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From these data, which of the following conclusions can be drawn (in each case
the conclusions are restricted to females aged 45 to 49)? (check as many as are
correct).
a. The social class adjusted results decrease the likelihood that distance
from the clinic was related causally to broken appointments.
b. The social class adjusted results decrease the likelihood that social
class was related to broken appointments
c. The data confirm that the social class distribution of patients living
at different distances from the clinic does vary.
d. The data increase the likelihood that both distance from the clinic
and social class of the patients are related to broken appointments.
18. Two observers examined the same 100 subjects independently. Each observer
reported the prevalence of diabetes as 25 % in the sample. Construct a table
demonstrating how it possible for observer 1 and observer 2 to have inter-
observer reliability of only 50 %, despite their identical estimates of
prevalence.
19. As part of a cancer control program, a state’s Department of Human Services
started a program in 1960 to reduce the exposure of the population to x-rays.
To evaluate the effectiveness of the program, a statewide cancer register was
developed to record all newly diagnosed case of cancer. The data in table
10.14 refer to a specific, incurable form of cancer in children (age 0 to 4);
exposure to x-rays is thought to be an important part of the cause.
Assume that the reporting of new cases was reasonably complete and that
there had been minimal in- or out-migration from the state during
Sekarang giliran Anda: mengevaluasi pemahaman Anda
Dari data tersebut, yang dari kesimpulan berikut dapat ditarik (dalam setiap
kasus kesimpulan dibatasi untuk perempuan berusia 45 hingga 49)? (Periksa
sebanyak benar).
18. Dua pengamat diperiksa 100 subyek yang sama secara independen. Setiap
pengamat melaporkan prevalensi diabetes 25% dalam sampel. Buatlah sebuah
tabel menunjukkan bagaimana mungkin bagi pengamat 1 dan pengamat 2
memiliki keandalan inter-observer dari hanya 50%, meskipun perkiraan identik
mereka prevalensi.
19. Sebagai bagian dari program pengendalian kanker, Departemen suatu negara dari
Human Services mulai program pada tahun 1960 untuk mengurangi paparan dari
populasi untuk sinar-x. Untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas program, kanker daftar
seluruh negara bagian dikembangkan untuk merekam semua kasus baru
didiagnosa kanker. Data dalam tabel 10.14 mengacu pada bentuk spesifik, dapat
disembuhkan dari kanker pada anak-anak (usia 0-4); paparan sinar-x dianggap
bagian penting dari penyebabnya.
Asumsikan bahwa pelaporan kasus baru cukup lengkap dan bahwa ada
minimal di-atau migrasi keluar dari negara selama