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Temperature:
Heat:
Heat is the sort of energy that is transferred from one body to the other in thermal
contact with each other as a result of the difference of temperature between them.
Thermal equilibrium:
The property of a system when all the parts of a system have the
same temperature along with its surrounding.
What is meant by thermometer also define upper and lower fixed points?
Thermometer:
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The lower fixed point in thermometer is marked to show the position
of a liquid when it is placed in ice.
The material which shows a change with the change in temperature is called
thermometric material.
1) It should be visible.
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∆𝑄
Formula: C =
𝑚∆𝑇
Unit: Jkg-1K-1
Heat capacity:
Unit: Jk-1
Clinical thermometer:
Melting point:
The temperature at which a solid starts melting is called its fusion point or
melting point.
Freezing point:
Fusion:
The process in which a substance changes from solid to liquid state by adding
heat is called fusion or melting.
Unit mass of substance from solid unit mass of a liquid completely into
To liquid state at its melting point gas at its boiling point without any
Evaporation:
Evaporation is the changing of a liquid into vapours from the surface of the
liquid without heating it.
Thermal Expansion:
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Linear thermal expansion: Volume thermal expansion:
The length of a solid changes with the The volume of a solid changes with
It is the fractional increase in its length It is the fractional increase in its volume per
Denoted by 𝛼 𝛽.
∆𝐿 ∆𝑉
Formula: 𝛼 = Formula: 𝛽 =
𝐿𝑜 ∆𝑇 𝑉𝑜 ∆𝑇
A bimetal strip consists of two thin strips of different metals such as brass and iron
joined together.
Uses:
2) Bimetal strips are also used in thermostat. Bimetal thermostat swit h is used to
control the temperature of heater coil in an electric coil.
On heating bimetal strip , brass expands more than iron. This unequal expansion causes
bending of the strip.
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Expansion of a on heating is called thermal expansion of a liquid.
Heat flows from hot body to cold body To attain the condition of thermal equilibrium.
As evaporation takes place, the molecules of high kinetic energy leaves the surface of
body and the molecules have low kinetic energy left behind which decreases the
temperature of a body which produces cooling effect.
Gaps are left in railway tracks to compensate thermal expansion during summer season.
What is the relationship between the coefficient of linear and volume thermal
expansion?
𝛽 = 3𝛼
Because they can contract in winter without snapping to prevent breaking in winter
By heating, the motion of gas molecules increases due to the increase in their kinetic
energy. Increase in kinetic energy increases the pressure of a gas.
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Why water is use in cooling system of vehicles?
In An automobile, large amount of heat is produced by its engine due to which its
temperature goes on increasing. In cooling system vehicles water absorbs unwanted
heat of engine and dissipates heat through its radiator.
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