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Garden of Eden
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Help Traditionally, scholars favored deriving the name "Eden" from the Akkadian edinnu, derived from a
About Wikipedia Sumerian word edin meaning "plain" or "steppe". Eden is now believed[by whom?] to be more closely
Community portal related to an Aramaic root word meaning "fruitful, well-watered."[3] Another interpretation
Recent changes associates the name "Eden" with a Hebrew word for "pleasure"; thus the Douay-Rheims Bible in
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Genesis 2:8 has the wording "And the Lord God had planted a paradise of pleasure" (rather than "a
Tools garden in Eden"). The Hebrew term is translated "pleasure" in Sarah's secret saying in Genesis
What links here 18:12 .[7]
Related changes Much like records of the great flood, the creation story and the account of the confusion of
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languages, the story of Eden echoes the Mesopotamian myth of a king, as a primordial man, who
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is placed in a divine garden to guard the Tree of life.[8] The Hebrew Bible depicts Adam and Eve as
Permanent link
Page information walking around the Garden of Eden naked due to their innocence.[9] Eden and its rivers may
Wikidata item signify the real Jerusalem, the Temple of Solomon, or the Promised Land. It may also represent the
Cite this page divine garden on Zion, and the mountain of God, which was also Jerusalem. The imagery of the
Garden, with its serpent and cherubim, has been compared[by whom?] to the images of the
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Solomonic Temple with its copper serpent (the nehushtan) and guardian The Garden of Eden as
Create a book depicted in the first or left
cherubs.[10][need quotation to verify]
Download as PDF panel of Bosch's The
Printable version Garden of Earthly Delights
Contents triptych. The panel includes
In other projects 1 Biblical narratives many imagined and exotic
1.1 Genesis African animals. [1]
Wikimedia Commons
1.2 Ezekiel
Languages 2 Proposed locations
3 Parallel concepts
ا ﻟ ﻌ ﺮﺑ ﻴ ﺔ 4 Other views
Azərbaycanca 4.1 Jewish eschatology
ﺗ ﯚرﮐ ﺠﻪ 4.2 Islamic view
4.3 Latter-day Saints
Brezhoneg
5 Art
Català
6 See also
Čeština
Cymraeg 7 References
Dansk 8 Bibliography
Deutsch 9 External links
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español Biblical narratives [edit]
Esperanto
Euskara Genesis [edit]
ﻓﺎر ﺳ ﯽ
Main articles: Genesis creation narrative and Adam and Eve
Français
Galego The second part of the Genesis creation narrative, Genesis , opens with Adonai Elohim (the
LORD God, lit. YHWH Elohim, see Names of God in Judaism) creating the first man (Adam),
Հայերեն whom he placed in a garden that he planted "eastward in Eden".[11]
Hrvatski
And out of the ground made the Lord God to grow every tree that is pleasant to
Bahasa Indonesia
the sight, and good for food; the tree of life also in the midst of the garden, and Expulsion from Paradise,
Italiano painting by James Jacques Joseph
ע ב רי ת the tree of knowledge of good and evil.
Tissot
ქართული — Genesis 2:9
Latina
Latviešu The man was free to eat from any tree in the garden except thetree of the knowledge of
Lietuvių good and evil. Last of all, the God made a woman (Eve) from a rib of the man to be a
Magyar
companion for the man. In chapter three, the man and the woman were seduced by the
Македонски
serpent into eating the forbidden fruit, and they were expelled from the garden to prevent
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands them from eating of the tree of life, and thus living forever. Cherubim were placed east of
the garden, "and a flaming sword which turned every way, to keep him away from the tree
Norsk of life" (Genesis 3:24 ).
Norsk nynorsk
Genesis 2:10–14 lists four rivers in association with the garden of Eden: Pishon, Gihon, the
Occitan The Expulsion illustrated in the
Polski Tigris, and the Euphrates. It also refers to the land ofCush—translated/interpreted as English Caedmon manuscript, c.
Português Ethiopia, but thought by some to equate toCossaea, a Greek name for the land of the 1000 CE
Română Kassites.[12] These lands lie north of Elam, immediately to the east of ancient Babylon,
Русский which, unlike Ethiopia, does lie within the region being described.[13] In Antiquities of the
Simple English Jews, the first-century Jewish historian Josephus identifies the Pishon as what "the Greeks calledGanges" and the Geon
Slovenčina (Gehon) as the Nile.[14]
Slovenščina
ﮐ ﻮرد ی
Ezekiel [edit]
Српски / srpski
Suomi
Main article: Ezekiel's cherub in Eden
Svenska In Ezekiel 28:12–19 the prophet Ezekiel the "son of man" sets down God's word against the king of Tyre: the king was the
Tagalog "seal of perfection", adorned with precious stones from the day of his creation, placed by God in the garden of Eden on the
holy mountain as a guardian cherub. But the king sinned through wickedness and violence, and so he was driven out of the
garden and thrown to the earth, where now he is consumed by God's fire: "All the nations who knew you are appalled at you,
Türkçe
Українська you have come to a horrible end and will be no more." (v.19).
ﺋﯘﻳﻐﯘرﭼ/ Uyghurche According to Terje Stordalen, the Eden in Ezekiel appears to be located in Lebanon.[15] "[I]t appears that the Lebanon is an
Tiếng Việt
alternative placement in Phoenician myth (as in Ez 28,13, III.48) of the Garden of Eden",[16] and there are connections
Edit links between paradise, the garden of Eden and the forests of Lebanon (possibly used symbolically) within prophetic writings.[17]
Edward Lipinski and Peter Kyle McCarter have suggested that the Garden of the gods (Sumerian paradise), the oldest Sumerian
version of the Garden of Eden, relates to a mountain sanctuary in the Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon ranges.[18]
According to the Bible, the location of Eden is described in the Book of Genesis, chapter 2,
verses 10–14:
A river flowed from Eden to water the garden, and from there it divided to make Map showing the rivers in the
four streams. Middle East known in English as the
Tigris and Euphrates.
The first is named the Pishon, and this winds all through the land of Havilah
where there is gold. The gold of this country is pure; bdellium and cornelian
stone are found there. The second river is named the Gihon, and this winds all
through the land of Cush. The third river is named the Tigris, and this flows to
the east of Ashur. The fourth river is the Euphrates.
The city of Dilmun in the Sumerian mythological story of Enki and Ninhursag is a
paradisaical abode[32] of the immortals, where sickness and death were unknown.[33]
The garden of the Hesperides in Greek mythology was somewhat similar to the Christian
concept of the Garden of Eden, and by the 16th century a larger intellectual association Map by Pierre Mortier, 1700,
was made in the Cranach painting (see illustration at top). In this painting, only the based on theories of Pierre Daniel
action that takes place there identifies the setting as distinct from the Garden of the Huet, Bishop of Avranches. A
caption in French and Dutch reads:
Hesperides, with its golden fruit. Map of the location of the terrestrial
The Persian term "paradise" (Hebrew פרדס, pardes), meaning a royal garden or hunting- paradise, and of the country
park, gradually became a synonym for Eden after c. 500 BCE. The word " pardes" occurs inhabited by the patriarchs, laid out
for the good understanding of
three times in the Old Testament, but always in contexts other than a connection with
sacred history, by M. Pierre Daniel
Eden: in the Song of Solomon iv. 13: "Thy plants are an orchard (pardes) of Huet.
pomegranates, with pleasant fruits; camphire, with spikenard"; Ecclesiastes 2. 5: "I
made me gardens and orchards (pardes), and I planted trees in them of all kind of
fruits"; and in Nehemiah ii. 8: "And a letter unto Asaph the keeper of the king's orchard (pardes), that he may give me
timber to make beams for the gates of the palace which appertained to the house, and for the wall of the city." In these
examples pardes clearly means "orchard" or "park", but in the apocalyptic literature and in the Talmud "paradise" gains its
associations with the Garden of Eden and its heavenly prototype, and in the New Testament "paradise" becomes the realm
of the blessed (as opposed to the realm of the cursed) among those who have already died, with literary Hellenistic
influences.
In ancient Hindu mythology, Nandankanan is a garden of the deities where the virtuous souls of the dead can roam
freely.[citation needed]
In the Talmud and the Jewish Kabbalah,[34] the scholars agree that there are two types of spiritual places called "Garden in
Eden". The first is rather terrestrial, of abundant fertility and luxuriant vegetation, known as the "lower Gan Eden". The second
is envisioned as being celestial, the habitation of righteous, Jewish and non-Jewish, immortal souls, known as the "higher Gan
Eden". The Rabbanim differentiate between Gan and Eden. Adam is said to have dwelt only in theGan, whereas Eden is said
never to be witnessed by any mortal eye.[34]
According to Jewish eschatology,[35][36] the higher Gan Eden is called the "Garden of Righteousness". It has been created since
the beginning of the world, and will appear gloriously at the end of time. The righteous dwelling there will enjoy the sight of
the heavenly chayot carrying the throne of God. Each of the righteous will walk with God, who will lead them in a dance. Its
Jewish and non-Jewish inhabitants are "clothed with garments of light and eternal life, and eat of the tree of life" (Enoch 58,3)
near to God and His anointed ones.[36] This Jewish rabbinical concept of a higher Gan Eden is opposed by the Hebrew terms
gehinnom[37] and sheol, figurative names for the place of spiritual purification for the wicked dead in Judaism, a place
envisioned as being at the greatest possible distance from heaven.[38]
In modern Jewish eschatology it is believed that history will complete itself and the ultimate destination will be when all
mankind returns to the Garden of Eden.[39]
Events taking place in the Garden of Eden are spoken about prominently in theQuran and
the tafsir (interpretation). The term "Jannāt `Adni" ("Gardens of Eden" or "Gardens of
Perpetual Residence") is used in the Qur'an for the destination of the righteous. There are
several mentions of "the Garden" in the Qur'an (2:35, 7:19, 20:117), meaning the Garden
of Eden, but without the word "`Adn".[40] There are other places that talk about events
there, without mentioning the location. This includes surat Sad, which features 18 verses on
the subject (38:71–88), surat al-Baqarah, surat al-A'raf, and surat al-Hijr. The narrative
mainly surrounds the resulting expulsion of Iblis from the garden and his subsequent
tempting of Adam and Eve. After Iblis refuses to follow God's command to bow down to Spanish-Arabic world map from
Adam for being his greatest creation, Allah transforms him into Satan as a punishment. 1109 CE with Eden in east (at top)
Despite the Biblical account, the Quran mentions only one tree in Eden, the tree of
immortality, which Allah specifically claimed it was forbidden to Adam and Eve. Despite this, however, Satan, disguised as a
serpent, repeatedly told Adam to eat from the tree, and eventually both Adam and Eve did so, resulting in disobeying Allah.[41]
These stories are also featured in the Islamic hadith collections, including al-Tabari.[42]
Numerous early leaders of the Church, including Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball, and George Q. Cannon, taught that the
Garden of Eden itself was located in nearby Jackson County, Missouri,[46] but there are no surviving first-hand accounts of that
doctrine being taught by Joseph Smith himself. LDS doctrine is unclear as to the exact location of the Garden of Eden, but
tradition among Latter-Day Saints places it somewhere in the vicinity of Adam-ondi-Ahman, or in Jackson County.[47][48]
Art [edit]
The Garden of Eden motifs most frequently portrayed in illuminated manuscripts and paintings are the "Sleep of Adam"
("Creation of Eve"), the "Temptation of Eve" by the Serpent, the "Fall of Man" where Adam takes the fruit, and the "Expulsion".
The idyll of "Naming Day in Eden" was less often depicted. Much of Milton's Paradise Lost occurs in the Garden of Eden.
Michelangelo depicted a scene at the Garden of Eden in the Sistine Chapel ceiling. In the Divine Comedy, Dante places the
Garden at the top of Mt. Purgatory. For many medieval writers, the image of the Garden of Eden also creates a location for
human love and sexuality, often associated with the classic and medievaltrope of the locus amoenus.[49] One of oldest
depictions of Garden of Eden is made in Byzantine style in Ravenna, while the city was still under Byzantine control. A
preserved blue mosaic is part of the mausoleum of Galla Placidia. Circular motifs represent flowers of the garden of Eden.
The Garden of Eden by Lucas The Garden of Eden with the Fall 5th century "Garden of Eden"
Cranach der Ältere, a 16th- of Man by Jan Brueghel the Elder mosaic in mausoleum of Galla
century German depiction of Eden and Pieter Paul Rubens, depicting Placidia in Ravenna, Italy. UNESCO
both domestic and exotic wild World heritage site.
animals such as tigers, parrots
and ostriches co-existing in the
garden
Antelapsarianism
Christian naturism
Epic of Gilgamesh
Eridu
Fertile Crescent
Golden Age
Heaven in Judaism
Jannah
Nondualism
Persian gardens
Tamoanchan
The Summerland
References [edit]
1. ^ Gibson, Walter S. Hieronymus Bosch. New York:Hudson, 1973. p. 26. ISBN 0-500-20134-X
2. ^ Metzger, Bruce Manning; Coogan, Michael D (2004). The Oxford Guide To People And Places Of The Bible . Oxford University
Press. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-19-517610-0. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
3. ^ a b Cohen 2011, pp. 228–229
4. ^ http://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Genesis+13
5. ^ http://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Ezekiel+31
6. ^ Luttikhuizen 1999, p. 37
7. ^ H5731 Eden – The same as H5730 (masculine); Eden= "pleasure" ... the first habitat of man after the creation; site unknown
8. ^ Davidson 1973, p. 33.
9. ^ Donald Miller (2007) Miller 3-in-1: Blue Like Jazz, Through Painted Deserts, Searching for God, Thomas Nelson Inc, ISBN 978-
1418551179, p. PT207
10. ^ Stordalen 2000, p. 307–310 .
11. ^ Levenson 2004, p. 13 "The root of Eden denotes fertility. Where the wondrously fertile gard was thought to have been located (if
a realistic location was ever conceived) is unclear. The Tigris and Euphrates are the two great rivers of the Mesopotamia (now
found in modern Iraq). But the Piston is unidentified, and the only Gihon in the Bible is a spring in Jerusalem (1 Kings 1.33, 38)."
12. ^ "The Jewish Quarterly Review" . The Jewish Quarterly Review. University of Pennsylvania Press. 64-65: 132. 1973. ISSN 1553-
0604 . Retrieved 2014-02-19. "...as Cossaea, the country of the Kassites in Mesopotamia [...]"
13. ^ Speiser 1994, p. 38
14. ^ Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews. Book I, Chapter 1, Section 3.
15. ^ Stordalen 2000, p. 164
16. ^ Brown 2001, p. 138
17. ^ Swarup 2006, p. 185
18. ^ Smith 2009, p. 61
19. ^ Levenson 2004, p. 11 "How much history lies behind the story of Genesis? Because the action of the primeval story is not
represented as taking place on the plane of ordinary human history and has so many affinities with ancient mythology, it is very
far-fetched to speak of its narratives as historical at all."
20. ^ Schwartz, Howard; Loebel-Fried, Caren; Ginsburg, Elliot K. (2007). Tree of Souls: The Mythology of Judaism . Oxford University
Press. p. 704.
21. ^ George, Arthur; George, Elena (2014). The Mythology of Eden . Hamilton Books. p. 458.
22. ^ Delumeau, Jean; O'Connell, Matthew (2000). History of Paradise: The Garden of Eden in Myth and Tradition . University of
Illinois Press. p. 276.
23. ^ Graves, Robert; Patai, Raphael (1986). Hebrew Myths: The Book of Genesis . Random House. p. 315.
24. ^ Albright, W. F. (October 1922). "The Location of the Garden of Eden". The American Journal of Semitic Languages and
Literatures. The University of Chicago Press. 39 (1): 15–31. JSTOR 528684 . doi:10.1086/369964 .
25. ^ Wilensky-Lanford, Brook (2012). Paradise Lust: Searching for the Garden of Eden . Grove Press.
26. ^ Hamblin, Dora Jane (May 1987). "Has the Garden of Eden been located at last? (Dead Link)" (PDF). Smithsonian . 18 (2).
Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 January 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
27. ^ Zevit, Ziony. What Really Happened in the Garden of Eden? 2013. Yale University Press, p. 111.
28. ^ Day, John. Yahweh and the Gods and Goddesses of Canaan. 2002. Sheffield Academic Press, p. 30.
29. ^ Duncan, Joseph E. Milton's Earthly Paradise: A Historical Study of Eden. 1972. University Of Minnesota Press, pp. 96, 212.
30. ^ Scafi, Alessandro. Return to the Sources: Paradise in Armenia, in: Mapping Paradise: A History of Heaven on Earth. 2006.
London-Chicago: British Library-University of Chicago Press, pp. 317-322
31. ^ Cline, Eric H. (2007). From Eden to Exile: Unraveling Mysteries of the Bible . National Geographic. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-4262-
0084-7.
32. ^ Mathews 1996, pp. 96.
33. ^ Cohen 2011, pp. 229.
34. ^ a b Gan Eden – JewishEncyclopedia; 02-22-2010.
35. ^ Olam Ha-Ba – The Afterlife - JewFAQ.org; 02-22-2010.
36. ^ a b Eshatology – JewishEncyclopedia; 02-22-2010.
37. ^ "Gehinnom is the Hebrew name; Gehenna is Yiddish." Gehinnom – Judaism 101 websourced 02-10-2010.
38. ^ "Gan Eden and Gehinnom" . Jewfaq.org. Retrieved 2011-06-30.
39. ^ "End of Days" . End of Days. Aish. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
40. ^ See list of occurrences .
41. ^ Leaman, Oliver The Quran, an encyclopedia, p. 11, 2006
42. ^ Wheeler, Brannon Mecca and Eden: ritual, relics, and territory in Islam p. 16, 2006
43. ^ "Doctrine and Covenants 107:53" .
44. ^ "Doctrine and Covenants 116:1" .
45. ^ "Daniel 7:13-14,22" .
46. ^ "Joseph Smith/Garden of Eden in Missouri" , FairMormon Answers
47. ^ Bruce A. Van Orden, "I Have a Question: What do we know about the location of the Garden of Eden?" , Ensign, January 1994,
pp. 54–55.
pp. 54–55.
48. ^ http://www.mormonnewsroom.org/article/mormonism-101#C18 "Mormonism 101: FAQ"
49. ^ Curtius 1953, p. 200, n.31
Bibliography [edit]
Brown, John Pairman (2001). Israel and Hellas, Volume 3 . Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110168822.
Cohen, Chaim (2011). "Eden". In Berlin, Adele; Grossman, Maxine. The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion . Oxford
University Press. ISBN 9780199730049.
Curtius, Ernst Robert (1953). European Literature and the Latin Middle Ages . Princeton UP. ISBN 978-0-691-01899-7.
Translated by Willard R. Trask.
Davidson, Robert (1973). Genesis 1-11 (commentary by Davidson, R. 1987 [Reprint] ed.). Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge
University Press. ISBN 9780521097604.
Levenson, Jon D. (2004). "Genesis: introduction and annotations". In Berlin, Adele; Brettler, Marc Zvi.The Jewish study
Bible . Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195297515.
Mathews, Kenneth A. (1996). Genesis. Nashville, Tenn.: Broadman & Holman Publishers.ISBN 9780805401011.
Smith, Mark S. (2009). "Introduction". In Pitard, Wayne T.The Ugaritic Baal Cycle, volume II . BRILL. ISBN 9004153489.
Speiser, E.A. (1994). "The Rivers of Paradise". In Tsumura, D.T.; Hess, R.S.I Studied Inscriptions from Before the Flood .
Eisenbrauns. ISBN 9780931464881.
Stordalen, Terje (2000). Echoes of Eden . Peeters. ISBN 9789042908543.
Swarup, Paul (2006). The self-understanding of the Dead Sea Scrolls Community . Continuum.
Willcocks, Sir William, Hormuzd Rassam. Mesopotamian Trade. Noah's Flood: The Garden of Eden, in: The Geographical
Journal 35 , No. 4 (April 1910). DOI: 10.2307/1777041 [dead link]
Smithsonian article on the geography of the Tigris-Euphrates region Wikimedia Commons has
Many translations of II Kings 19:12 media related to Garden
of Eden.
"Eden". The American Cyclopædia. 1879.
Look up Garden of Eden
in Wiktionary, the free
dictionary.
V· T · E Afterlife locations
Judaism 7 Heavens and 7 Earths · Throne of God · Garden of Eden · Olam Haba · Sheol
Finnic Tuonela
Millennialism · Utopianism · Great unity · Golden Age · Arcadia · Avalon · The Guf · Well of Souls · Existential planes · Underworld ·
List of mythological places
Mama's Affair (1921) · Good Morning, Eve! (1934) · The Broken Jug (1937) ·
The Original Sin (1948) · The Private Lives of Adam and Eve (1960) ·
El pecado de Adán y Eva (1969) · La Biblia en pasta (1984) · The Annunciation (1984)
Film
· Adipapam (1988) · Adam (1992) · Man's Best Friend (1998) · Babs (2000) ·
The Last Eve (2005) · Year One (2009) · The Tragedy of Man (2011) · Adam and Dog
(2011) · Tropico (2013)
Le Jeu d'Adam (12th century) · The Broken Jug (1808) · The Tragedy of Man (1861) ·
Plays
The Creation of the World and Other Business (1972)
The Apple Tree (1966) · Dude (1972) · Up from Paradise (1973) · Children of Eden
Musicals
(1991)
The Creation (1798) (structure) · La mort d'Adam (1809) · Ève (1875) · Genesis Suite
Compositions
(1945) · Lilith (2001)
Apocalypse of Adam · Book of Moses · Book of Abraham · Books of Adam ·
Book of the Penitence of Adam · Cave of Treasures · "El y Ella" · Genesis A and
Genesis B · Harrowing of Hell · Life of Adam and Eve · Testament of Adam ·
Literature Testimony of Truth (3rd century) · Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan (6th century) ·
"Old Saxon Genesis" (9th century) · "Adam lay ybounden" (15th century) ·
Paradise Lost (1667) · Le Dernier Homme (1805) · Extracts from Adam's Diary (1904)
· Eve's Diary (1905) · The Book of Genesis (2009)
Bernward Doors (1015) · Tapestry of Creation (11th century) ·
Expulsion from the Garden of Eden (1425) · Vienna Diptych (15th century) ·
The Last Judgment (1482) · The Garden of Earthly Delights (1504) · Adam and Eve
(1507) · Paradise and Hell (1510) · The Creation of Adam (1512) ·
The Haywain Triptych (1516) · Eve, the Serpent and Death (1510s or 1520s) ·
Art
Adam and Eve (1528) · The Fall of Man (1550) · Maps of Ancient Israel ·
The Garden of Eden with the Fall of Man (1617) · The Fall of Man (1628) ·
The Four Seasons (1660s) · The Koren Picture-Bible (1692–1696) · The First Mourning
(1888) · Eve (1931) · Adam and Eve (1932) · The Serpent Chooses Adam and Eve
(1958) · Adam and Eve (1992)
"Dese Bones G'wine Rise Again" · "Adam-ondi-Ahman" (1835) · "Forbidden Fruit"
Songs (1915) · "The Garden of Eden" (1956) · "Let's Give Adam and Eve Another Chance "
(1970) · "Man Gave Names to All the Animals " (1979)
Story within a story Doraemon: Nobita's Diary of the Creation of the World · Island of Love · The Visitors
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