SIMPLE STRAIN

BACLAO, NOEL JONATHAN C.

BAUTISTA, CARL JOHN D.
RECTRA, JEROME PAUL B.
 STRAIN
• Unit Deformation

 ε = unit deformation


δ = deformation
L = length

L
 STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM (Steel
Bar)
ASSUMPTIONS
Actual Rupture Strength
1. The specimen must be of U – Ultimate Strength
constant cross section
2. The material must be
homogenous
3. The load must be axial, that
is, to produce uniform stress
R – Rupture Strength
Stress, σ

Y – Yield Point
E – Elastic Limit
P – Proportional Limit

Strain, ε
The slope of the straight line portion of the
stress-strain diagram is called Modulus of
Elasticity, E.

 P A PL
E  
 L A

PL
Therefore :  
AE
 Examples
1. During a stress strain test, the unit deformation at a stress of 35 MPa
was observed to be 167x10-6 m/m and at a stress of 140 MPa it was
667x10-6 m/m. if the proportional limit was 200 MPa, what is the
modulus of elasticity? What is the strain corresponding to a stress of
80 MPa?

GIVEN: σ1 = 35Mpa
Є 1 = 167x10-6 m/m
σ2 = 140 Mpa
Є 2 = 667x10-6 m/m
σ3 = 80 Mpa
REQUIRED: E= ?
Є 80Mpa =?
 Examples

1 35Mpa  210,000Mpa/ 210Gpa

E 
1 167x10 m/ m
6

Since the modulus of Elasticity is constant:

2 3 23 (80Mpa)(667 x10 6 m / m)

 3  
2 3 2 140MPa

3  3.81x10 m / m 4
 Examples
2. A steel wire 10m long hanging vertically supports a tensile load of
2000 N. Neglecting the weight of the wire, determine the required
diameter if the stress in not to exceed 140 MPa and the total
elongation in not to exceed 5mm. Assume E= 200GPa

GIVEN: σMax = 140Mpa

 Max = 5mm
E = 200 Gpa
L = 10m
REQUIRED: d= ?
 Examples
Based on the axial stress (minimum diameter):

P N 2000 N
   140  2  4.26 mm
A mm 2
d
4
Based on the strain (minimum diameter):

PL 2,000 N (10)(1000mm)
  5mm 
AE d 2
N
(200,000 2
)
4 mm
ANSWER : d  5.05mm
 Examples
3. An aluminum bar having a cross-sectional area of 160 mm2 carries
the axial loads at the position shown. If E = 70GPa, compute the
total deformation of the bar. Assume that the bar is suitably braced
to prevent buckling.

GIVEN: A= 160 mm2

E = 70 GPa

REQUIRED:TOTAL DEFORMATION, = ?
 Examples

P1  35KN
(35,000 N )(0.8)(1000mm)
1 
P1L1 2 N
1  (160mm )(70,000 2
)
AE mm
1  2.5mm()
 Examples

P2  20 KN (20,000 N )(1)(1000mm)
2 
2 N
P2 L2 (160mm )(70,000 2
)
2  mm
AE
 2  1.79mm( )
 Examples

P2  10 KN (10,000 N )(0.6)(1000mm)
2 
2 N
P3 L3 (160mm )(70,000 )
3  mm 2

AE
 3  0.54mm()
 Examples

 T  1   2   3
 T  2.5mm  1.79mm  0.54mm
 T  3.75mm(ELONGATION )