DRUG STUDY

GENERIC NAME: Pantoprazole

BRAND NAME: Pantoloc
GENERAL CATEGORY: Proton Pump Inhibitor
INDICATIONS: Duodenal and gastric ulcer, moderate and severe reflux esophagitis. Eradication of H. Pylori in
patient with peptic ulcers, pathological hyper secretory conditions.
MECHANISM OF ACTION: Inhibits both basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion by suppressing the final
step in acids production, through the inhabitation of the proton pump by binding to and inhibiting
hydrogen- potassium adenosine triphosphate, the enzyme system located at the secretory surface of the gastric
parietal cell.
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:
 Assess underlying condition before therapy and to monitor drug effectiveness.
 Assess GI symptoms: epigastric/abdominal pain, bleeding and anorexia.
 Monitor for possible drug induced adverse reaction.
 Adverse Reaction: Occasionally headache or diarrhea. Isolated cases of edema, blurred vision, fever,
dizziness, thrombophlebitis, depression or myalgia subsiding after termination of therapy.

GENERIC NAME: Tramadol

BRAND NAME: Ultram
GENERAL CATEGORY: Analgesic
INDICATIONS: Use to treat moderate to severe pain
MECHANISM OF ACTION: Binds to mu-opiod receptors. Inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine in
the CNS.
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:
 Assess type location and intensity of pain before and after administration.
 Assess BP, RR before and periodically during administration. Respiratory depression has not occurred
with recommended doses.
 Assess bowel function routinely. Prevention of constipation should be instituted with increased intake of
fluids and bulk and with laxatives to minimize constipating effects.
 Assess previous analgesic history. Tramadol is not recommended for patients dependent on opioids or
who have previously received opioids for more than 1 week may cause opioid withdrawal symptoms.
 Overdose may cause respiratory depression and seizures. Treatment should be symptomatic
and supportive. Maintain adequate respiratory exchange

GENERIC NAME: Memantine

BRAND NAME: Nmenda
GENERAL CATEGORY: Anti-alzheimers agent
INDICATIONS: Moderate to severe dementia/neurocognitive disorder associated with Alzheimer’s disease
MECHANISM OF ACTION: Binds to CNS N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor sites, preventing binding
of glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter.
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:
 Assess cognitive function (memory, attention, reasoning, language, ability to perform simple tasks)
periodically during therapy
 Caution patient and caregiver that memantine may cause dizziness.
 Advise patient and caregiver to notify health care professional of all Rx or OTC medications, vitamins, or
herbal products being taken and to consult with health care professional before taking other medications.
 Teach patient and caregivers that improvement in cognitive functioning may take months; degenerative
process is not reversed.

GENERIC NAME: Keltican

BRAND NAME: natrapharm
GENERAL CATEGORY: Vitamins, other combinations; Used as dietary supplements
INDICATIONS: for the dietary management of spinal syndromes, neuralgia and polyneuropathy.
MECHANISM OF ACTION: Drugs act by stimulating or inhibiting a receptor or an enzyme or a protein most
of the times. Medications are produced in such a way that the ingredients target the specific site and bring about
chemical changes in the body that can stop or reverse the chemical reaction which is causing the disease
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:
 Constipation, diarrhea, or upset stomach may occur. These effects are usually temporary and may
disappear as your body adjusts to this medication. If any of these effects persist or worsen, contact your
doctor or pharmacist promptly
 GENERIC NAME: Sulodexide
BRAND NAME: Vessel Due F
GENERAL CATEGORY: Anticoagulant, anti thrombotic & fibrinolytic
INDICATIONS: Vascular pathologies w/ thrombotic risk, transient ischemic attacks &cerebrovascular disease,
peripheral vascular insufficiency, diabetic retinopathy, MI, retinal vasal thrombosis.
MECHANISM OF ACTION: Inhibits coagulation by attacking several sites of the coagulation system. Its effect
is dependent on the presence of anti-thrombin III, an alpha 2-globulin whose activity is augmented by heparin.
The heparin anti-ithrombin
complex inactivates factors IXa, Xa, XIa and XIIa, and prevents thrombinformation. Furthermore, the complex
reverses the effect of already formed thrombin. In high concentrations, heparin also inhibits thrombocyte
aggregation.
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:
 Assess patients for signs of bleeding and hemorrhage (bleeding gums; nosebleed; unusual bruising; black,
tarry stools; hematuria; fall in hematocrit or blood pressure; guaiac- positive stools). Notify physician if
these occur.
 Monitor patient for hypersensitivity reactions (chills, fever, urticaria). Report signs to physician
 Subcutaneous: observe injection sites for hematomas, ecchymosis, or inflammation.
 Monitor platelet count every 2-3 days throughout therapy. May cause mildthrombocytopenia, which
appears on the 4th day and resolves despite continued heparin therapy

GENERIC NAME: Ketoanalogue

BRAND NAME: Ketosterile
GENERAL CATEGORY: Supplements
INDICATIONS: Prevention and therapy of damages due to faulty or deficient protein metabolism in chronic
renal insufficiency in connection with limited protein food of >40g/day for adults
MECHANISM OF ACTION: Ketosteril allows the intake of essential amino acids while minimizing the amino-
nitrogen intake. Following ingestion the keto-analogues are transaminated by taking nitrogen from non-essential
amino acids, thereby decreasing the formation of urea by re-using the amino group. The levels of accumulating
uremic toxins are decreased. Keto- and/or hydroxy-acids do not elicit hyper filtration of residual nephrons.
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:
 Evaluate for any contraindications
 Take drug as prescribed
 Warn the patient about possible side effects and how to recognize them
 Give with food if GI upset occurs
 Frequently assess for hypercalcemia

1. GENERIC NAME: Carvedilol

BRAND NAME: cardipress
GENERAL CATEGORY: Antihypertensive
INDICATIONS: hypertension, Treatment of mild to severe CHF of ischemic or cardiomyopathy
MECHANISM OF ACTION: It causes vasodilation by blocking the activity of α-blockers, mainly at alpha-
1receptors. It exerts antihypertensive effect partly by reducing total peripheral resistance and vasodilation. It is
used in patients with renal impairment , NIDDM or IDDM
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:
 Assess BP before and after giving the drug.
 Advise patient to take drugs with food.
 Do not stop taking drug unless instructed to do so by a healthcare provider.
 Side effects: Depression, dizziness, light-headedness (avoid driving or performing dangerous activities;
getting up and changing positions slowly may help ease dizziness).
 Report difficulty breathing, swelling of extremities, changes in color of stool or urine, very slow heartrate,
continued dizziness.
GENERIC NAME: N-Acetylcysteine
BRAND NAME: Flumucil
GENERAL CATEGORY: Mucolytic
INDICATIONS: Adjunct therapy for abnormal viscid or thickened mucous secretions in patients with
pneumonia, bronchitis, bronchiectasis, primary amyloidosis of the lung, tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, emphysema,
atelectasis, pulmonary complications of thoracic surgery, or CV surgery
MECHANISM OF ACTION: Mucolytic that reduces the viscosity of pulmonary secretions by splitting disulfide
linkages between muco protein molecular complexes. Also, restores liver stores of glutathione to treat
acetaminophen toxicity.
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:
 Observe 10 rights in drug administration
 Use plastic, glass, stainless steel, or another nonreactive metal when giving by nebulization. Hand-bulb
nebulizers aren’t recommended because output is too small and particle size too large.
 Drug is physically or chemically incompatible with tetracyclines, erythromycin lactobionate,
amphotericin B, and ampicillin sodium. If given by aerosol inhalation, nebulize these drugs separately.
Iodized oil, trypsin, and hydrogen peroxide are physically incompatible with acetylcysteine; don’t add to
nebulizer.
 Drug smells strongly of sulfur. Mixing oral form with juice or cola improves its taste.
 Drug delivered through nasogastric tube may be diluted with water.
 Monitor cough type and frequency.
 Be aware that facial erythema may occur within 30 to 60 minutes after the start of an I.V. infusion and
usually resolves without infusion interruption.


GENERIC NAME: Doxofylline

BRAND NAME: ansimar
GENERAL CATEGORY: Antiasthmatic & COPD Preparations
INDICATIONS: Bronchial asthma & pulmonary disease w/ spastic bronchial component.
MECHANISM OF ACTION: Adrenergic bronchodilators and phosphodiesterase inhibitors both work
by increasing intracellular level of cyclic-3’, 5’- adenosine monophosphate (cAMP); adrenergic by increasing
production and phosphodiesterase inhibitors by decreasing breakdown. Increased levels of cAMP produce
bronchodilation.Corticosteroids act by decreasing airway inflammation. Anticholinergics
(ipratropium) produce brondhodilation by decreasing intracellular levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate
(cGMP). Leukotriene receptor antagonists and mast cell stabilizers decrease the release of substances that can
contribute to bronchospasm.
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:
 Assess lung sounds, pulse and blood pressure before administration and during peak of medication. Not
amount, color, and character of sputum produced.
 Monitor pulmonary function tests before initiating therapy and periodically during therapy to determine
effectiveness of medication.
 Observe for paradoxical bronchospasm (wheezing). If conditions occur, withhold medication and notify
physician of other health care professional immediately