EFECTO DE LA VARIACIÓN DEL CONTENIDO DE ZEOLITA

isoparaffin/ Relación sitios FTS/ Sitios

Zeolitas Método de n-paraffin ácidos
Catalizador/tipo Condiciones Ref
(% ) preparación Fracción:
Diesel/gasolina
Co/ZrO2 -H-ZSM-5
Core-shell
30.6 C5–C12=16.7% 69.2%Co2/290.2 µmolg-1 (NH3)
CoZr/Z-M1 T = 533 K, P = 2.0MPa,
Hydrothermal
Yuhan Sun, Applied Catalysis A:
CoZr/Z-I 30.7 synthesis (HS) C5–C12=23.0% 23.4% Co/285.9 µmolg-1 (NH3)
H2/CO = 2 General 408 (2011) 38– 46
CoZr/Z-I 30.6 C5–C12=23.7% 25.6% Co/234.1 µmolg-1 (NH3)
CoZr/Z-I-P 31.2 C5–C12=24.7% 21.2% Co/238.6 µmolg-1 (NH3)
CoZr/Z-I-7 30.6 C5–C12=25.2% 13.3%Co/185.5 µmolg-1 (NH3)
Co/SiO2 - H-ZSM-5 T=513 K, P=1.0 MPa,
56 Ciso/Cn 0.56 C4+
Core-shell H2/CO = 2, HS
56 T=533 K 0.64 C4+ NH3-TPD showed that a compact
Tsubaki, Applied Catalysis A:
Co/SiO2-Z-Sp3-Pd HZSM-5 shell was formed on the
56 T=553 K 0.68 C4+ General 456 (2013) 75– 81
Co/SiO2 pellet.
Co/SiO2-Z 44 T=513 K, P=1.0 MPa, HS 0.60 C4+
Co/SiO2-Z-IW-Pd 56 H2/CO = 2, HS, incipient wetnes 0.42 C4+
Co/SiO2 - H-ZSM-5
Core-shell
25 HS Ciso=49.3%
T=553 K, P=1.0 MPa,
Co/SiO2-Z-HT H2/CO = 2, W/F = 10 Tsubaki, Catalysis Today 215
Co/SiO2-Z-PA 25 Ciso=43.8% (2013) 29– 35
g.h/mol physically adhesive
Co/SiO2-Z-PA 60 Ciso=51.5%
(LUDOX), Core-shell
Co/SiO2-Z-PA+Pd/SiO2 60 Ciso=61.5%

1Z:H-ZSM-5. R,I: CoZr (1) heating under a reflux of a 25.0 wt.% TPAOH Tetrapropylammonium hydroxide) solution at 383 K for 4 h, washing with deionized water, and then impregnating into absolute
ethanol for 2 h, followed by filtration (denoted as method R); (2) only impregnating into absolute ethanol for 2 h, followed by filtration (denoted as method I), CoZr/Z-I-P (crystallization of the zeolite
for 5 days) and CoZr/Z-I-7 (crystallization of the zeolite for 7 days).
2
% Co reducibility, calculated by TPR from 333 K to 673 K
3
Sp: sputtering with Pd
 16.7
Fe-H-ZSM-5 P=1.0 MPa, H2/CO = 2, C5+=42.1 Young Ho Kim, Journal of Industrial
dual reactor system 23.1 TRFT: 300 °C- TRH:500°C C5+=40.7 and Engineering Chemistry 15
(Si/Al=140) FT (0.5 g-Z 0.15g) (2009) 847–853
37.5 C5+=39.8
50 ParaF:60, Therefore acidic sites of
(Cov=52.7) 533 K; 5.0 MPa OleF=26, Ciso =14 HZSM-5 were still active
(Syngas:He or butane= ParaF:60.6, during supercritical phase FT
Co/SiO2 +H-ZSM-5 33
1:4); W/F(Syngas)=10 OleF=17.7, synthesis; the isoparaffin Noritatsu Tsubaki, Energy and
Physical mixture (Cov=83.7)
g h/mol; W=0.5 g Ciso=21.7 selectivity by hybrid catalyst Fuel, volume 22, number 5,
(Co/SiO 2 wt); H2/CO= ParaF:60.1, in supercritical phase was September/October 2008
25 enhanced dramatically
2 OleF=19.7,
(Cov=76.7)
Ciso=20.2
10 wt % Co/SiO2 Cov=74-76 Ciso=3.1

25 T=523 K, P=2.0 MPa, Hydrothermal C5–C22=62.8%

ZSM5 - Co/SiO2 Kyoung-Su Ha. Energy & Fuels
33 H2/CO = 2 synthesis C5–C22=59.6%
Core-shell 26 (2012) 6061−6069
50 C5–C22=57.5%
ZSM5 - Co/SiO2 Hydrothermal TPD-NH3 (µmol/gcat)
(*C4+)
Physical mixture 20 synthesis Se muestra relación entre NH3
0.49
uptake vs wt% increment
zeolite.
11.5 0.37
T = 533 K, P = 1.0 Se cambió el espesor de la
Noritatsu Tsubaki. Applied
MPa, H2/CO = 2, capa de zeolita (variación del
Catalysis A: General 329 (2007)
18.6 WCo/SiO2/F = 10 Hydrothermal 0.56 wt% H-ZSM-5) con la
99–105
Core-shell g.h/mol, 6 h synthesis disminución del tamaño del
pellet del catalizador del core.
El incremento en el número de
29.1 1.21 sitios ácidos favoreció el
hidrocraquéo de HC de cadena
larga.
ZSM5 - Ru/SiO2 T = 533 K, Hydrothermal TPD-NH3 (µmol/gcat) Noritatsu Tsubaki. Catalysis
20 0.42
Physical mixture P = 1.0 MPa, synthesis communications 9 (2008) 2520–
 WRu/SiO2/F =10 Conclusión similar a la del 2524
13.2 g.h/mol, H2/CO = 2 0.39 estudio anterior.
Hydrothermal
Core-shell 16.2 0.89
synthesis
21.8 1.50
P = 1.0 MPa, W/F = I/C4+ = 72
50 - 50
4.94 g.h/mol Catalyst Co/SiO2:incipient C11+ = 0 %
in the (upper reactor): impregnation I/C4+ = 67.9
70 - 30
Co/SiO2 - Pd/β + Pd/β T = 508 K 0.4 g method. C11+ = 0 %
Noritatsu Tsubaki. Ind. Eng.
dual fixed-bed Co/SiO2 + 0.1 g 1.0 Pd/β:ion-exchanging No hay información
I/C4+ = 50.8 Chem. Res. 44 (2005) 769-775
reactors wt.% Pd/beta. beta zeolite
C11+ = 5.3 %
80 - 20 (lower reactor): T = (SiO2/Al2O3 =
gasoline-range
573 K, 513 K, 1.0 wt.% 25.6,Tosoh)
iso-paraffins
Pd/beta.

EFECTO DE LA VARIACIÓN DEL TIPO DE ZEOLITA Y LA RELACIÓN Si/Al

Iso-paraffin/ Relación sitios FTS/ Sitios ácidos
Método de n-paraffin
Catalizador/tipo Zeolitas Condiciones Ref
preparación Fracción:
Diesel/gasolina
Co/Al2O3 + Pt/ZSM5,
C5-9=19.4 %
Pt/Beta
Co/Al2O3= Ciso5-9=40.0 % Mena Subiranas,
(Si/Al=32)
T = 230 °C, (pH2/pCO)in impregnation C10-20=47.7 % International Journal
Co/Al2O3 + Pt/ZSM-5
= 2, P=1.0 MPa method. Ciso10-20=22.0 % of Chemica, Reactor
Dual layer
Pt=1% FT/FA=2:1.5 Pd/zeolite:ion- Engineering, Volume 7
C 5-9=31.7 % The HZSM-5 revealed higher acidic
Co/Al2O3 + Pt/ZSM-5 exchanging. 2009 Article A31
(Si/Al=32) Ciso5-9=91.0 % strength than the HBeta zeolite
Physical mixture
C10-20=33.2 %
 Ciso10-20=41 %
C5-9=23.3 %
Co/Al2O3 + Pt/Beta Ciso5-9=41.3 %
(Si/Al=12.5)
Dual layer C10-20=37.9 %
Ciso10-20=42.7 %
Co/SiO2+zeolite
Physical mixture
(Si/Al=18.55) Ciso =17.0 %
Co/SiO2+ Beta

Co/SiO2+ ZSM-5 H2/CO = 2; W/F = 5.1 g

(Si/Al=20) incipient Ciso =9.7 %
h/mol; 1.0MPa; 513 K;
impregnation
Co/SiO2+ Mordenite reaction time, 4 h;
(Si/Al=8.45) method. Ciso =1.82 %
(Co/SiO2)/zeolite ratio,
Xiaohong Li, Mengfei
Co/SiO2+ USY 4:1 by weight
(Si/Al=195) - Luo, Kenji Asami,
Catalysis Today 89
Co/SiO2+ Pt/Beta
(Si/Al=18.55) Ciso =17-20% (2004) 439–446
Co/SiO2+ Pt/ZSM-5
(Si/Al=20) Ciso =10-15 %

Pt/mordenite C4-C9= 73.4, Ciso =67.0%

Second reactor, 1.0 g of Dual-
Co/SiO2 + β
Pd/ZSM-5 Pd/zeolite is used at reactor_system C4-C9= 56.8, Ciso=56.7 %
(4:1 by weigth)
Pd/USY 573 K. C4-C9= 56.1, Ciso =39.1%
Pd/NaY C4-C9= 57.5, Ciso =37.0%
Co/SiO2 + zeolite C5–C12=62.0 %, The initial zeolite activity is mostly
Ciso 5-8=7.1 % determined by the surface acidity
50 % rather than by the total amount of
Co/SiO2 + ZSM-5
(Si/Al=15) T=523 K, P=2.0 MPa, Brønsted acid sites, pointing out A Martinez Applied
Physical mixture
H2/CO = 2 wet impregnation to the existence of limitations for Catalysis A: General
the diffusion of the long-chain n- 346 (2008) 117–125
Double bed 50 % C5–C12=65.0 % paraffins through the 10-MR
(Si/Al=15) Ciso =-8=6.5 % channels under FT conditions.i
Co/SiO2 + MCM-22 50 % C5–C12=50.0 %
Physical mixture (Si/Al=15) %ISOC5-C8=4.3
Co/SiO2 + ITQ-2 50 % C5–C12=53.0 %
Physical mixture (Si/Al=14) %ISOC5-C8=5.3
Co/SiO2 + IM-5 50 % C5–C12=50.0 %
Physical mixture (Si/Al=14) %ISOC5-C8=4.6
- A correlation between wax
conversion and increment of middle
distillate selectivity in the second-
Mesoporous bed reactor.
alumina,  - A correlation between medium
Xerogel acidity and wax conversion in the
(No reportan fracción In Kyu Song. Applied
aluminas 900 P = 10 bar, H2/CO = 2.0, Wetness second-bed reactor.
Co/TiO2 + Pd/Al2O3 iso) Catalysis B:
°C y 1000 °C, W/F = 20.0 g-cat- impregnation - A correlation between medium
dual-bed Favorece middle Environmental 83
acidic h/mol, and T = 220 °C. method acidity and increment of middle
distillate (C10-C20) (2008) 195–201
alumina, distillate selectivity in the second-
commercial bed reactor.
alumina. - A correlation between total acidity
and medium acidity of Pd-loaded
solid
acid catalysts.
(20%) 0.5 - - Pd/USY: ↓iso-butane selectivity.
wt.% Pd/β(39) P =1.0 MPa, H2/CO = Pd/β: ↑ iso-parafinns C4-C6
and (50%) 2.0, W/F = 4.97 selctivity.
Co/SiO2 + g.h/mol, t = 4 h ↓iso-heptane, iso-octane.
Pd/β(39):physically Pt/zeolite catalytalysts - - This may be related to the
Co/SiO2 - Pd/β(39) + (50%) T (upper reactor) = 508
metal/USY, mixed. showed much poorer difference in acidity and pore
metal/USY, K. Kaoru Fujimoto. Fuel
metal/β Pd,Pt/zeolite: ion- performance than structure of the zeolites USY and β.
metal/β T (lower reactor) = Processing Technology
exchange and Pd/zeolite catalysts.
dual fixed-bed starting 573 K, then 88 (2007) 165–170
impregnation Pd/β(27.5)↑I/C4+ ≈ 75
reactors - β: SiO2/Al2O3 decreased to
methods. %
= 27.5, 39 513 K, at the end of the
- USY: reaction restored to
SiO2/Al2O3 = 573 K.
30
 Fe + H-ZSM-5 11.5 P=1.0 MPa, H2/CO = 2, C5+=58.3 % 12.06 (area TPD) Young Ho Kim, Journal
Dual bed reactor 40 TRFT: 300 °C- TRH:500°C C5+=42.5 % 5.43 of Industrial and
(FT: 0.5 g-Z: 0.15g) Engineering Chemistry
140 C5+=39.7% 1.88
15 (2009) 847–853
250 C5+=49.0 % 0.91
Solo FT 0 C5+=68.2 % -
 “high La zeolite de menor acidez (Si/Al =
acidity” 280), optimizó la producción de
zeolite: T = 330 ◦C, P = 20 bar, gasolina y presentó una menor
Fe + ZSM5 W. Böhringer. Applied
Si/Al = 30. H2/CO = 4.6, Syngas desactivación del catalizador FTS al
Dual bed --- Gasoline Catalysis A: General
 “low space velocity = 211 ponerlo en contacto con la zeolita.
(Berty microreactor) 267 (2004) 217–225
acidity” ml/min/g,
zeolite:
Si/Al = 280.