Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A THESIS
By:
ARANAS, JANJAN
PALANAS, VINCE
AUGUST 2017
CHAPTER 1
The Problem
Introduction
In our generation today, our economy is ever changing and as with the highly
produce educated men and women who would become the labor force of our time. It
supply of professions but a shortage of graduates with applicable or related skills and/or
education. In other words, the Philippine school system is failing to prepare and train
students to acquire employability skills that employers expect of workers and which
sets of employability skills that has been expressed as "A set of achievements,
understandings and personal attributes that make individuals more likely to gain
employment and to be successful in their chosen occupations"( Peter Knight & Mantz
There is a general belief that citizens are the most essential assets of every nation in
the world. This is because the success of the country in terms of economic stability and
development of a nation is one of the products of having educated citizens. The more
and the better educated people are the greater the chances of economic development.
The government is fully aware of this fact, which is why one of the basic thrusts of every
country is to provide quality education to its citizens. Education is the key towards
progress as it hastens power to liberate citizens from the grips of illiteracy, ignorance
and poverty. The Philippines, being one of the under developed countries in Asia, is
On the most recent report of the International Labor Organization (ILO) “The
ILO’s Philippine Employment Trends 2015 report finds relatively high economic growth
rates of recent years, reaching 7.2 per cent in 2013 and 6.1 per cent in 2014. The
employment, declined from 43.5 per cent in 2008 to 38.3 per cent in 2013. Likewise,
poverty rate among all Filipino workers saw a modest decline to 21.9 per cent in 2012
from 22.9 per cent in 2006.” Employment in the Philippines amounted to 38.1 million in
2013, a sizable increase of 4 million since 2008. The labour force also saw a faster
growth since 2008 among women (13.6 per cent) compared to that of men (10.1 per
cent).”( http://www.ilo.org/manila/public/newsitems/WCMS_362515/lang--en/index.htm)
so far it goes to show that the economy of the Philippines when it comes to employment
rates has been steadily increasing, but despite of all of this there are still a big
Education (DepEd) saying from an article from December, 2016 “The Department of
accessible, inclusive, and liberating basic public education for all Filipino learners one
hundred days after the change of administration. “The role of education in improving
and uplifting the living standards of disadvantaged groups in the Philippines is not lost in
the administration’s agenda, in fact, it is the focal point of every reform and continuity
that we have been carrying out in our first 100 days,” Education Secretary Leonor
billion budget for education, the current administration is determined to push the budget
allocation closer to the international standard of six percent of the gross domestic
product (GDP). Such increment to the public education fund has also driven the
ensure availability and delivery of learning resources in both formal and non-formal
education.”( http://www.sunstar.com.ph/pampanga/local-news/2016/10/29/deped-
chief of DepEd stated” “Engaging the participation of every sector is ensuring the
delivery of quality basic education for every Filipino learner. We intend to review and
fortify every possible partnership to ensure that at the end of the day, our learners are
enabled to move past the limits of their background and to move toward a life of
news/2016/10/29/deped-reiterates-commitment-accessible-inclusive-education-
506481). We can see just how much emphasis our country is giving towards education
“its President and Founder, Dr. Jovenal B. Toring, took great risks to see the
young students’ dream become a reality. True, it was almost next to impossible to
acquire technical facilities, but Dr. Toring was never discouraged even when his efforts
were insignificant, for years even when all odds were against him.
when had only 2 small buildings that served its few college students in its old campus.
It was formerly named Indiana School of Aeronautics, which, from the start, has been
blessed. Although it offered only airline related courses, it attracted many other young
people in due time, men especially, to nurture their interest in aeronautics because
there was only one other school in Lapulapu City offering such courses.”(
university as this is where the researchers are making and finishing said thesis paper.
Framework for this study. In the IPO model, a process is viewed as a series of boxes
connected by inputs and outputs. What goes in is the input; what causes the change is
the process; what comes out is the output. In this case, the input is the statement of the
recommendation.
This study was geared towards finding the employability status of BSAMT
received from the institution according to the current trends and demand in the
employment sector.
questions:
1. What are the biographic characteristics of IAU graduates with regard to:
1.1 Gender;
apply
3.3.1 Industry;
institution is to keep track of its graduates. It is necessary to find out whether they are
were trained; what these graduates are doing and in what ways the school helped them
in their present employment are valuable information in determining whether or not the
school is achieving its goal of providing quality education. Moreover, this study was
geared towards finding the weaknesses and strengths of IAU curriculum through the
preparation of students. The relevant data which will be gathered in this study will be of
Alumni
The findings and recommendations would be used to inspire and encourage the
alumni of the university in that specific course to help and recommend their fellow
graduates and alumni’s alike to job-vacancies because they are provided with objective
the findings of this study will provide reliable information about the employability skills of
their graduates. As well as a baseline in which they would be able to identify and see
their weakness and strengths in their current curriculum and improve on what needs
improvement.
Employers
Both the government and the private sectors could make use of the result
The information that is derived from this thesis can help both the parents and
overall the community when it comes to their decision of investing on the future and
The end-product of this research, here you will be able to see the growth rate of
your chosen field as well as be inspired for those graduates ahead of you who have
made it. you will be able to see the needs and the important things that you would need
The Respondents
The respondents of the study were BS Criminology graduates of the IAU for Academic
Years of 1996-2002.
Definition of Terms
Curiculum. This refers to the formal and informal content and process by which
learners gain knowledge and understanding, develop skills and attitude, appreciation
experiences.
for the management and governing of the Philippine system of basic education. It is the
chief formulator of Philippine educational policy and is responsible for the Philippine
Employability. It refers to the position of skills and knowledge that allow individuals to
Employability Skills. This is defined as skills required not only to gain employment, but
Employment. Refers to the state of having a job for which one receives money or other
compensation.
selfemployed or unemployed.
Tracer study. It refers to the type of descriptive research that investigates graduates
who had left the institution after completing the course or field of specialization. It is
concerned with what has happened to them and what has been the impact upon that
This chapter presents resources and literature of which the study is significantly
related. These resources and literature comprise mostly of books, newspapers and
Foreign Literature
Ross (2000) mentioned that “industries complain that new recruits from schools
sometimes do not have the basic tools that are required. The skills mostly in demand by
the employers, as measured by the wide range of skills asked of future employees, are
typically the least in supply, as measured by the skills, abilities and competencies that
university graduates bring to the job. He emphasized that the goal of education is to
equip children to the best of their ability, for a lively, constructive place in society, and
(https://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/education/media/kwok-2003.pdf) “Cameron
and Chickering (1996) pointed out that the notion of employability skills development in
higher education and raises the question of the role a university education provides.
The rapidly changing economy has fuelled the desire for university graduates to adapt
according this poses a problem for universities because of growing dichotomy between
the purposes of education for employment and education primarily based on content
knowledge for its own sake. Current students view the purpose of university education
as a step to career preparation. Many faculty members, on the hand continue to uphold
the creation of knowledge and the development of intellectual mind while employers,
Local Literature
Of the present this was taken out from another research paper of the same
subject, all of which literature focused on local spoke persons, presidents and other high
rising persons of the relation of education to employment,” Camaro (1991) pointed out,
development of highly skilled manpower that would bring about the modernization of
industrial production system. Industries are built to meet local consumption, produce
exportable goods, create job opportunities, provide income for the people and enhance
socio-economic development.
Gloria (1995) pointed out that one of the problems of college graduates is job
identify effective programs that will provide college graduates with employment which
could make them productive and relevant to their training skills. Colleges and
universities gear their curriculum towards the demand of economy. Innovations are
being introduced in the country’s educational system to make it more responsive and
As Santos (2000) puts it, there is, therefore a compelling need for education leaders to
face the challenge of “adaptive change” or be left behind by nations, which are trailing
quality graduates that measure the quality of schools. He encouraged the used of
delegates the role of voluntary accreditation in improving the quality of higher education
in the country. (Eddie Castro, “Quality Schools Equal Quality Education” Manila Bulletin,
President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (May 18, 2010), Cited the role of academic
community during the CHED’s 16th Anniversary, particularly the Commission on Higher
Education (CHED) in strengthening the economy and education must be the center of
any government platform. She pointed out the importance of working towards achieving
seamless education from reschool to tertiary level. She further recommends that there
must be consultation between academe and industry and business leaders to determine
new skills needs for present and future manpower. Thus, the objective of such
consultation is to make the skills of our college graduates more relevant to the jobs with
high demand, therefore closing the job-skills gap and improving the employability of
the graduates. She further stated “We want a seamless education highway toward a
see a brighter future for the hardworking men and women of his nation. I have an
abiding interest in seeing your clients and mine, in other words, the students of higher
education, come into their own, and seized the value of modernity and education and
use these tools to advance themselves and the
nation.”(https://www.scribd.com/doc/104634902/Criminology-Thesis-Graduate-Tracer-
Study-PCCR-Graduates)
Philippines economic growth. Schools in the Philippines are producing the wrong kind of
skills for its labor market needs, which is hurting economic growth There are too many
educated .people chasing too few jobs. In the study made by ADB Hyun H. Son, he
found the per capita labor productivity plummeted between 1997 to 2003 as “those with
higher education have crowded out the less educated in terms of job opportunities”. He
also added that with higher education being an “important determinant of employment”
in the Philippine market “by productivity jobs are taken over by the more educated labor
force,” which in turn, has lowered the price for skilled labor over the period.” Further,
Son findings show “that current education sector does not supply the right kind of skills
that are demanded by labor market.” Accelerating growth would require government
action in addressing the labor mismatch. From policy perspective, going beyond
Philippines (PMAP) (as cited by Mr and Ms Magazine, 2001) it presented three (3) main
findings. First, first jobbers have a low level of competence especially in handling and in
the use of the state-of-the-art technology such as computer software and new
of the graduates and the demands of employment in this respect. Second, the
graduates’ analytical skills are not sharp enough, particularly in problem-solving and
decision-making. Third, the first jobbers have underdeveloped work values. They lack
enthusiasm, innovativeness and selfconfidence. It is quite clear from these findings and
recommendations by the PMAP that the fresh graduates have a lot of thing to excel as
first jobbers. Salalila, et.al. (2007) conducted a tracer study on the employability of
graduates from years to 2002 to 2006. They revealed, among others, the following:
1. The BSIE major in different technology courses have a wider opportunity ‘in finding
2. Majority of the graduates of the two programs are gainfully employed in line with their
fields of specialization;
3. A big number of licensure examination for teachers (LET) passers ate teaching their
major fields while the non-passers and non-takers in the year they graduated were
4. Only a few of BSIE graduates were self-employed due to lack of capital. Sadac
(2003) conducted a follow-up study of the civil engineering graduates of the University
of the Assumption from school year 1995-1996 to 1999-2000. She found out that an
alarming 30% are not presently employed. Of those employed, 76.8% are involved in
jobs or tasks related to civil engineering related jobs. Most of the graduates landed their
first job within two years after graduation. Findings revealed the five most common
institutes of higher learning in region 1, and revealed that there was no significant
relationship found that exist between employability and school characteristics. Positive
characteristics.
As this is not the first tracer study that was conducted we can see already the
factors that impact the employment rating of graduates from all kinds of degrees and
courses. Some even when as far to see the kind of education that we have here by
tracing it all the way back by profiling highschoolers: On the profile of high school
graduates, Rapenet (2000) also found out that the typical high school graduate was 17
years old at the time that the study was conducted. This means that he/she was able to
finish elementary and high school levels of basic education without repeating any grade
or year, and about one-fourth of the total number of graduates were over age (18-37)
when they graduated. Many of these graduates might be those who benefited from the
putting up of barangay high schools or who had taken advantage of the vocational
secondary schools that were accessible in the rural areas. On the proportion of male
and female graduates in the different career paths with 2,262 graduate subjects, 1,138
or 50% are enrolled in college. Of the 1,138 in college, 464 or 41% are males; 674 or
59% are females. There are more females enrolled in college than males.
Relevance of the Reviewed Literature and Studies
The readings from the different literature both foreign and local had given the
Indiana Aerospace University (IAU). Considering that the aim of this educational
institution (IAU) is to provide quality education and develop proficient, legally and
licensed professionals in the field of Aircraft Maintenance, the school must be made
aware of the current status of their graduates. With the outcome of this research, the
school could come-up with a concrete solution to address the flaws that the institution
has. It is deemed relevant to the above cited literatures in a sense that they both reflect
the significant role of school in producing quality graduates and status of the graduates
in terms of employment, the relevance of the program that the students had from the
design, as well as the sampling of the respondents, tools for the data collection
Methodology of Research
Calderon and Gonzales (1993, 61), descriptive studies are purposive processes of
practices, processes, trends and cause-effect relationships and then making adequate
and accurate interpretation about such data with or without the id of statistical tool.
The primary aim of the study was to determine the status of the employability of
graduates; their professional examination passed; the relevance of their course with
nature of employment, type of work, job satisfaction and reasons for job satisfaction.
The study presented facts about the level of responsiveness of the program to the
manpower needs of the industries, factors contributory to its responsiveness and the
from academic year 1996-2002 totaling one hundred twenty-one (121) based on the
master list given by the registrar, of this a total of SIXTY (60) respondents will compose
thereof.
Table 1
Graduates Respondents
1996-2002 121 60
Sampling Scheme
convenient way to immediately get their reaction to a certain hot and controversial
issue. In accidental sampling, there is no system of selection. Only those whom the
researchers or interviewer met by chance are included in the sample. Sampling was
done by:
2. Facebook messaging or emailing randomly, those from the list with contact
others were chosen using the same procedure, repeating the process until ample
The major instrument used in gathering the data was the questionnaire. The
questionnaires were all made up from the researchers and minor revisions were done
as the research came by. The instrument that used on the presumption that
The following procedures had been undertaken in gathering data after the
name of respondents;
internet site; and looked for respondents there, messaging them and asking them to
The following statistical procedures were used to attain an in-depth analysis of data:
Where:
f = the frequency
3. Ranking. This was used to determine the category of responses depending on the
magnitude of the variable. The method of ranking comprised of assigning numbers (or
rank) according to their value relative to the others in the array. The greatest value is
ranked as ‘1’, the next, ‘2’, and so forth. For variables that share the same rank
(duplicate ranks), the subsequent rank adjusts down according to the total duplicate
ranks. E.g., if there exists two variables ranked as ‘5’, the subsequent rank assignment
will be ‘7’.