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ABSTRACT
Agroforestry is a land management system that is already popular in Indonesia. Such system has helped farmers to
increase their agricultural production, social life and ecological stability. Traditional community in Sumba has applied
agroforestry since long time ago and known as Kaliwu. This becomes one of indigenous knowledge, as Kaliwu is a
system that is socially constructed through an intensive interaction between local people and its environment and
transmitted from generation to generation. This study sought to convey sociological aspects that are suspected as the
key factors that made this system socially existed up until now. The study was conducted a year in 2009 in Desa
Waimangura, Sumba Island. This is a social research, which employs several data collection techniques such as social
survey towards 30 respondents, in-depth interview, observation, and literature review. Data have been analyzed
through quantitative and qualitative procedures. The results indicated that sociologically, Kaliwu is a knowledge
system of traditional land management that has been constructed along with the socio-historical practices experienced
by indigenous people. Social norms (adherence to traditional values, division of labour systems, conflict management)
and social institution such as farmer group become the social factors that play significant role to make kaliwu
sustainable.
ABSTRAK
Agroforestri merupakan salah satu system pengelolaan lahan yang populer di Indonesia terutama di daerah berlahan
kritis dan kering. Sistem ini sangat membantu masyarakat desa untuk mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan lahannya melalui
fungsi ekonomi, ekologi, dan sosial budaya. Masyarakat tradisional Sumba mengenal system agroforestry dengan nama
Kaliwu. Sistem ini telah diterapkan sejak lama dan merupakan bagian dari pengetahuan asli masyarakat Sumba dalam
mengelola lahan secara turun temurun. Penelitian ini berusaha meninjau aspek sosiologis di balik praktek kaliwu yang
disinyalir manjadi faktor penentu kelestarian system ini dari generasi ke generasi. Penelitian dilakukan selama setahun
pada 2009 di Desa Waimangura, Pulau Sumba. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui survey sosial terhadap 30
responden, wawancara, observasi, dan studi pustaka. Data dan informasi yang terkumpul dianalisis secara kuantitatif
dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa, secara sosiologis, kaliwu merupakan sebuah system pengetahuan
dalam pengelolaan lahan yang dikonstruksi secara menyejarah oleh masyarakat Sumba. Kaidah-kaidah sosial (ketaatan
pada nilai tradisional, pembagian kerja, manajemen konflik) dan lembaga sosial kelompok tani menjadi faktor sosial
yang menopang keberlanjutan kaliwu di tengah masyarakat.