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MUSIC -FRANSISCO SANTIAGO- Father of Kundiman Art Song

-his’ masterpiece is “Concerto in B flat minor” and the most


-most universal in its appeal and acceptance. famous piece “Kundiman (Anak Dalita)”
-still has character expression -Filipino Composers:
-The collective expression of the musical genius of a particular -Nicanor Abelardo
people. -Juan Hernandez
-E. Arsenio Manuel: Filipino is a “singing people” -Rodolfo Cornejo
-BAYAN KO - Originally penned by Jose Alejandrino and
PRE-COLONIAL translated into Tagalog some three decades later by the poet
-Already possessed a varied and vibrant musical culture. José Corazón de Jesús.
-pipes, flutes, drums and various string instruments are used -The Spanish lyrics of Bayan Ko were originally written for
Ex: the Severino Reyes zarzuela, Walang Sugat ("no wound").
1. Kudyapi - 2 stringed guitar/ lute Attributed to the propagandista, General José Alejandrino, the
-ethnic musical instruments complimented with NATIVE song expressed opposition to the ongoing American Occupation.
DANCE forms whose movements of animals, humans and The current and more popular Tagalog version is attributed to
elements from nature José Corazón de Jesús, and the music to Constancio de
1. Bagobos of Mindanao- imitates predatory bird movements Guzmán.
-FOLKSONG - Kantahing bayan inspired by the songs of the
SPANISH COLONIZATION Spaniards like HABANERA, JOTA POLKA etc.
-Philippine Musical forms took on a very European flavour- new
rhythms, melodies, and musical forms JAPANESE OCCUPATION
-CATHOLIC LITURGICAL MUSIC - FELIPE DE LEON- “Awit sa paglikha ng bagong Pilipinas”
1. 1742; Friar Rodriguez Andel (Archbishop of Manila) - Jazz and Popular Music were banned
established a singing school- Manila Cathedral- that taught
catholic church music POST WAR/ MARTIAL LAW/ CONTEMPORARY
2. Curriculum was patterned from MANILA CONSERVATORY OF -Philippine Philharmonic Orchestra (PPO)
MUSIC -Country’s leading orchestra and the top musical ensembles
-MARCELO ADONAY - Prince of Philippine Church Music by the Asia Pacific Region
-PIPE ORGAN -Established on May 1973 and intended to accompany
- St. Joseph Parish Church in Las Pinas City performing artists at the CCP theatre
- 19h century church organ made from Bamboo -BAYAN KO regarded a Cult popularity during Marcos
- Completed at 1824 by Father Diego Cera Dictatorship in 1972. People emboldened to sing it at 1983 on
-RONDALLA - Traditional string orchestra comprising such as: the funeral of Sen. Benigno Aquino Jr. and the 1986 People Power
- Banduria and Laud- two-string mandolin-type instrument where Freddie Aguilar led the singing
- guitar, double bass, and often drum for percussion -ORIGINAL PILIPINO MUSIC (OPM) - Originally referred only to
-Name is originated in the Iberian Rondalla tradition Philippine Pop songs- ballads, and Manila Sounds
-Used to accompany several Hispanic-influenced song forms and -MANILA SOUND - Musical Genre in the Philippines (began in
dances 1970’s in Manila)
-KUNDIMAN - Traditional means of Serenade; a typical love song -Flourished in mid1970’s and waned in popularity in early
written in triple time; expresses lofty sentiments of love 1980’s
- Raymundo Banas cites 3 theories of origin: “Kung hindi man”- -Considered as the Bright side of Martial Law era
or “If it were not so”
- Later half of 19th century - Revolutionary sentiments began
to develop Kundiman as means of vehicle for resistance: with VISUAL ART
lyrics were that unrequited love with the love of object is the -arts created primarily for visual perception (drawing, graphics,
Philippines symbolized as a beautiful woman painting, sculpture, and the decorative arts
-1896-1898 - JOPCELYNANG BALIWAG or officially called as
“Music of the Legitimate Kundiman that proceeds from the PRECOLONIAL PERIOD
Insurgents” famous kundiman that sparked patriotic sentiments -TABON MAN- first people to step foot in the Philippines
and a favourite among revolutionists of Bulacan during the -Skull cap- first discovered by an American anthropologist, DR.
Philippine Revolution of 1898 - “Kundiman of the Revolution” ROBERT FOX (National Museum)
-features lyrics dedicated to a young and Beautiful Filipina -Old Stone Age (paleolithic, 22 mya)
idolized in the Bulacan town of Baliwag named “Josefa ‘Pepita’ -Excavated in Tabon cave (may 28, 1962)
Tiangson y Lara” which symbolises the image of the Motherland, -INDONESIANS- First sea immigrants who belonged on
“Inang baying katagalugan of Filipinos Mongoloid race
- BALITAW - Sentimental Love songs and lullabies also evolved. -MALAYS- from the Iron Age culture who came from the Brown
-HARANA - Old Filipino Courtship tradition of serenading a race.
woman commonly practiced in rural and small towns
-PASYON - epic narrative of the Life of Jesus (commonly practiced POTTERY
in Sampaloc, Rizal -Ceramic material which makes up pottery wares- earthenware,
-PHILIPPINE NATIONAL ANTHEM stoneware, and porcelain
-1898, by Julian Felipe; written by Jose Palma in 1899 -MANUNGGUL JAR -most remarkable find in ancient pottery,
-Lyrics were adapted from the Spanish poem Filipinos found in Manunggul cave in Palawan
-Originally written as Bayang Magiliw -ANTHROPOMORPHIC JARS OF MAITUM - “Maitum Jars”
-Subsequenly played during the proclamation of the Philippine discovered by the National Museum archaeological team in 1991
independence on June 12, 1898 -CALATAGAN RITUAL POT - excavated in 1961 and discovered in
-Inspired by Spanish Royal March (according to some rumors) Calatagan, Batangas- 1st Pre-colonial artefact with traces of
indigenous writing.
AMERICAN COLONIZATION -BURNAY JAR- earthen unglazed air-tight jar that is solid and
-First decade was an Era of Suppresed Nationalism sturdy to store food and drinks.
-Professional Music Schools: -PALAYOK - Used for cooking
-UP Conservatory of Music -BANGA and TAPAYAN- fermenting food or keeping fluids
-Music Education in Public Schools CARVING
-Radio/Jukebox -Using tools to shape something from a material by Scraping
-Philippine Society of Oriental Culture - A study of Indigenous away portions of material
Philippine Music
-ANGONO PETROGLYPHS- 3000 B.C. 127 human and animal PAINTINGS
figures, oldest artwork in the Philippines -Saints and religious scenes constantly commissioned by the
-LAGUNA COPPERPLATE INSCRIPTION churches; monasteries etc.
-900 AD; Antoon Postma deciphered the text in 1989 in -Lagit, Lupa and Impierno (1850) Heaven, Earth and the Hell
National Museum of the Philippines-Earliest written work written -three level painting which shows the Holy trinity, Mary the
in KAVI (mysterious script) Mother of Christ, saints and the Seven Blessed Sacraments.
-Propaganda - Ilocos revolt against the Basi monopoly in 1821
SCULPTING
-Art of making two or three dimensional art forms, especially by
carving stone or wood or by casting metal or plaster
-BULUL
-Stylized anthropomorphic wood carving figures of Anito
(ancestral spirits made by people of Cordillera)
-found in pairs symbolizes fertility
-OKIR
-Curvilinear motif used by Maranao and Tausung of
Mindanao- example such as Sarimanok, Naga

TEXTILE/WEAVING
-Art since pre-colonial times- a religious ritual according to
ethnic groups
-CORDILLERA GROUPS- Fulfills a practical function and play
part in religion and ritual
-T’BOLI of COTABATO
-T’nalak - g’mayaw bird: rhythms create the feeling off lapping
wings; the frog which signifies fertility and the dancing man in
the rain
-MALONG or Tapis- Basic tube skirt garment popular to
Maranaos which worn as an everyday clothing
-PIS SIYABIT- Headpiece woven by the Tausug of Sulu
-MAT WEAVING- Visayas, Samar and Leyte are known for their
colourful mats with bird and flower designs; Large mats- family
use
-TEPO MAT- Colorful double layered mat of the Sinma of Tawi
Tawi made from Pandan leaves; everyday object with high artistic
value
-HAT WEAVING- Tausug hat; maguindanaoan hat; Yakan hat of
Basilan
-BASKETRY- 3 types:
-Carrying (Cordillera Pasiking)- Itbayat, Batanes, Ovaloid
baskets made of Nito and bamboo are used as head sling to
carry harvests
-Storage- Bontoc Akob: used as lunch basket
-Trapping baskets- Bubo: fish trap in Ilocos region that is
made of woven bamboo strips

SPANISH PERIOD
-SPANISH FRIARS
-Western styles of Painting and engraving (Religious themes)
-Strictly for the Church or Religious purposes only
-RELIGIOUS ART
-Images of the Holy Family and the saints through carving
“Santos”, the “via cruces” (Stations of the Cross) engravings on
“estamoitus” and through glass paintings on church walls
-SANTOS
-Sculptures and images of Saints/biblical figures
-usually large, carved from hardwood such as molaves and
placed on church facades or altars
-URNAS
-Small Santos were kept. Miniature altar pieces with niches
-VIRINAS
-Small Santos protected under cylindrical glass globes
-ENCARNACION- Process to make santos appear more lifelike-
use of glass eyes and tears and wigs of human or fiber hair
-BASTIDOR- mannequins with wooden hands and heads which
were attatched to a bastidor of a framework body.
-RELIGIOUS RELIEF- Size ranges form small plaques hung in
houses to the large and heavy ones used to adorn churches
-TIPOS DEL PAIS- Figures of ordinary people in local costume
-ACADEMIA DE DIBUJO y PINTURA - Students began to carve
heads of various of Philippine ethnographic types and genres or
scenes from everyday life.
-RETABLO- Huge altar pieces that are housed in the churches

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