ≤ÃÌÙ §Çáƒy ≤ÃÌÙ Ó£Ï≈ ≤ÃÌÙ §Çáƒy 23

A-SUKH  1st Year  1st Issue  January 2019  Rs. 10/-

~•z §ÇáƒyÓ˚ !Ó£ÏÎ˚

§¡õyòܲ#Î˚
xy§%lñ ~ܲê%˛ xlƒË˛yˆÏÓ ˆò!á
å≤çD ≠ í˛y_´yÓ˚ÈüȈÓ˚yà# §¡õÜ≈˛ä
Ϋ˛y !lˆÏÎ˚ ò%ÈüÈã˛yÓ˚ ܲÌy í˛yÉ xyˆÏlyÎ˚yÓ˚ ˆ•yˆÏ§l
x˛õyˆÏÓ˚¢l G !ܲS%È Ë%˛° ôyÓ˚îy í˛yÉ §Ó%ç Óy°y
!¢÷ÈüÈ!ܲˆÏ¢yÓ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ ˆã˛yˆÏáÓ˚ §Ù§ƒy í˛yÉ !ÓŸª!çÍ §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚
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!ã˛!ܲͧy ÓƒÎ˚ ≠ ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲ!ê˛ ï˛Ìƒ
!ã˛!ܲͧy G à!Ó˚!Ó
Gô%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ Ù)°ƒÓ,!k˛
x˛õ%!‹TˆÏï˛ Ë%˛àˆÏSÈ xyÙyÓ˚ ˆò¢
!ã˛!벲õe

fl∫cy!ôܲyÓ˚# í˛yÉ xyˆÏlyÎ˚yÓ˚ ˆ•yˆÏ§l ܲï,≈˛Ü˛ ˆÓ!°Î˚yí˛yDyñ ò!«˛î ÓyÓ˚y¢ï˛ñ ò!«˛î 24

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å2Î˚ ï˛°äñ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÈüÈ12 ••zˆÏï˛ Ù%!oï˛– §¡õyòܲ ≠ í˛yÉ xyˆÏlyÎ˚yÓ˚ ˆ•yˆÏ§l

24 ≤ÃÌÙ Ó£Ï≈ ≤ÃÌÙ §Çáƒy