GRAMMAR
sentence has the same meaning.
1 Complete the sentences with the correct word(s).
Example: Your brother seems to get himself in trouble a lot.
did get have got get
1 It’s ________ late. We should leave soon.
get getting got
2 My backache ________ every time I lie down.
getting worse got worse gets worse
3 I don’t think I’ll ever ______ to taking the subway.
get use get used to get use
4 Brian ________ trying to take a video camera into
the concert.
got caught someone was got caught got caught
5 I’d like ____ a professional to fill in my tax forms.
to get get got
6 Could you get Adam ________ me a call, please?
give to give giving
2 Complete the sentences with the correct word(s).
Example: As far as meals are concerned, we’re planning
on bringing our own food.
concern are concerned concerned
1 On the one hand, we need the rain for our garden to
grow. On ________ hand, we want to sit in the
garden and enjoy the sunshine!
other the other another
2 Please be on time for the bus. ________ you’ll make
everyone late for the concert.
Other Other words Otherwise
3 ________ you don’t really like your new job.
Obvious to me Obviously Obvious
4 I don’t understand the instructions for getting to the
show. ________, I don’t even want to go.
It’s beside Beside Besides
5 Julie is coming for the weekend. ________ she’s
leaving her job to start her own business, and she
wants your advice.
Incidentally By incident Incident
6 A Do you like baseball?
B As ________ of fact, I love it.
matters if it mattered a matter
7 I think you should take the day off tomorrow.
________, your brother doesn’t visit very often.
After all After It’s after
8 It’s going to rain tomorrow, or ________ that’s what
the forecast said.
least at least leastly
9 They say a lot of bad things about Jacob, but
________ his work is concerned he’s doing a great
job here in the office.
as regards as a matter of as far as
3 Replace get with another verb so that the
1 Are you going to get him a present for his birthday?
__________________
2 Remind me that I need to make an appointment to get
my hair cut. __________________
3 Could you get me the book from the other room?
__________________
4 When do you think the train will get to Manchester?
__________________
5 I’m not sure if I’ll get a letter from him or not.
__________________
VOCABULARY
4 Underline the correct word(s).
Example: I got blamed / praised for the mistake that was
made at work.
1 When we went to Spain, Eric spent the whole / much
time in our hotel room.
2 I hope my cousin can get her act out / together. Right
now, she’s got a lot of problems.
3 I hate getting told off / on in front of people. It’s so
embarrassing.
4 I’m afraid you got the wrong end of the stick / fire.
We don’t want to buy the house, we want to sell it.
5 The best way to get around / back town is by bicycle.
6 I hope we can get away / out of going to the meeting
next Monday.
7 We’re going to be so late, I wish you would get a
move out / on!
8 Dan missed all his deadlines last year but still got a
huge bonus. How does he get away with / out of it?
5 Complete the words in the sentences.
Example: A civilian is someone who is not a member of
the armed forces or the police.
1 A s________ shoots at people from a hidden
position.
2 A r________ is a sudden, illegal, often violent
change of government.
3 A t________ is a formal agreement between two or
more countries.
4 R________ are people who are forced to leave their
homes because there is a war.
5 A person who has been injured in a war is called a
c________.
6 A c________ is when two armies agree to stop
fighting temporarily.
6 Complete the sentences with the correct word(s).
Example: In the past, warriors used bows to shoot
arrows at the enemy.
bullets bows shields
1 The soldier held his ________ tightly as he ran across
formal programme of history instruction in schools? Four
experts give their views.
Expert A
A historian is interested in the past because he is interested in

the field shooting. life. The true historian’s interest in the past answers a deeply

cannon machine gun missile felt need to assure the continuity of human life and discover

2 The tribe defended their village in the jungle by its meaning, even if the goal is never fully realized. However,

throwing ________ at the boats of the soldiers as the most commonly cited practical reason for studying history

they came up the river. is that it improves judgment. It offers the opportunity to avail of

sieges troops spears the experiences of other times and other nations; it qualifies

3 The rebels ________ the bridge to stop the soldiers them as judges of the actions and designs of men. History

from getting supplies. doesn’t tell us the answers to our questions, but it helps to

surrendered blew up defeated inform us so that we might make better decisions in the future.

4 After the attack on the city, all of the shops were And this has never been as important as it is nowadays in this

________ and almost everything was stolen. era of the World Wide Web and globalism, when knowledge

overthrown declared looted of the larger world is not only desirable, but increasingly

5 A I really love war films. important.

B Really? I’m not particularly fond ________ them.
Expert B
of in with
6 The king was very proud ________ his soldiers for The use of historical examples is ancient and no doubt
winning the battle. predates written language. We can imagine cave dwellers
with of for sitting around the evening campfire sharing anecdotes of
6 admired ancestors worthy of emulation. People need models,
PRONUNCIATION and historical examples are especially powerful models
because they actually existed. Joan of Arc demonstrates the
7 Match the words to the same sound. power of individual belief and action. Galileo symbolizes the
fight against authority for freedom of thought, while Thomas
capture civil joke nerves short troops Becket represents integrity in the face of deadly intimidation.

Example: research capture As we know, humans are pattern makers. While many
philosophers of history have believed that history is revealed
1 siege ________ only through its unique events, others have been unable to
2 loot ________ resist the urge to ascribe pattern to history. One view put
3 execution ________ forward is that historical cultures, like plants and animals,
4 victorious________, ________ follow the cycle of growth, flowering and decline. Certainly,
history shows us that individuals and empires may rise, but
8 Underline the stressed syllable. eventually they will fall.
Example: cas|ual|ties
Expert C
1 his|tor|i|an
2 sur|vi|ving Some of history’s greatest historians have seen human self-
3 ci|vi|lized awareness as the very essence of history. Arnold Toynbee
4 re|bel|li|on said, ‘History is a search for light on the nature and destiny of
5 vic|tor|i|ous man.’ The value of history, then, is that it teaches us what man
has done and thus what man is. Psychologist Bruno
READING Bettelheim asserted that human self-knowledge is the most
Read the article about the uses of history and choose A, important role of formal instruction and that most of all, our
B, C or D. schools ought to teach the true nature of man; teach about his
troubles with himself, his inner turmoils and about his
difficulties in living with others. They should teach the
The uses of history prevalence and the power of both man’s social and anti-social
tendencies, and how the one can domesticate the other,
The popular interest in history reflects a desire to know
without destroying the individual’s independence or self-love.
more about ourselves. This is all well and good, but does
history possess sufficient value to warrant an extensive
Expert D
 The concept of identity is key. Questions of identity are a A It was different from what I had expected before I
central concern of psychology, which has found that loss of saw it.
identity results in loss of significance; without identity there is B It has a personal connection for me.
little meaning and purpose to life. As Beverly Southgate puts C Most people remember one particular scene from it.
it, history – the memories of things past – is of supreme D I liked it so much that I saw it over and over again.
importance in maintaining a sense of identity. In this context, E I remained affected by it for some time after I’d seen
Southgate quotes a character from a Saul Bellow novel who it.
says, ‘Everyone needs his memories. They keep the wolf of F One particular scene is very emotional and moving.
insignificance from the door.’ And I think that sums it up rather G The acting is the most impressive aspect of it.
nicely. Southgate says the need for identity applies to nations H I found elements of it unrealistic.
as well as to individuals; cultural identity contributes to
meaning, purpose and cohesion in society; without it, society 2 Listen to a talk about how people feel when a
would be as rootless and adrift as an individual with amnesia. relationship breaks up. Complete the sentences
using no more than three words.
Which expert: 1 When a relationship breaks up, you have to have
1 draws a comparison between history and a process in different ideas about ________.
the natural world. _____ 2 The first stage involves feelings of ________.
2 explains that the study of history is fundamentally a 3 In the first stage, you ask yourself questions
quest to understand humans. _____ beginning with the words ‘________’.
3 gives an example of a person who had strong faith in 4 In the second stage, feelings of ________ may last
their own principles. _____ for more than a few weeks.
4 explains the popularity of the belief that examining 5 In the final stage, it is common to experience both
history leads people to come to better conclusions. ________.
_____
5 states that communicating an understanding of QUICKTEST GRAMMAR
ourselves is the ultimate aim of education. _____
6 believes the use of an animal metaphor effectively Tick () A, B, or C to complete the sentences.
communicates an idea. _____ Example: A I saw Millie at the cinema the other night.
7 states that humans fundamentally feel lost if we B ________ of the cinema, have you seen the
haven’t got a sense of who we really are. _____ new Bond film?
8 suggests that the habit of telling each other stories A Saying B Talking  C About
was common even in historic times. _____
9 refers to two contradictory attributes of humans. 1 The sun goes down at about 5.30 and it ________
_____ dark at about 6.15.
10 mentions the current significance of adding to our A get B gets C got
understanding of international events. _____ 2 It can be difficult to get ________ to a new flatmate.
A used B use C being used
WRITING 3 Martin ________ trying to steal a car last night.
Write an article of approximately 250 words. A get caught B was got caught C got caught
Imagine you are a historian in the year 2200. Choose 4 I need ________ a new mobile. This one’s broken.
an event that has happened in the last five years, A get B to get C getting
and tell the story of that event as if you are looking 5 Can you ________ to fix my computer?
back on it from the year 2200. A get B get someone C to get
6 Ben seems ________ lost on the way home.
A to got B got C to have got
LISTENING 7 I’m going to the post office because I need
_________ my passport renewed.
1 Listen to five people talking about various A to get B getting C get
historical films. Match the speakers (1–5) to 8 Could we _________ Stefanie to look after the
what they say about the films (A–H). children?
A get B got C to get
Speaker 1
9 We’re short-staffed as someone ______ last week.
Speaker 2
A was got sacked B got sacked C to get sacked
Speaker 3
10 ________ our meeting, do you mind if we postpone?
Speaker 4
A Regarding B As far as C Otherwise
Speaker 5
 11 I think we should go out tonight. ________, it’s your A defeated B surrendered C besieged
birthday. 8 The bridge was ________ to stop the enemy from
A All above B To sum up C After all receiving supplies.
12 ________ the whole, I think office workers have A blown up B declared C overthrown
more back problems. 9 The soldiers ________ the museum and stole a lot of
A On B In C To national treasures.
13 I lost my credit card, but ________ I was able to A withdrew B retreated C looted
cancel it before anyone used it. 10 The soldiers ________ the enemy leader and put him
A at least B in other words C I mean in prison.
14 OK, I’ll call Sergio. Oh, ________, do you think we A broke out B shelled C captured
should make a dinner reservation?
A talking about B all in all C by the way b Tick () A, B, or C to complete the sentences.
15 A Did you see the news on TV last night? Example: How often go you get ________ with your
B No. ________, I don’t even own a TV. friends from university?
A The fact B In fact C To fact A over B on C together 
16 I wasn’t invited to the party. ________, I wouldn’t
have gone. I’m too busy. 11 My dad has lost his job and he’s worried about how
A In case B In any case C That is to say he’s going to get ________.
17 As I was ________, if you go on holiday next month, A behind B by C through to
you’ll miss the meeting in Rome. 12 Everyone laughed, but I’m afraid I didn’t get_____.
A talking B telling C saying A the impression B a shock C the joke
18 As far as transport ________, you can rent a car at 13 I’m not getting ________ with this paperwork. It’s
the airport and drive to the meeting. too difficult to understand.
A is concerned B concerns C is the concern A anywhere B to know C behind
19 On ________, I could finish the project today. On the 14 That music is really getting ________. Could you
other, I could finish it tomorrow. turn it off, please?
A the one hand B another hand C one hand A real B on my nerves C the message
20 The weather’s going to be cold today. ________ 15 Juan and Ken got ________ to study for the test.
words, you should probably wear a jacket. A together B back C away with
A Another B In other C In any 16 When did you get ________ drawing? These pictures
are amazing.
VOCABULARY A over B around C into

a Tick () A, B, or C to complete the sentences c Tick () the correct word(s) A, B, or C.
about history and warfare. Example: to remove a leader or government
Example: The ________ shot from hidden positions and A declare B overthrow  C release
killed a lot of enemy soldiers. 17 to start suddenly
A shields B siege C snipers  A defeat B break out C blow up
18 to make somebody understand
1 After years of fighting, the two leaders signed a A get through to B get away with C get out of
peace ________. 19 to stop feeling unhappy about something
A surrender B treaty C defeat A get rid of B get along C get over
2 You use a ______ to shoot an arrow. 20 to return someone’s call
A bow B spear C missile A get out B get up C get back to
3 A ________ is a very large gun.
A coup B cannon C sword PRONUNCIATION
4 There was a _____ so that peace talks could be held.
A survivor B ceasefire C revolution a Which word has a different sound? Tick () A,
5 All of the ________ were evacuated from the war B, or C.
zone, but the soldiers had to stay and fight.
A forces B troops C civilians Example: A high  B compulsive C addiction
6 ________ are people who must leave their homes 1 A imagine B get C siege
because of a war. 2 A coup B loot C bow
A Refugees B Casualties C Allies 3 A dialogue B caught C gun
7 The rebels stopped fighting and ________. The civil 4 A capture B stick C challenging
war was over! 5 A through B arrow C overthrow
b Which is the correctly stressed syllable? Tick ()
A, B, or C.
Example: A de|vas|ta|ted B de|vas|ta|ted 
C de|vas|ta|ted
6 A o|ver|whelm|ing B o|ver|whelm|ing C
o|ver|whelm|ing
7 A ex|e|cu|tion B ex|e|cu|tion C ex|e|cu|tion
8 A heart|bro|ken B heart|bro|ken C heart|bro|ken
9 A com|man|der B com|man|der C com|man|der
10 A un|bear|ab|ly B un|bear|ab|ly
C un|bear|ab|ly