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Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 2
2. PROJECT MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................................... 4
3. MARKET ANALYSIS .............................................................................................................................. 6
A) General need of the product .......................................................................................................... 6
B) Description and estimation of market size ................................................................................... 14
C) Competitive Products and Benchmarking .................................................................................... 14
D) Opportunities for competitive advantages .................................................................................. 14
4. PHYSICS OF THE ARTIFACT ................................................................................................................ 16
5. DESIGN PARAMETERS ....................................................................................................................... 19
A) CUSTOMER REQUIRMENT ............................................................................................................ 19
B) ENGINEERING CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................................. 20
C) CONSTRAINS ................................................................................................................................. 21
6. HOUSE OF QUALITY........................................................................................................................... 22
7. PRELIMINARY PRODUCT DESIGN SPECIFICATION (PDS) ................................................................... 24
8. Concept Generation .......................................................................................................................... 27
A) Function structure ........................................................................................................................ 27
B) FEASIBLE CONCEPTS ..................................................................................................................... 29
C) FINAL CONCEPT USING AHP ......................................................................................................... 35
9. Embodiment Design .......................................................................................................................... 38
A) FINAL DESIGN CONCEPT ............................................................................................................... 38
B) PRODUCT ARCHITECTURE............................................................................................................. 40
C) CONFIGURATION DESIGN ............................................................................................................. 42
D) STANDARD PART SELECTION ........................................................................................................ 45
E) PARAMETRIC DESIGN .................................................................................................................... 47
10. DETAIL DESIGN ................................................................................................................................ 48
A) MANUFACTURING AND PROCESS COST ANALYSIS....................................................................... 48
B) ENGINEERING DRAWING SET ....................................................................................................... 51
11. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................... 54
REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... 55

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1. INTRODUCTION
The work presented in this proposal is about portable automated whiteboard cleaner.
Objective of this project is to reduce the man-power involved in cleaning white boards after
use. As we know, whiteboard is commonly in white colour, where non – permanent markings
can be used. Whiteboards operate similar to blackboard or chalkboard, where they allow for
temporary markings adhere to the surface of the board. The history of whiteboard is, in the
middle of 1960s, the first whiteboard started to appear in the market for people’s use. The
first whiteboards were expensive and were made of a melamine surface. It was created to be a
best for the solution to the chalkboard, which was not easy to keep clean all the while. This
need for a faster, time saving and readily available cleaner has introduced to the design of an
automated white board cleaner that can clean the board in the least amount of the time
possible [1]. And now in this era, the number use of whiteboard is increasing rapidly and they
have become a fixture in all offices, schools, institutions and all working environment. So
here we can see how important the whiteboards roles in our daily life.

The mechanism of the automated board cleaner requires horizontal motion. The main
target of the design is to reduce the stress of cleaning the board manually. The duster which
spans horizontally across the width of the board is to clean across the board. The design is
such that when the switch is turned on, the motor transmits energy which turns the shaft
which in turn, drives the pulley. The duster is fixed to the pulley chains which move
(horizontal motion) along its plane, thereby cleaning the board. The auto-board was designed
to be powered by a single phase 0.6 HP electrics motor [2]. The chain drive parameters were
determined based on estimations of the centre distance between the sprockets, the required
cleaning time, number of sweeps, total number of chain links and the expected performance.
The cleaning efficiency of the auto-white board cleaner is estimated to be better than the
manual operation when the equipment is fully completed.

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PROBLEM STATEMENT

Based on the current whiteboard cleaner, lecturer and students find it consumed too
much time when cleaning the whiteboard. It also takes much effort to clean all the surface of
the whiteboard.

SOLUTION

The solution for this problem is to produce a whiteboard cleaner that is portable
automated cleaner and consumes less time to clean the whiteboard.

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2. PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Project management is the practice of initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and
closed the work of a team to achieve specific goals and meet specific success criteria at
the specified time. A project is a temporary endeavour designed to produce a unique
product, service or result with a defined beginning and end (usually time-constrained, and
often constrained by funding or staffing) undertaken to meet unique goals and objectives,
typically to bring about beneficial change or added value [3]. So we have to follow the
project management in order to complete the project in the estimated time.

Figure 2.1 below shows the Gantt chart that we use as guide to follow the time in
order to complete the project in time.

Figure 2.1 Project gantt chart

Figure 2.2 Milestone for the project

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Figure2.3 Work breakdown structure for the project

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3. MARKET ANALYSIS
A) General need of the product
Whiteboard had been used widely in the schools and universities. Unfortunately, the
whiteboard always left unclean as the lecturer want to save the time since it need to be clean
manually, so this project had been introduced to solve this problem. The portable automatic
whiteboard cleaner is the machine that can clean a whiteboard with a single press of a button.
This product also helps lecturers and teachers to save energy from cleaning the whiteboard.
Figure 3.1 shows the product of portable automated whiteboard cleaner.

Figure 3.1 Portable Automated Whiteboard Cleaner

This product also focused on the customer requirements during design this product by
using online survey and interview. There are 61 respondents involved in our survey. Our
respondents are either UTeM students or other citizens. The result of this survey is obtained
from the online survey via google form.

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Question 1:

Figure 3.2 Percentages of the respondent gender.

Figure 3.2 shows that the percentages of the respondent gender who involves in the
online survey. Based on the result, the male respondent is 52.5% while the female respondent
are 47.5%. It shows that male is more interested in this product.

Question 2:

Figure 3.3 Percentages of the respondent age

Figure 3.3 shows that the percentages of the respondents age. Based on the survey, the
majority of respondents are in range of 18-21 years old meanwhile 36.1% is range between
22-25 years old.

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Question 3:

Figure 3.4 Percentages of the respondents from each faculty

Figure 3.4 shows that the percentages of the respondents from each faculty of UTeM
or others citizen. The pie shows that the respondent majority from the FKM which is 31.1%,
other is 23% and FKP is 11.5%.

Question 4:

Figure 3.5 Percentage of the respondents think the products is affordable

Figure 3.5 shows that the percentages of the respondents think that the product must
be affordable to buy. Majority respondents choose 4 for affordable.

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Question 5:

Figure 3.6 Percentage of the respondents think the product is easy to be carried

Figure 3.6 shows that the percentages of the respondents think that the product must
be easy to be carried. Based on the results, the 26 respondents think easy to be carried is the
most important in the design of the products.

Question 6:

Figure 3.7 Percentage of the respondents think the products is fully automatic

Figure 3.7 shows that the percentages of the respondents think the product must full
automatic. Based on the result, 30 respondents choose 4 for the fully automated in the design
of our products.

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Question 7:

Figure 3.8 Percentage of the respondents think the product is easy to used

Figure 3.8 show that the percentages of the respondents think that the product must be
easy to use. Based on the survey, we found that 30 respondents choose 5 for our product
design must be easy to use.

Question 8:

Figure 3.9 Percentage of the respondents think the product is easy to install

From figure 3.9, the result shows that majority of the respondent choose 5 for the
product must be easy to install and minority choose 2 for the product must be easy to install.

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Question 9:

Figure 3.10 Percentage of the respondents think the product is in smaller size

Figure 3.10 shows the percentages of the respondents think that the product must be
in smaller size. Based on the graph it shows that there are 22 respondents choose 5 for the
product to be in smaller size.

Question 10:

Figure 3.11 Percentages of the respondents think the product is fast when cleaning

Figure 3.11 shows that the percentages of the respondents think that the products must
fast when cleaning. 28 respondents think fast when cleaning is most important in this product
design.

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Question 11:

Figure 3.12 Percentages of the respondents think the product must be in good appearance

Figure 3.12 shows that the percentages of the respondents think that this products
must in the good appearance. Based on the result, 23 respondents choose 4 for this product
design in a good appearance.

Question 12:

Figure 3.13 Percentage of respondents suggest for important features

Figure 3.13 show that the percentages of the respondents give their suggestion for this
product design. Based on the results, majority give their suggestion for not in high
maintenance and the product must be long lasting product.

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Question 13:

Figure 3.14 Percentages of respondents think the most important features from our survey

Figure 3.14 shows that the respondents choose one our features as the important
features for our product. Based on the results, affordable is the most important features for
our product design and the second is it must be easy to use.

There is another method that had been used which is interview method to get the
information on the customer requirements. We had been interviews Dr Yusmady bin
Mohamed Arifin.

Figure 3.15 Dr Yusmady bin Mohamed Arifin

Based on the interviewed, Dr Yusmady stated that he more prefer if this product is in
smaller size and does not jam when the product start to be function. He also said that he like
if this product could brought anywhere without any obstacle.

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B) Description and estimation of market size
The target for this product, Automated Portable Whiteboard Cleaner is in university
level and widely used in UTeM. The main target is Faculty of Mechanical Engineering to
make it be the first faculty to be fully used by lecturer. The other target is school in area
Melaka and can be used by teacher in school.

C) Competitive Products and Benchmarking


Table 3.1 below show the benchmarks of any competitive and the performance
criteria that this product will exceed. In term of light weight and portability, this product was
made in the smaller size so that the user easy to carry the product. The product consume the
less time when using the product by avoid the product from jam. This product also was make
by a simple design so that the user does not feel complicated when use the product.

Table 3.1 Benchmarking on the 3 company

COMPANY/FACTORS AUTOMATED ODDY- KORES ELECTRONIC/


PORTABLE ATUL SOFTWARE &
WHITEBOARD PAPER MECHANICAL
CLEANER PVT.LTD KITS
LIGHT WEIGHT 3 5 3 5
EASY TO BE USE 5 5 5 5
CONSUME LESS TIME 5 1 1 1
PORTABILITY 5 3 3 3

Table 3.2 Competitor rankings

1 Poor
3 Ok
5 Excellent

D) Opportunities for competitive advantages


There are some aspects of this product that would provide a competitive edge over the
current competing products. Firstly, this product have high rate safe. This product is a fast
cleaning than Oddy-Atul Paper PVT.LTD and the Kores because the product is fully
automated. The product uses a high quality duster so that the product has a smooth movement.
The product uses a suitable material so it can be uses for three years and above.

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Table 3.3 Comparisons of product advantages

ADVANTAGES AUTOMATED ODDY-ATUL KORES ELECTRONIC/


PORTABLE PAPER SOFTWARE &
WHITEBOARD PVT.LTD MECHANICAL
CLEANER KITS
SAFE 5 5 5 5
FAST 5 1 1 5
CLEANING
SMOOTH 3 1 3 3
MOVEMENT
THREE YEARS 3 3 3 3
LIFE TIME

Table 3.4 Competitor Rankings

1 Poor
3 Ok
5 Excellent

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4. PHYSICS OF THE ARTIFACT
a. This cleaner required a frictional power to make it work.

According to the equation (1) (Khurmi,1967), the force P1 required to move the block of
weight, W along a horizontal plane with uniform speed.

P1 = F = µ R = µ W ………………………………………………... (1)

b. Resultant of the frictional resistance of the whiteboard cleaner and normal direction

F, resultant of the frictional resistance and the R, normal direction is represented by R1 and
the angle between R1 and R is termed the angle of friction Ф.

F = µmg ………………………………………………………..…... (2)

Where µ = coefficient of friction, the whiteboard cleaner has a mass (m) and g as its
acceleration due to the gravity. According to William J. O‘Brien, 1996, the ratio of tangential
force to normal load during a sliding process. Frictional force is represented as F and R is
normal reaction between the two bodies which is between the whiteboard and the cleaner.

Figure 4.1

c. For equation (3), set the velocity (V), the distance (S) travelled by the whiteboard
cleaner on the board during cleaning operation is divided by the time (T)

V = S/T…………………………………………………..………… (3)

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d. For equation (4), the frictional power (P) required by the whiteboard cleaner for
cleaning is determined.

P1 = F x v ………………………………………..………………… (4)

The other factors to be considered here is the power needed by the motor are the chains and
sprockets. Chains are mostly used to transmit motion and power from one shaft to another
chains are used for long centre distance.

e. Power transmission for chain drive, equation (5)

P2 = W*V / N*Ks ………………………………………………….(5)

Where W is breaking load in Newton, V is velocity of chain in m/s, n is factor of safety, k


is service factor.

f. The pitch P, pitch of the chain is given by equation (6).

The diameter (D) and angels (θ) of the sprocket can be calculated using equations (7) and
(8)

P pitch = AB = 2Asin (θ/2) = 2 x (D/2) sin (θ/2) ….……..………… (6)

Where θ = 3600/T…………………………….…….………….….. (7)

D = P pitch cosec (1800/T) ……………………………….………… (8)

g. Length of the chain

The centre distance between the both sprockets can be used to estimate the number of chain
links. After getting the centre distance, the number of chain links (k) is counted to be.

L = K P pitch ………………………………………………………... (9)

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h. Factor of safety for the chain drives

The velocity of the chain will be the same as that required to move the whiteboard cleaner
through the required length. Ks is service factor and given by equation (1) where, K1 the load
factor (= 1) for constant load, K2 is lubrication factor (= 1.5) for periodic lubrication, K3 is
rating factor (= 1.5) for continuous service

Ks = K1. K2. K3 …………………………………………………….. (10)

i. Therefore, the Power transmitted by the chain is calculated using equation (5).

The total power PT transmitted or needed for the electric motor is

PT = P1 + P2 ………………………………………..……………… (11)

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5. DESIGN PARAMETERS
Design parameters are the set of physical properties whose values determine the form and
behavior of a design. Include the features of the design and values to describe the
performance.

A) CUSTOMER REQUIRMENT
A customer requirement is a specification that originates with customers as opposed to
internal stakeholders. This can include both functional and non-functional requirements for
products, services and experiences. Customer requirements may be documented directly by
customers themselves or collected and refined by an internal business analyst or market
research team.

Table 5.1 Customer Requirement and Weight Factor

CUSTOMER REQUIREMENT IMPORTANT WEIGHT FACTOR


Affordable 3
Easy to carry 3
Small size 2
Easy to install 4
Fully automatic 5
Easy to used 5
Fast when clearing 4
Appearance 1

Table 5.2 Scale for Important Weight Factor

IMPORTANT WEIGHT FACTOR SCALE


1 Least important
5 Most important

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A survey had been done by us through questionnaires and interviews and we get to
know customers need and wants for automated portable whiteboard cleaner. The main
requirement for automated portable whiteboard cleaner is fully automatic because it does not
require human energy to clean the whiteboard. Next, the second factor is easy to use so that
the customer does not need to refer from manual book. That is the highest customer
requirement and scored 5 for important weight factor. The customer requirement that had the
second highest is easy to install which is system does not require any tools to be used in order
to assemble or disassemble and fast when clearing which is does not used long time to make
the whiteboard clean. This factor scored 4 for important weight factor. Besides, the factors of
affordable and easy to carry had the third highest important from the customers that is 3. The
factors of small size and appearance of the product are not really important because they had
scored the lowest among all the factors which is 2 and 1.

B) ENGINEERING CHARACTERISTICS
Engineering characteristics are quantities that measure the performance of a candidate
designs with respect to specific customer required functions.

Table 5.3 Engineering Characteristics and Units

RANK ORDER ENGINEERING CHARACTERISTICS UNITS


1 Jamming probability %
2 Weight kg
3 Velocity m/s
4 Time to install system s
5 Customizability -
6 Material rigidity MPa
7 Speed responsive s
8 Lane span rad
9 Frictionless N

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Based on this research and engineering experience, the most important to the least
important engineering characteristics can be determined. Firstly, the jamming probability
which is the configuration (size, length) that will determine the product will get stuck or not.
Secondly, the weight of the product must proportional with the mass and the gravity so that
the weight can support the product when it been use. Thirdly, the velocity which means the
speed of the system must be high. Next, the time to install the system which is the length of
time it takes for the user to assemble mounts the system and get it working is less. It also
needs to be customizability. Besides, any part of the product must be able to withstand the
system for the material rigidity. The systems and processes capable of rendering a product or
service on schedule also needed for speed responsive. The product lane span needs to be at
least long lasting for 3 years. Lastly, the automated portable whiteboard cleaner should be
frictionless so the product can easy to move when been used.

C) CONSTRAINS
Constrains are limits on design freedom and it may be limited by maximum or minimum
values. In this project, there are a few types of constrains that be encounter while completing
the project. The first constrain that be encounter is size of the product which mean the size of
the product must be the same with the whiteboard that will use by the customer. There is
various type of whiteboard with different size so we must use the right measurement for the
product. So, all the part needs to be measure according to the all type of whiteboard that will
be use. Besides, the budget of the production of the product also one of the main constrain in
this project. It required suitable budget to produce this product. The survey is required to
comparing the price for the material that will be used from the different supplier so that we
can get it from the best supplier which had the cheaper price. Next, electric power supply is
needs in order to use the product. It cannot use the batteries to avoid the problem because this
product needs to use suitable value of power supply. Lastly, it must follow the step to
assemble the product so it can be use smoothly and safely. The customer usually does not
read the manual book for any product that they buy and just assemble it in any way until it
can be use. So we need to identify the best and easy way to assemble the product so there will
be no problem when it had used by the customer. Therefore we know the need of the
consumer that need to be improved in our product.

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6. HOUSE OF QUALITY
House of quality is a diagram, resembling a house used for defining the relationship
between customer desires and the product capabilities. It is a part of the Quality Function
Deployment (QFD) and it utilizes a planning matrix to relate what the customer want to how
a products that been produces is going to meet those wants.

The left lays is customer requirements section for the specific priority features that the
customer has set focus. The right side on a scale represent their importance to the customer.
The engineering specification section on the centre display part that need to measure in
engineering method. The details are shows in specific measurements at the base.

Figure 6.1 House of quality for the product

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From the figure 6.1, it was shown on the pattern on what customer want the most in
this product. From the HOQ analysis customer want the most in the product is fully automatic
and easy to be use. The requirements that the customer thinks not very important is
appearance and the other is averagely important.

From the customers’ requirements for the easy to be use the engineering
characteristics that strongly link with it is time to install the system because it will be easier
to be use if the time to install the system is small. From the customer requirements, a few
engineering characteristics listed in response for the criteria that have to be met in designing
the concept for the device. For example, jamming probability, lane span, time taken to install
the device, material rigidity, weight, and the other engineering characteristic as listed in HOQ
above. All of the characteristics listed is linked have relation on the customer requirements so
that the design can met the customer requirements. For the fully automatic requirements the
engineering characteristics that most critical in responding to the requirements is velocity and
time to install the system. So in order to fulfil the customer requirements we have to design a
product that is easy to be use, fully automatic and to make it happen we have to design it to
have less time to install and high velocity in order to fulfil the customers’ requirements.

So for the set of decision characteristics that will be used in selecting in the alternative
concepts fast when cleaning, easy to be used, fully automated, affordable and easy to install
should be consider in mind when selecting the final design.

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7. PRELIMINARY PRODUCT DESIGN SPECIFICATION (PDS)
The product design specification (PDS) is a document created during the during the
problem definition activity very early in the design process. It details the requirements that
must be met in order for the product or process to be successful. The document lays the
groundwork for all engineering design activities and ensures that all relevant factors are
accounted for and all stakeholders are heard from. A typical PDS includes the following
information.

Table 7.1 Product identification for the product

Product identification  Automatic cleaning whiteboard


 Suitable to all whiteboard types
 Fix in area of cleaning
 Plug as power source

Table 7.1 above shows the product identification. The product is an automatic
cleaning whiteboard. It means the product can automatically clean the whiteboard without
major manual work by users. It is also suitable to all whiteboard types. The product can
attach to different thickness of whiteboard but the area of cleaning are fix to reduce the size
of the product to make it easier to carry. Plug power source used for the product as to move
the motor need more power.

Table 7.2 Key project datelines for the product

Key project datelines  3 month to finish design

Table 7.2 shows the key project deadlines. It is needed 3 months to finish the design.
To design a product, identifying customer’s requirement and engineering characteristics
needed to know how the product can satisfy the users. Many initial design must been made to
compare which is the best among all of the design to make it more useful and easier to make.
To identify the part is rationalize or not is important and it will take some time.

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Table 7.3 Market identification for the product

Market identification  Target user is lectures and teachers


 1 unit of initial production
 Competing products: manual cleaning
not fully cleaned

Table 7.3 shows the market identification. The target user is lecturers and teachers.
The using of whiteboard cleaner must be a group of people that involve with teaching. To
ease the burden to wipe the whiteboard, the product may be useful due the product
specification. Initial production is only 1 unit to reduce the cost and to improve the product if
there is any comment from first user. The competing product cannot fully clean the
whiteboard and need more manual work by the user.

Table 7.4 Financial requirements for the product

Financial requirements  Warranty 1 year


 Manufacturing cost: RM 400
 Estimated retail price: RM 500

Table 7.4 shows financial requirements for the product and 1 year warranty of the
product is determined. The product is same with other mechanical product that only give 1
year of warranty. Manufacturing cost is RM400. So the estimated retail price is RM 500. This
is to make sure the product will give profit to production of the product. To make a product,
there must have profit to pay such as workers and maintenance of manufacturing laboratory.

Table 7.5 Life cycle target for the product

Life cycle target  Best function below 3 years


 No maintenance for major damage

For the product, there must have a life cycle target. Based on the table 7.5 above, the
product is estimated to function well below 3 years. For major damage, there is no
maintenance because it will cost nearly price with new one.

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Table 7.6 Budget for the product

Budget  Material: RM 300


 Man-power: RM 100
 Transportation: RM 50
 Others: RM 50
 Total: RM 500

Based on table 8.6 above, the budget to produce this product is estimated RM 400.
This is because retail price is RM 400. In order to make a product, its cost must not exceed
the retail price to avoid loss. Man power cost also need to be included in the budget. There is
some hard part to produce and takes more time to do the project. So it is decided to pay the
job. The list of the product budget is show in the table 8.6 above.

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8. Concept Generation
A) Function structure

Figure 8.1 Function structure of the product

The board is made up of the compartments which have the motor stand with motor, the
sprockets, chains and duster are mounted. The top of the board is covered with steel to
withstand the weight of the motor and other components and to enable easy fastening of the
motor stand on the board. All these components are gathered together by a top cover. This
cover has a fined surface by the side close to the motor to increase the surface area of heat
sent out of the motor, hence increase the performance of the electric motor. The design is
such that the base of the duster will have a roller which will enable the duster to move across
the duster while cleaning. At the extreme ends of the board, there will be pilot switches.
These pilot switches are sensors which are used to stop the duster from continually being in
operation when it is not needed.

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Figure 8.2 Structure of the product

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B) FEASIBLE CONCEPTS
Feasible concept is one of the important parts in the process to develop this product
design. There are several concepts that we propose based on specific criteria that need to be
follows. The generated of concept design need to refer the morphological chart that
representing the needed part in the product. Morphological chart show several parts that need
to be focus in order to develop the best and suitable concept. Based on the figure 8.3 below, it
show the morphological chart for this product that need to be consent.

Figure 8.3 Morphological charts for the product development

From the figure 8.3 above, there are four functions that be focus in order to generate
the concept which is movement of the duster, holder for the duster, connection power of
motor to duster and the type of attachment to the whiteboard. Each function has different type
of solution. This morphological chart will have to develop the concept based on the
requirement needed.

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CONCEPT A

Figure 8.4 Steel shaft duster design

There are many concepts that we build to meets the customer requirements and made
this design as figure 8.4 shown. There are few steps to apply this design. First of all, the user
must attach this design at the end of the whiteboard. Second, when the users push the button
‘start’, the DC motor in the casing will be functional, at the end of the motor, we put the gear
and connect with another gear so that the machine can be move from side to another side.
This design has roller in front of the gear to make this machine more grip at the end of the
whiteboard. The roller also can be adjustable for any size of whiteboard. The roller has a big
role where it makes the movement of the machine more smoothly. The duster holder also can
be adjustable where we can change the length of the duster fits with the length of the
whiteboard. The advantage for this design is its lightweight and small, it makes the product
easy to bring anywhere. This design also can fit to various size of whiteboard. The
disadvantage for this design is the design has less stability.

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CONCEPT B

Figure 8.5 Linkage shaft duster design

The next concept design is as shown in the figure above. The advantage of this design
is that it can clean the whiteboard in short time and it is has high portability. It is highly
portable because the duster can be attach and detach making its more portable design. The
disadvantage of this design is that it takes time to install the duster by attaching it one by one.
Furthermore, theoretically the force distributed in the duster will be no equally distributed
because the shaft is at the end of the duster and it will make the cleaning not uniform and not
clean thoroughly.

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CONCEPT C

Figure 8.6 Fixable duster holder design

Based on the figure 8.6 above, this concept consists of chain, battery, motor and
duster. The system can be function when the power supply is pressed ‘ON’ and the current
will flow. The electrical energy will pass through to the motor that connect with the chain.
The chain will rotate in one direction when the electrical energy from the battery flows
through the motor. It will make the duster move from one side to another side and start clean
the surface of the whiteboard. The system moves vertically on the whiteboard. It supports the
movement of the duster so that it can be move easy and smoothly. When the duster reached at
the end of the whiteboard, the duster needs to pull back to the started point because it moved
in one way only. The advantages for this concept are easy to install the system, time taken to
clean the whiteboard is less and it can clean the whole whiteboard. While the weakness for
this concept are it not fully automatic, using battery as the power supply and it only fix with
one size of whiteboard only.

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CONCEPT D

Figure 8.7 Duster joined using lock design

Based on the figure 8.7 above, the concept of cleaning is by using rotation movement
by shaft. Motor will rotate the shaft and move the duster in rotation and forward and
backward movement. Two sided duster used to stabilize the rotation movement to avoid more
damage on the shaft. The motor also move the case upward and downward. Its advantages
are using less cleaning materials and reduce cost to buy more parts. However the duster is not
cleaning the whiteboard fully. Moreover, the whiteboard is too long so it is needed long shaft
to clean to the end of whiteboard. It is hard to make it portable if the shaft is too long.

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CONCEPT E

Figure 8.8 Single duster rotational movement design

Based on the figure 8.8 above, the system was constructed in modules as designed and
later put together on completion to simplify the construction, testing and maintenance. As per
our design of this project, when the power supply is pressed ‘ON’ the current will
immediately converts into electrical energy and passes through to motor. At the motor, it
starts to convert electrical energy to mechanical to send the impulses to linkages to start move
accordingly. At the end of the linkage the duster is attached. When the linkage starts to move
horizontally and clockwise or anti-clockwise the duster attached will automatically starts to
erase the whiteboard all over. And the duster will eraser and move smoothly an entire
whiteboard to erase the writing on the whiteboards. The advantage for this concept is time
taken for cleaning the whiteboard is less. There are several weakness for this concept which
is it might causes any injuries, the whiteboard edges cannot be cleaned properly and it
manufacturing cost is higher.

From the concept above, the top the feasible concept are concept A (steel shaft duster
design), concept C (fixable duster holder design) and concept E (single duster rotational
movement design).

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C) FINAL CONCEPT USING AHP
The Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a problem-solving methodology for making
a choice from among a set of alternatives when the selection criteria represent multiple
objectives, have a natural hierarchical structure or consist of qualitative and quantitative
measurement. AHP is a decision analysis tool that is used throughout a number of fields in
which the selection criteria used for evaluating competing solutions that do not have exact,
calculable outcomes.

Figure 8.9 Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP) method of the product

Figure 8.10 Scale in Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP) method

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Λmax=4.1025

4.1025−4
Consistency index (CI) = = 0.03417
4−1

Consistency ratio=0.03417/0.89=0.0384

CR<0.1, so the matrix is consistent

For the AHP process there are four criteria that are for evaluating in determining the
design. The criteria are price, durability, cleaning speed and portability. These criteria are
based on the customer’s requirements. First, we compare which criteria are more important
than the other criteria and give rating to it as given in the figure above. For example price is
more important than durability so, rating 5 was given to it and 1/5 is given for it inverse
comparison. Then the total is calculated by adding all the value in every column. After that,
the rating was divided by the total value. The criteria weight value is obtain by adding all the
value in every row and divide it by 4 to get the value.

The consistency then checked by multiplying the weighted criteria by the original
rating. Then the sum weight value obtained by adding all the value obtained before for every
row. After that, ratio is calculated by dividing sum weight values and criteria weight.

𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜
Lastly the lambda was calculated using Λmax= . Then, the consistency index
4

and consistency ratio is calculated as shown above. Since, the value obtained is less than 0.1
the matrix is consistent.

36
From calculating the criteria weights and confirming its consistency, the value will be
used in weighted decision method to choose the best design from the weight factor, score,
and the rating.

Table 8.1 Weighted decisions for the product

From table 8.1 above, after obtaining the weight factor from the AHP, the score for
each of the design by its design criterion are given. Then the rating is calculated by
multiplying the weight factor and score to obtain the rating. After calculating the rating of
each design and its respective criteria, the sum or total rating is calculated for each design.

From the total rating shown in the table 8.1, design A (steel shaft duster design) has
the highest rating which is 7.537 while design D (duster joined using lock design) has lowest
rating which are 5.82 and the other design is in between these two designs. So, after looking
at this rating ranking, design A (steel shaft duster design) has been chosen as a final concept
that will be manufactured.

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9. Embodiment Design
A) FINAL DESIGN CONCEPT
After using AHP method and weighted decision design was chosen. Figure in the next
page show the design drawn using Solidworks. The designs consist of motor, duster
controller, roller and etc. The motor chosen is the dc motor. The motor will move from side
to another end side to clean the whiteboard. Duster part design that was chosen is the design
that can extend, that mean the automated whiteboard cleaner will be more portable since the
size can be minimize. The controller will be used to turn on the automated whiteboard cleaner.
After pushing the on button the motor will start working and the roller in the motor will start
to move on the whiteboard and start cleaning the whiteboard. After the duster finish cleaning
the whiteboard the controller will be press to make the device move back to its starting point
and press the controller again to stop its movement.

Figure 9.1 Exploded view of the product

38
Figure 9.2 Dimensional of controller Figure 9.3 Dimensional of duster holder

Figure 9.4 Dimensional of casing Figure 9.5 Dimensional of roller

39
B) PRODUCT ARCHITECTURE
Product architecture is the arrangement of the physical elements of a product to carry
out its required functions. A product’s architecture is related to its function structure but it
does not have to match it. A product’s architecture is selected to establish the best system for
functional success once a design concept has been chosen. There are two entirely opposite
styles of product architecture which is modular and integral architecture. A modular
architecture make it easier to evolve a design over time while in an integral architecture, the
implementation of function is accomplished by only one or a few modules.

Figure 9.6 Schematic diagram of the design

Based on figure 9.6 above, there are two part of module which is moving part module
and cleaning part module. For the moving part, its start from the power supply that connect
with the motor to turn on the switch of the whiteboard cleaner. It will give the signal to the
whiteboard cleaner to start move from one side to another side. Cleaning part module starts
when the whiteboard cleaner start to clean the whiteboard from one side to another side. Its
will move back to starting place when it finish clean the whiteboard.

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Cleaning part module

Moving part module

Figure 9.7 Part layout of the product

41
C) CONFIGURATION DESIGN
In configuration design for the project, the part that need to purchase and design can
be determine based on function and included in sketching of the product. This will help the
work easier and save more time than to consider the parts when want to assemble all of the
parts. It is also good to know whether the part can be use or not in real project and may find
the alternatives as a backup or decide to design it in the workshop.

Figure 9.8 Motor

Motor is used to do movements on the device. To clean the whiteboard, the device
need to have movement such as manual works by human. There are many types and power of
motor that can be purchased in shop nearby.

Figure 9.9 Shaft and gears

Next, shaft and gears needed to connect the motor with the part that wanted to move.
There are many function and types of shaft and gears available. For example, shaft and gears
connected to move the case and control the duster. It will reduce friction done by the duster to
prevent the device lose its power to clean the whiteboard.

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Figure 9.10 3- plug in

The 3-plug in is used to connect the power source to the motor. To move a big device
and many frictions due to the duster, it is recommended to use plug power source. If batteries
used for the device, the batteries cannot last long as more power needed to operate it. This
part is also available in hardware shop nearby that can easily purchase.

Figure 9.11 Duster

Duster is important part that needed to be purchased. It is the main function of the
device to clean the whiteboard and the duster is to wipe out the ink of whiteboard marker
clearly. Figure above shows the example of duster that can be purchased on store.

Figure 9.12 Roller

Roller also can purchase on nearby store. The roller is needed to move the case that
contain the motor and connected to duster holder. It is for the movement forward and
backward of the case to reduce friction. It will be connected to gears and motor to move it
forward and backward.

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Figure 9.13 Control switch

Switch is to control the direction of the device whether to move forward and
backward. This part also can be purchase. It is controlling the flow of current to move the
motor. It is easier to control the device with this switch because its direction is written on the
switch.

Figure 9.14 Duster holder Figure 9.15 Casing

These parts need to machine in the workshop. It is because the design cannot be

purchased. To reduce cost buying finish part to pay workers, it is better to do it by the team

members to reduce the cost. Duster holder is to hold the duster. It will attach to the casing and

moves together when switch is turn on. It is whether to use screw to combine the steel or

using welds.

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D) STANDARD PART SELECTION
In engineering the parts are divided into two which is custom parts and standard parts.
Custom parts are the parts that are not available in stores and can only be designed and
ordered according to our dimension and material type. While standard parts are the parts that
are available in stores anytime and anywhere. It also can be found out in many sizes. In our
project we have found out our standard parts and it is listed as below.

Table 9.1 Standard part for the product

COMPONENT NAME RATIONALE


 Easy to install
Motor
 Moderated weight
 Low maintenance

 Low cost
3 pin plug  Can be easily
connected to the
motor

 Low cost
Rollers  Light weight
 Can move along the
lane easily

 Magnetic surface
Duster with high contact
with whiteboard
 More stable
 Light weight

 Easy to find very


Gear easy to be connected
to the motor
 Available in many
size

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In the standard part selection, five components had been chosen. The first component
is motor. It can be easily installed and available in moderate weight. Moreover, it also has a
low maintenance. Next component is 3-pin plug that is cheap and can be easily connected to
the motor. It also acts as a switch to the system. The component part is roller that has low
cost and it is light weight. It can move along the lane easily. It light weight factor cause the
system to be light weight system. The fourth component is the duster. The duster is magnetic
and lightweight. This helps the duster to be high contact with the whiteboard and makes the
system more stable. Lastly, the last component is gear that is very easy to be connected to the
motor and available in many size. Beside it is also easy to find in the hardware shop.

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E) PARAMETRIC DESIGN
Parametric design is the latter part of embodiment design, design variables in
parametric design is the attributes of components identified in configuration design [4]. The
design variables are an attribute part of whose value is under control of the designer [4]. This
product has two part of custom part which is duster holder and casing box. In table 9.2 below,
it shows the parametric design for this product.

Table 9.2 Parametric design of the product

DUSTER HOLDER CASING BOX

DIMENSION (575×45×80+575×80×35+575×80×25)Cm (196×183×156)Cm

DESIGN RECTANGLE SHAPE RECTANGLE SHAPE

MATERIAL STAINLESS STEEL STAINLESS STEEL

PROCESS

REASONS • EASY TO MANUFACTURE


• HIGH DURABILITY
• SIMPLE DESIGN
• FLEXIBLE WITH VARIOUS SIZE OF WHITEBOARD
• HIGH CORROSION RESISTANCE

Based on the Design for Environment (DFE), this product chooses stainless steel as
this product material. This material meets the Role of Material Selection in Design for
Environment because stainless steel is a green product. This material is not coated with any
toxic material so it is 100% recyclable [5]. Stainless steel uses scrap metal as its majority raw
material during the process of production [5].

47
10. DETAIL DESIGN
A) MANUFACTURING AND PROCESS COST ANALYSIS
A manufacturing process converts a material into a finished part or product. The
changes that occur with respect to part geometry can also affect the internal microstructure
and therefore the properties of the material. It requires and energy flow to cause the material
flow that brings about changes in shape. The information flows which consist of both shape
and material property information depends on the type of material, the process used whether
mechanical, chemical or thermal, the characteristics of the tooling used and the pattern of
movement of the material relative to the tooling.

Table 10.1 Process convert a material into a finished part


Components Cost
Casing  Weld all around the joint
Duster holder  Fabricate all around the joint

Based on table 10.1 above, the process that is needed in the process of making the part
of casing and duster holder. The stainless steel sheet is used to make the casing for the motor
and the duster holder. Each part consist several joint to make the component attached to each
other. The welding process is needed to be used in the process to make the casing part by
weld all around the joint. For the duster holder part, it required fabrication process.

48
Cost is such an overpowering consideration in many materials selection situations that
need additional attention to this factor. Cost is what must be paid to achieve that level of
value. The basic cost of a material depends upon scarcity as determined by either the
concentration of the metal in the ore or the cost of the feedstock for making a polymer, the
cost and amount of energy required to process the material and the basic supply and the
demand for the material.
Table 10.2 Component cost for the product
COMPONENTS COMPONENTS COST
Motor 1 unit RM 20 per unit

3 plug in 1 unit RM 4 per unit

Roller 2 units RM 3 per unit

Gear 2 unit RM 5 per unit

Microfiber 6 units RM 8 per unit

Controller 1 unit RM 4 per unit

Ball end bolts 8 units RM 3 per unit

Stainless steel sheet 2 units RM120 per unit

49
In the cost analysis part, the cost for each component has been estimated. The rough
estimated is needed to set the budget for the product. The cost for motor is RM 20.00 per unit
and RM 4.00 for one unit three plug in. There is two roller needed in this product and it cost
RM3.00 per unit. The cost for one unit gear is RM 5.00 that needed two gears for the product
and it required six microfibers that cost RM 10.00 per unit. Beside, to control the movement
of the product it required one controller that cost RM 4.00 per unit. Next, the cost for one unit
ball end bolt is RM 3.00 per unit and it needed eight units for this components. The last
component is stainless steel sheet that cost RM 120.00 per unit. All the components can be
purchase at the hardware shop or online shop. The cost for the certain components is cheap if
it be purchase at the online shop compare to the cost at the hardware shop.

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B) ENGINEERING DRAWING SET

Figure 10.1 Casing part

Part number 3 is case that will keep the motor and assemble it with power source. The
case will put on the top of whiteboard. To attach to the whiteboard is by using the roller that
is part number 2. It is used to move the case along the whiteboard. The case also can be
controlled by using controller. The part will make the case can go forward and backward.

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Figure 10.2 Roller part

Figure 10.3 Controller part

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Figure 10.4 Duster part

All of those parts are determined their dimensions to identify the size of the parts. It is
because some of the parts will be machining to produce it. In addition, the parts that need to
be purchased can get from the hardware store nearby such as motor, gears, roller and plug in.

Figure 10.5 Exploded view drawing

The figure above shows the exploded view of the device. It contains the bill of
materials of the device to identify the parts. There are 7 parts in the drawings that are
identified.

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11. CONCLUSION
In this project, we were given the task to invent the Automated Portable Whiteboard
Cleaner. From this project, we can conclude that the management and the cooperation among
the team member are important to obtain the objective of this project in a given time. Some
method for this time managing process, design process, marketing analysis and logbook that
involved in this project really helps us to make sure all works are under control without
having any problem. The important thing that had been learned from this project is that it
makes us more responsible to complete our tasks that were given by our group leader. We
also had learned that some observation and survey for our product specification and we also
wanted made our product meet the customer requirement. We figured our behaviour of the
product based on our survey and interview. It gives us better understanding rather than
surfing the information in the internet only. Therefore, we can conduct this project easily with
the enough information for the product and for the material that we need for this project.

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REFERENCES
1) Atwood, et al, (2002). ―Electronic whiteboard system and method‖. AMA 16 (1) 5-9

2) Ariyama, (2002). ―Writing on dry erase whiteboards with non–permanent marker‖. Trans.
Of ASAE 25, (6), 13-20

3) project-management.com. (2018). What is Project Management?. [online] Available at:


https://project-management.com/what-is-project-management/ [Accessed 10 Dec. 2018].

4) G. E. Dieter and L. C. Schmidt, Engineering Design, 5th ed. New York, 2013.

5) Sassda.co.za. (2018). Stainless Steel and the Environment. [online] Available at:
https://sassda.co.za/about-stainless/stainless-steel-and-the-environment/ [Accessed 20 Dec.
2018].

6) "Whiteboard Duster - ODDY - ATUL PAPER PVT. LTD., 2604, Shri Balaji Market, Main Road,
Nai Sarak, , Delhi, India", Esuppliersindia.com, 2018. [Online]. Available:
http://www.esuppliersindia.com/oddy-atul-paper-pvt-ltd-/whiteboard-duster-pr2140706-
sCATALOG-swf.html. [Accessed: 20- Dec- 2018].

7) kores.com: Magnetic Whiteboard Eraser", Kores.com, 2018. [Online]. Available:


http://www.kores.com/products/cleaners/magnetic-whiteboard-eraser/. [Accessed: 20- Dec-
2018].

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