Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Case Manager
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Ketua Bidang Lit Bang – Mutu – Man Risiko
KARS th 2014-2018
Ketua Komite Etik-Disiplin KARS th 2014-2017
Koordinator Konsilor KARS sejak 2016
Wakil Ketua Komite Keselamatan Pasien RS –
Kem Kes th 2012-2015
Ketua Institut Keselamatan Pasien RS – PERSI
(tahun 2005-2012, 2012-2015, 2015-2018)
Advisory Council Asia Pacific, Joint
Commission International, sejak 2009
Kelompok Staf Medis Penyakit Dalam – Ginjal
Hipertensi RS Mediros, Jakarta, sejak 1996
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Surveyor Komisi Akreditasi Rumah Sakit (KARS) sejak 1996
Konsilor KARS sejak 2012. Koordinator Konsilor sejak 2016
PJ SubPokja Model Akreditasi Baru, Pokja
Penyempurnaan Akreditasi RS, DitJen Bina Yan Med,
DepKes, 2010-2011
Direktur Ketua RS PGI Cikini Jakarta 1983-1993
Dekan Fak Kedokteran UKI 1988-1991
Sekretaris Jenderal PERSI Pusat 1988–1990, 1990–1993,
1993–1996
Kepala Bagian Ilmu Penyakit Dalam FK-UKI, Jakarta, 1992
– 1995
Kepala Renal Unit (Unit Ginjal)
Powerpoint RS.PGI Cikini, 1973 – 1981
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• RS menghadapi berbagai tantangan dan tekanan : meningkatnya
kompleksitas asuhan pasien, tuntutan kualitas dan safety, pemenuhan
terhadap peraturan perundangan. Dalam konteks biaya, RS harus
mengatasi kenaikan biaya staf, proses yg inefisien, pasien dgn lama
dirawat yang memanjang, prosedur yg tidak perlu dsb
• MPP-Manajer Pelayanan Pasien/Case Manager memegang peranan penting
dalam mengatasi masalah2 tsb
• MPP jelas bukan PPA (Profesional Pemberi Asuhan) yg aktif, yg menulis
resep, mengorder pemeriksaan penunjang dsb. MPP adalah Tour Guide
• Peran MPP dapat menggabungkan beberapa karakteristik spt koordinator,
manajer finansial, problem solver, fasilitator, konselor, manajer
perencanaan, edukator, dan advokasi.
• Cara pendekatannya dlm mengatasi masalah haruslah realistis,
mempertimbangkan sifat2 dari lingkungan RS, berbagai sikap anggota tim
PPA sewaktu berinteraksi, sikap kepala instalasi, maupun manajemen
lainnya dalam pelayanan pasien, yg kemungkinan tidak mempunyai
pengetahuan / petunjuk ttg peran yg dijalankan oleh MPP
• MPP dalam Standar Akreditasi
• Evolusi Case Management
• Definisi
• Filosofi – Prinsip Manajemen Pelayanan Pasien
• Essential Domains of Case Management
Knowledge
• Peran dan Fungsi MPP
• Aktifitas dan Manfaat MPP bagi RS
• Elemen Dalam Pelaksanaan MPP
• Kualifikasi MPP
MPP dalam Standar Akreditasi RS v.2012
7
Maksud & Tujuan Standar APK.2
• Pada keseluruhan perpindahan pasien di RS, mulai dari admisi
sampai dengan pulang, dapat melibatkan berbagai departemen dan
pelayanan serta berbagai PPA (Profesional Pemberi Asuhan)
• Dalam seluruh fase pelayanan, kebutuhan pasien disesuaikan dengan
sumber daya yang tersedia di dalam RS dan bila perlu di luar RS
• Dilakukan dengan menggunakan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan atau
kebijakan yang menentukan kelayakan transfer di dalam RS
• Untuk mewujudkan asuhan pasien yang berkesinambungan
(seamless), perlu dlaksanakan proses pelayanan yang berkelanjutan
dan koordinasi di antara para PPA, Unit pelayanan
• Proses didukung dengan kriteria pindah rawat yang jelas, kebijakan,
prosedur atau pedoman. RS menetapkan individu yang bertanggung
jawab untuk mengkoordinasikan pelayanan
• Individu tersebut dapat mengkoordinasikan seluruh pelayanan
pasien, (seperti antar departemen) atau dapat bertanggungjawab
untuk mengkoordinasikan pelayanan pasien secara individual
(contoh : CASE MANAGER).
8
*Standar PP.2 Ada prosedur untuk mengintegrasikan dan mengkoordinasikan
asuhan yg diberikan kepada setiap pasien.
Elemen Penilaian PP.2
1. Rencana asuhan diintegrasikan dan dikoordinasikan di antara berbagai unit
kerja & yan (lih.juga APK.2, EP 3)
2. Pemberian asuhan diintegrasikan dan dikoordinasikan di berbagai unit kerja &
yan
3. Hasil atau kesimpulan rapat dari tim asuhan atau diskusi lain ttg kerjasama
dicatat dalam rekam medis pasien.
Registered nurse
case manager: Social worker: Case manager:
Social worker
Utilization Psychosocial Utilization manage-
Psychosocial
management, assessment and ment, discharge
interventions,
coordination, and interventions, some planning, patient
discharge planning
facilitation of care, discharge planning flow, variance tracking,
on high-risk cases
discharge planning quality management
(SOTA)
(Sumber : Case Management Society of America, 2010, Commission for Case Manager Certification, 2016)
Case Management
Concept
DPJP
Perawat Apoteker
Clinical Leader :
• Kerangka pokok Fisio Ahli
asuhan terapis Pasien, Gizi
• Koordinasi Keluarga
• Kolaborasi
• Sintesis Radio Analis
• Interpretasi grafer
• Review
• Integrasi asuhan Lainnya
Yan Kes
/ RS Lain
MPP
Yan
Case Manager
Keuangan/
Billing Asuransi Dokter
Perusahaan/ Keluarga
Employer BPJS
Ilustrasi Pra Rumah Sakit
Rumah Sakit
MPP/
Rumah Sakit
Case Mgr
Rumah Sakit (di Klinik/
Rumah Sakit FKTP)
Dirumah Ilustrasi di Rumah Sakit
Sakit : (kompleks): PPA
Pasien DPJP, Perawat,
DM, Gangrene Kaki, Dietisien,
Keluarga
Batuk (KP) Apoteker dsb
(Health Literate)
• Discharge Planning • Periksa Lab
• Proses Adm di RS • Ro, USG
Proses • Proses Adm di luar RS : • Endoskopi
Pulang BPJS, Perusahaan dsb • Biopsi
Di • Obat
Rumah Masalah Keluarga, Sosial,
Psikologis, Spiritual
• Konsultasi
Spesialis Lain
• Operasi
• ICU
Harus • Pem Ro diluar
DIRUJUK • Komplikasi..
“Urusan Panjang” • Dsb…..
MPP/
Case Mgr
Asesmen, perencanaan, fasilitasi, koordinasi
asuhan, monev dan advokasi untuk opsi dan Pasien
pelayanan bagi pemenuhan kebutuhan pasien
di ranap & di rumah, dgn kendali mutu & Keluarga ??/!!
biaya, melalui kolaborasi dan komunikasi
The Continuum of Health Care
(The Commission for Case Manager Certification’s Case Management Body of Knowledge®. (CMBOK®), 2011)
Essential Domains of Case Management Knowledge
The Seven Essential Knowledge Domains and Sub-Domains
1. Case Management Concepts 2. Principles of Practice
The Case Management Concepts domain also focuses on The Principles of Practice domain
knowledge associated with case management consists of knowledge associated with
administration and leadership, with program design and quality and accreditation, risk
structure, with roles and responsibilities of case
management, regulatory and legal
managers in various settings, and with skills of case
managers (e.g., communication, problem solving, requirements, ethical practices and
conflict resolution, resilience, and others). In addition, principles, privacy and confidentiality,
this domain includes demonstrating the value of case and overall standards of case
management, case load calculation, tools such as case management practice.
management plans of care, and regulations related to
case management.
• Case Management Administration and • Quality
Leadership • Accreditation
• Case Management Processes • Risk Management
• Case Management Resources • Legal Issues Related to Case
• Case Management Outcomes Management
• Regulations Related to Case Management • Ethical Standards Related to
• Skills and Techniques of the Case Manager Case Management
• Communication Skills of the Case Manager
(The Commission for Case Manager Certification’s Case Management Body of Knowledge®. (CMBOK®), 2011)
3. Healthcare Management and 4. Healthcare Reimbursement
Delivery
The Healthcare Management and Delivery domain The Healthcare Reimbursement domain
consists of knowledge associated with various consists of knowledge associated with
healthcare delivery systems and models across the types of reimbursement and funding
continuum of health and human services and case
systems, sources and methods, utilization
managers’ practice settings. It also includes knowledge
of case management models, concepts, processes, review and management concepts, and
services, and resources. In addition, this domain roles of case managers in effective
addresses topics such as levels of care, transitions of allocation and management of resources.
care, use of standards and guidelines in the management This domain also includes quality of care,
of clients’ care, as well as collaboration among the demonstrating return on investment and
various people involved in care such as the clients cost-effectiveness, and educating clients
themselves, their support systems, multi-specialty care about health and wellness.
providers, community agencies, and payors.
• Case Management and Processes • Funding Systems and Payor
of Care Sources
• Healthcare Delivery Systems • Utilization Review and Management
• Case Management Programs and • Return on Investment of Healthcare
Models Delivery Systems
• Case Management Services • Balancing Quality With Its Cost
• General Case Management • Education of Clients/Support
Resources Systems
(The Commission for Case Manager Certification’s Case Management Body of Knowledge®. (CMBOK®), 2011)
5. Psychosocial Aspects of Care 6. Rehabilitation
The Psychosocial Aspects of Care domain The Rehabilitation domain consists of
consists of knowledge associated with the role knowledge associated with clients’ physical
played by clients’ cultures, values, beliefs, social and occupational health and functioning
networks, and support systems, as well as including vocational and disability
socioeconomic classes relevant to their health concepts, strategies, and resources. This
condition, ability for self-care management, and domain also includes roles and skills of
adherence to treatment regimen. This domain also various healthcare providers in
includes knowledge of the case manager’s role as rehabilitation care settings, return-to-work
client advocate, legal and ethical issues relevant concepts and strategies, types of
to case management practice, strategies for rehabilitation settings/facilities, and use of
addressing issues of underinsurance or lack of assistive devices or durable medical
insurance, clients’ education regarding health equipment for rehabilitation and vocational
condition and treatment options, counseling and purposes. In addition, this domain includes
psychosocial support, and clients’ home regulations pertaining to rehabilitation.
environments and living arrangements.
• Psychosocial Factors of the Client’s Care • Processes of Rehabilitation Care
• Socioeconomic Factors of the Client’s Care • Rehabilitation Resources and Services
• Advocacy Relevant to Psychosocial Aspects • Outcomes of Rehabilitation Care
of Care • Skills of Rehabilitation Case Managers
• Clinical and Behavioral Health • Communication in Rehabilitation
• Client Education, Support, and Counseling • Regulations Relevant to Rehabilitation
(The Commission for Case Manager Certification’s Case Management Body of Knowledge®. (CMBOK®), 2011)
Essential Domains of Case Management Knowledge
The Seven Essential Knowledge Domains and Sub-Domains
(The Commission for Case Manager Certification’s Case Management Body of Knowledge®. (CMBOK®), 2011)
• MPP me navigasi melalui 9 fase
• Berulang & Cyclical
• Berpusat pd pasien
• Sistem support dari pasien Level varies by practice setting.
Includes gathering data needed
for Evaluating Outcome phase
(Care
Coordination)
12. Cesta, T and Cunningham, B : Core Skills for Hospital Case Managers. HC Pro,
2009.
13. Interprofessional Education Collaborative Expert Panel : Core competencies
for interprofessional collaborative practice. Report of an expert panel.
Washington, D.C.: Interprofessional Education Collaborative, 2011
14. Kersbergen AL : Case management, a rich history of coordinating care to
control costs. Nurs Outlook, 44, 4, 1996
15. Heath,H, Sturdy,D and Cheesley,A : Discharge Planning, Department of
Health, RCN Publishing Company, 2010
16. Hibbard, JH : What we know about patient activation, engagement, and
health outcomes, University of Oregon, 2015
17. Hibbard, JH ; Stockard, J; Mahoney, ER; Tusler, M. "Development of the Patient
Activation Measure (PAM): Conceptualizing and measuring activation in patients and
consumers". Health Services Research 39, 2004.
18. Hood, L.J. : Leddy & Pepper’s: Conceptual Bases of Professional Nursing. 8 th ed.
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2014
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2010
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