APWH MidTerm Exam Review Fall 2013

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. The Neolithic era is associated with which of the following?

a. making tools out of materials including metal.
b. making large rock formations like Stonehenge for religious purposes.
c. an architectural hallmark when people lived in buildings instead of caves.
d. the rise of agriculture.
e. the start of a bilateral trade system.

____ 2. Since the foraging lifestyle was not particularly unpleasant or hard, foragers had a great deal of time left for
a. finding new hunting grounds.
b. religion.
c. socializing, making tools, and creating art.
d. preparing for war.
e. dancing.

____ 3. The earliest representation of cave art discovered is in:

a. The Orkney Islands
b. The Serengetti Plains
c. Southeastern France
d. Java
e. Australia

____ 4. Women played a major role in the transition to crop cultivation because
a. they were unsuited for heavier work.
b. they were the primary gatherers of wild plant foods.
c. only women lived very long in farming settlements.
d. since women did the cooking, it was natural for them to grow the plants.
e. it's easy to do agriculture and raise children at the same time.

____ 5. The earliest transition to agriculture was

a. in the Middle East.
b. in Asia.
c. in Africa.
d. in the Americas.
e. in the Mediterranean.

____ 6. The greatest change caused by the gradual adoption of agriculture was
a. a major die-off of wild species.
b. major migrations to the temperate zones.
c. a global population increase.
d. a global population decrease.
e. an increase in insect infestation due to monocropping.

____ 7. Mesopotamian gods were anthropomorphic; that is, they

a. took form as the elements of nature.
 b. were humanlike in form and conduct.
c. appeared in the bodies of kings while on earth.
d. were divine and perfect beings.
e. were omniscient.

____ 8. Mesopotamian priests

a. inherited their positions from their fathers.
b. bought their positions from the temples.
c. were chosen by the kings.
d. were chosen by the gods through oracles.
e. were chosen by ritual combat.

____ 9. The abundance of amulets in Mesopotamia suggests

a. that the society was extremely materialistic.
b. the large quantity of semiprecious stones available.
c. that Mesopotamian artisans were very skilled.
d. the belief in the value of magic.
e. the egalitarian nature of Mesopotamian religion.

____ 10. The improvements in the Mesopotamian military technology included all of the following except
a. bronze weapons.
b. chariots.
c. metal-tipped arrows used by squads of archers.
d. siege machinery.
e. incendiary devices.

____ 11. Egyptians viewed the universe as an orderly and beneficent place because
a. their gods protected them from bad things.
b. their environment was largely stable and predictable, unlike Mesopotamia's.
c. they thought they were alone in the world.
d. they had nilometers by which they could measure the river.
e. they had specific delineations into red land and black land.

____ 12. Egyptian writing was

a. on papyrus in a cursive script.
b. in hieroglyphics for monuments.
c. on clay tablets with an alphabet.
d. both A and B.
e. both B and C.

____ 13. What does the practice of feng shui accomplish?

a. It is part of the process of silk production.
b. It orients buildings in harmony with the heavens.
c. It scares away ghosts of the ancestors.
d. It is a treatment in traditional Chinese medicine.
e. It is a term for "Divine Judgment," a kind of karmic response from Heaven.

____ 14. During the Shang period, ancestor worship became important because
a. ancestors had special influence with the gods.
b. it was a way of spreading Chinese rule to other East Asian societies.
c. ancestors were necessary to ensure the birth of male children.
 d. matrilineal descent was important for fertility.
e. it allowed people to claim specific inheritance of property.

____ 15. Mengzi's belief in human nature was that people

a. were innately corrupt.
b. would lead only if a charismatic ruler were to take charge of them.
c. must depend on one another to create a just society.
d. would do the right thing if a ruler led by example.
e. would always be at war with one another.

____ 16. The fundamental idea of Daoism can be summarized as

a. accepting the world as you find it, avoiding useless struggles, and adhering to the "path" of
nature.
b. unquestioning obedience to authority and reverence for structure brings success.
c. emphasizing aggressive action and radical change.
d. emphasizing communal action to promote the betterment of society.
e. technological and social progress can solve all social ills.

____ 17. By 300 B.C.E., Celtic people were found in what regions?
a. Hungary and Turkey
b. Italy and Greece
c. Britain and France
d. Spain and Ireland
e. All of these

____ 18. Druids were

a. Celtic priests in Gaul and Britain
b. keepers of henges
c. the warrior elite of Germanic lands.
d. spell-casters who ate human hearts.
e. we don't know

____ 19. An example of the enduring impact of the Olmec on Mesoamerican life is
a. ritual dance.
b. ritual song.
c. ritual costumes.
d. ritual ball games.
e. ritual body art.

____ 20. The only domesticated beast of burden in the Andean region was the
a. horse.
b. llama.
c. camel.
d. bison.
e. vicuña.

____ 21. The language of diplomacy and government correspondence in the Mesopotamian regions was
a. Aramaic
b. Egyptian
c. Kassite
d. Akkadian
 e. Babylonian.

____ 22. Although Minoan writing is undeciphered, Minoan artifacts indicate that
a. they were completely isolated from the Mediterranean world.
b. they had widespread trade connections.
c. they disliked goods from other lands.
d. most Minoans were illiterate.
e. they came from Anatolia.

____ 23. Which civilization collapsed first?

a. Minoan
b. Mycenaean
c. Hittite
d. Assyrian
e. Neo-Babylonian

____ 24. Common to Assyrian artwork were all of the following except:
a. pictures of a peaceful and serene afterlife.
b. military conquest.
c. lion hunting
d. torture
e. deportations.

____ 25. The basic tenets of Jewish belief and practice prohibit
a. murder, adultery, theft, and lying.
b. banking, trading, and traveling.
c. alcohol consumption, meat eating, and violence.
d. facial hair, pastoralism, and mercantile trade.
e. gambling, moneylending, and begging.

____ 26. In the time of King Solomon, the commercial wealth of Israel was derived from trade with
a. the Mediterranean.
b. Turkey and Greece.
c. India and China.
d. Phoenicia, Arabia, and East Africa.
e. West Africa.

____ 27. Diaspora means

a. faith.
b. separation.
c. fulfillment.
d. dissatisfaction.
e. scattering.

____ 28. The foreign policy of the Carthaginian state

a. was neglected by the Phoenician Empire.
b. was restricted by its more powerful neighbors.
c. reflected an interest in protecting the sea trade.
d. was constantly overturned by Greek powers.
e. was based on Assyrian models.
____ 29. The most profitable product for Cyrene was
a. grapes
b. olives
c. pottery
d. gold
e. medicinal herbs.

____ 30. Which was not a method by which the Persians strengthened their empire?
a. Giving autonomy to provincial administrators
b. Promoting religious toleration
c. Using technology and learning from other cultures
d. Building roads and highways to connect the far-flung reaches of the empire
e. Using a unified, comprehensive law code like Hammurabi's

____ 31. Despite the adoption of their alphabet system from the Phoenicians, literacy in Greece
a. was limited only to the priests.
b. remained elusive for several centuries, relying on oral traditions.
c. was reserved for business transactions.
d. was undermined by the diversity of languages in the Greek islands.
e. divided between Phoenician and Linear B.

____ 32. An oligarchy is a society in which

a. all landowners participate politically.
b. all adult males are allowed to vote.
c. a hereditary elite controls the power.
d. a monarch has total control.
e. the wealthy members of society have political power.

____ 33. Worship of gods at state sponsored festivals was seen as

a. an expression of civic identity.
b. a matter of personal piety.
c. a requirement of good citizens.
d. an opportunity to venerate one's ancestors.
e. part of the democratic process.

____ 34. The sixth century b.c.e. Athenian politician who divided the polis into four political classes was:
a. Pisistratus
b. Phidipedes
c. Solon
d. Cyrus
e. Draco

____ 35. How did the early Romans view the natural world?
a. As a cosmic credit and debit sheet on which one's actions determined one's destiny.
b. As a body of natural laws understandable by humans.
c. As a shadow world of paradise.
d. As filled with numerous invisible shapeless forces called numina.
e. As created by a single God.

____ 36. The covenant of protection between the gods and the Romans was called:
a. pax romana
 b. lex cannulaia
c. pax deorum
d. articus fidele
e. dvoeverie

____ 37. The emperor responsible for the reorganization of the Roman government after 31 B.C.E. was
a. Julius Caesar.
b. Caligula.
c. Nero.
d. Claudius.
e. Octavian.

____ 38. One of the most enduring consequences of the Roman Empire has been the
a. persistence of the Roman system of mathematics.
b. suppression of many barbarian groups.
c. tradition of peaceful regime change.
d. Romanization of the western Mediterranean.
e. military innovations that revolutionized warfare.

____ 39. The Confucian view of proper female behavior was exemplified by the
a. three wise gods.
b. three submissions.
c. three flowers.
d. three trials.
e. three virtues.

____ 40. Race became an issue of class differentiation in the Vedic Age as the Aryas competed with the Dasas. The
difference was that
a. Aryas spoke Dravidian and were pushed into the south.
b. Aryas were Indo-European and lighter skinned.
c. Dasas spoke Indo-European and lived in the north.
d. Dasas spoke an unrelated dialect that hasn't been translated.
e. a distraction allowed the Tamils to overthrow both.

____ 41. The Brahmins may have delayed the introduction of writing because
a. religious rituals depended on the performance of incantations.
b. oral tradition had survived so long that they did not have a written form of Sanskrit until
much later.
c. they were trying to protect their status within society as the keepers of knowledge.
d. they were opposed to the introduction of foreign technology.
e. they didn't oppose writing; we just haven't translated it yet.

____ 42. Buddhism and Jainism gained popularity in the late Vedic period because
a. they tapped into the wellspring of popular discontent with the status and ranking of
Brahmins.
b. there was more trade going on with China and missionaries were sent.
c. naturalistic religions were felt to be more in keeping with the sky-gods of old.
d. they offered insight or enlightenment as a path to salvation instead of rituals.
e. each posited polygamy as an option.

____ 43. One of the most sacred places for pilgrimage in Hinduism is
 a. the Deccan plain.
b. Shiva's temple in Bengal
c. the Khyber pass
d. the top of the Himalayas.
e. the Ganges River.

____ 44. During the first centuries C.E., the two great epics of India take their final form; they are
a. the Iliad and the Odyssey.
b. the Vedas and the Upanishads.
c. The Tripitaka and The Collected Works of Nagarjuna.
d. The Epic of Gilgamesh and The Laws of Manu.
e. the Ramayana and the Mahabharata.

____ 45. The classical form of the Hindu temple emerged in what era?
a. Vedic.
b. Brahmin.
c. Gupta
d. Mauriyan
e. Deccan.

____ 46. Which of the following were not among the impressive navigational skills developed by the Malay people?
a. Riding monsoon winds
b. Double outrigger canoes
c. Navigation using wave patterns, clouds, and swells
d. The astrolabe
e. Navigation using birds and sea life

____ 47. General Zhang Jian is credited with introducing which of the following to China?
a. Buddhism
b. Incense and oranges
c. African medicines
d. Alfalfa and wine grapes
e. Persian rugs

____ 48. Critical to the functioning of the Silk Road were:

a. imperial guards from various kingdoms along the way for protection of merchants.
b. pastoralists who provided animals, handlers and protection along the road.
c. water merchants in the central Asian desert.
d. Steppe agriculturalists who sold food products to travelers
e. Ferengi merchants who initiated standardized currency rates.

____ 49. The Arabs' involvement in Byzantine and Sasanid conflicts led to
a. the conversion of Arab nomads to Manichaeism.
b. peaceful coexistence of Jews and animists in Yemen.
c. several religious wars between Arabs and Nestorians.
d. the penetration of Christian knowledge into the Arabian peninsula.
e. the passage of several laws protecting Jews from violence.

____ 50. A significant difference between ships of the Indian Ocean and those of the Mediterranean was:
a. triangular lanteen sails.
b. bitumen calk of boat bottoms.
 c. rare use of oars.
d. pierced planks tied together.
e. all of these

____ 51. The best primary evidence of early Saharan history consists of
a. accounts by European travelers.
b. the diary of a wandering Islamic scholar.
c. a vast number of rock paintings and engravings.
d. the oral histories of Saharan nomads.
e. histories written on papyrus.

____ 52. The most important African network of cultural exchange can be described as
a. mainly internal folk migrations within sub-Saharan Africa.
b. the Indian Ocean network.
c. the trade across the Sahara.
d. the link with Islamic Arabia.
e. taking place only in North Africa.

____ 53. According to a theory for explaining cultural unity in the sub-Saharan areas, populations moved into the Sahel
because of
a. war.
b. religious persecution.
c. climate change.
d. better natural resources.
e. protection from invaders.

____ 54. Most sub-Saharan languages come from one giant linguistic family, called
a. Sudanese-Zulu.
b. Swahili.
c. Semitic.
d. Niger-Kongo.
e. Bantu.

____ 55. Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam all spread

a. only within their own countries until the nineteenth century.
b. only to their neighboring countries.
c. without dependency on a single ethnic or kinship group.
d. predominantly by warfare.
e. most often by the use of missionaries, generally sponsored by the government.

____ 56. Despite the fact that conversions to Islam were at their peak, Abbasid power declined because
a. there were constant revolts of non-Muslims against forced conversion.
b. the empire had to resist nomadic pressures on the frontier.
c. the empire had become too big to rule effectively.
d. new religious practices developed that challenged the appeal of Islam.
e. there were frequent religious wars between the Sunnis and Shi'ites.

____ 57. Why did the rulers of al-Andalus Spain finally take the title of caliph in 929?
a. The growing number of converts to Islam demanded it.
b. They had finally solidified control of the region.
c. The Fatimids in Tunisia did.
 d. Christians in northern Spain threatened invasion.
e. They never did.

____ 58. The ulama were

a. government officials.
b. outcasts.
c. religious scholars.
d. rural leaders.
e. a hired foreign military force.

____ 59. What was the most significant architectural contribution of the Byzantine Empire?
a. Hagia Sophia
b. The Great Horn
c. The Hippodrome
d. The palace of the Porphyrogenitus rulers
e. The library of Alexius Comnenus

____ 60. A significant military threat to western Europe in the late 8 th century came from:
a. the Abbasid Caliphate's re-conquest of Islamic territories.
b. the reappearance from the eastern Steppes of the Huns.
c. uprisings of Germanic tribes against Charlemagne's expansion.
d. Viking raiders along the coastal areas.
e. a renewed naval fleet from Carthage.

____ 61. Technology to improve military skills in the Middle Ages included all of the following except
a. metal weapons.
b. stirrups.
c. chain mail.
d. heavy horses.
e. an early form of dynamite.

____ 62. The term investiture controversy refers to the

a. struggle for control of ecclesiastical appointments.
b. debate over how to invest church funds.
c. conflict over choosing new popes.
d. amount of power local priests were allowed.
e. issue of whether a noble could marry a commoner.

____ 63. The reform monastic movement started in France was centered at
a. Cluny
b. Clarveaux
c. Aquitaine
d. Paris
e. Aix-la-Chappell.

____ 64. As a result of the Crusades, Europeans were exposed to all of the following except
a. Arabic translations of ancient Greek science and philosophy.
b. access to a variety of classical Latin works, particularly those of Aristotle, heretofore
unknown in western Europe.
c. pasta, paper, and refined sugar.
d. hard soap and colored glass.
 e. original thought-provoking works by Arab and Iranian writers.

____ 65. Which sect of Buddhism was connected with the Tang dynasty?
a. Zen
b. Ayuravedic
c. Theraveda
d. Mahayana
e. Nichiren

____ 66. Chinese maritime innovations included

a. lateen sails and astrolabes.
b. gunboats and maps.
c. compasses and large oceangoing ships.
d. the bulwark and jute rope.
e. carrier pigeons and cannon.

____ 67. Gunpowder was first used by the Chinese against whom?
a. Mongols
b. Xiongnu
c. Uighers
d. Jurchens
e. Liao

____ 68. By instituting civil service examinations for entrance into the government bureaucracy, the Song
a. ensured that only the wealthy elite would retain positions of power.
b. recruited the most talented men for government service.
c. tried to limit the number of civil servants.
d. drove the most talented people out of the country.
e. severely limited its ability to get competent civil servants.

____ 69. As prosperity and population increased in Song China, Chinese officials
a. invented birth control methods to control population growth.
b. suppressed personal freedom and wealth.
c. sent people to fight wars in foreign lands as a population release valve.
d. developed water management, waste management, and firefighting techniques.
e. began to expand China's territory and settle people in the newly acquired lands.

____ 70. Japanese emperors

a. seldom wielded any real political power.
b. required the Mandate of Heaven to maintain power.
c. came from constantly changing lineages.
d. maintained tight political control.
e. were never female.