Fully developed laminar flow in a tube

The Rabinowitsch-Mooney Relation

The force attributable to the pressure drop over the length of the pipe to that arising
from the total shearing stress in the fluid at the wall
 P.r 2  2 .r.l rx --------------- 1
At r=R (at the wall of pipe)

 P.R 2  2 .R.l wx ----------------------2

R 
 wx
r  rx

For the Newtonian case

du x
 rx   
dr

By making momentum balance over the element

d
 r rx    P r
dr  l 
 P  r
 rx    ------------------------- 3
 l 2

At r=R (at the wall of pipe)

 P  R
 Rx   
 l 2

du x   P  r
 rx     
dr  l  2

r
  P   r 
   u x  uCL
ux
 
 2l   2  0
   P   r 
2
  uCL  u x       -------------------4
 2l   2 

  P  2
  uCL  u x    r
 4l 

At the wall of pipe assuming no slip

  P  2
uCL    R --------------------- 5
 4  .l 

From equation 4 and 5

 P.R 2    P.r 2 
   u x   
 

 4  .l  4l 

Where
 r2 
u x  uCL 1  2 
 R 
A similar techniques is applied for the non-Newtonian fluid described
by the power law equation
n
 du 
 rx   K  x 
 dr 

n
 du   P  r
 rx  k  x    
 dr   l  2

1
 du x    P  n
  r
 dr   2l.K 

1
1
  P  n
  du x   2l.K   r n

1
1 n
n   P  n
  r n
 uCL  u x
1  n  2l.K 

B C at r=R ux=0
 1
1 n
n   P  n
uCL    R n ----------------------- 6
1  n  2l.K 

From equation 6 it follows that

 n 1

  r  n 
u x  uCL 1  

R






------------------------ 7
 

Total flow rate

R
Q  2 .r.u
0
x .dr --------------------------- 8

R
2  nn1 2n  1 
Q   n1 .uCL r.R  r .dr
0  n 
R n

2  r 2 n1 n.r n 
3 n1

Q  n1 .uCL  .R 
n
2 3n  1 
R n
 0

2  R 3nn1 n.R
3 n 1
n

Q n 1
.uCL   
2 3n  1 
R n
 

Where
 R 3nn1 3 n 1

u 2 n. R   n  1 ----------
n
 3 n 1
  9
uCL 2 3n  1  3n  1
R n
 
 From equation 9 and 7

 n 1

ux 3n  1   r  n 
 1  
n 1  R  
u    
 

The general equation for flow in tube

The general functional relationship for the fluid : stress –shear rate
relation

du x
 f  rx  --------------------------- 1
dr
For a steady flow in a pipe
R
Q  2 .r.u
0
x .dr

R
 r2 r2 
Q  2 u x .   du x . 
 2 2 0


Q   u x .r 2   r 2 .du x  R

0
------------------------- 2

B C at r=R ux=0
R
Q    r 2 .du x ------------------------ 3
0

We know that

  P  r
 rx    ------------------------------ 4
 l 2

R2 2
r2   rx ----------------------------- 5
 2 wx

Or
 R
dr  d rx ---------------------------- 6
 wx

R
Q    r 2 . f  rx  dr
0

w
R 2 rx2
Q   . f  rx  dr
0
 wx
2

w
R 2 rx2 R
Q   . f  rx  d rx
0
 wx
2
 wx

w
R 3 rx2 R
Q   . f  rx  d rx -------------------- 7
0
 wx
3
 wx

A simple balance on a cylindrical element of radius r and length dL

 dP.r 2  2 .r.dL

At r=R (at the wall of pipe)

 dP.R 2  2 .R.dL w

P.R
   w ---------------------- 8
2.L

 2
Q D .u
4

4Q
u
 .D 2
w
D 3 rx2
Q   . f  rx  d rx
0
23 wx
3


 .D 3 w  rx2
. f  rx  d rx
8 0  wx
Q 3
 P. D
4L
8Q
 
2
rx . f  rx  d rx ----------------------- 9
 .D 3 0

D.P
Equation 9 may be rearranged and diff wrt 4L
to yield

 du 
f  w    
 dr w

 8Q 
d 3 
 du   8Q  D.P  D 
f  w      3 3 
 --------10
 dr w   .D  4 L  D.P 
d 
 4L 

A general relationship for the rate of shear at the wall equation 10 is more simply
written
 du   8V   1  3n' 
f  w         ---------------- 11
 dr  w  D   4 n' 

 D.P 
d ln 
n'   4L 
 8V 
d ln 
D 
 du   8V   1  3n'  4Q  1  3n' 
f  w          
 w  D   4n'  R
3
 dr  4n ' 

 du   8V   1  3n'  4Q  1  3n'  4Q  1 3
       3   3 
 
 dr w  D   4 n '  R  4 n '  R  4 n ' 4  Where n’ is the slope of the

 P.R Q
log-log plot of v/s
2L  .R 3