1-1 NOUN + IS + NOUN: SINGULAR

NOUN + IS + NOUN "Smgular" means "one, not two or more." . ;$ 4%

(a) Canada a counhy. In (a): Canada = a singular noun
is
is = a singular verb
I ,,<
. - -
,.~ .

countly = a singular noun

(b) Mexico is a counny. A frequently comes in front of singular nouns.

In (b): a comes in front of the singular noun carntly. A is called "an
article."

(c) A cat is an animal. A and an have the same meaning. They are both articles.
A is used in front of words that begin with consonants: b, c, d, f; g, h,
j, k, etc. Examples: a bed, a cat, a dog, afriend, a girl
An is used in front of words that begin with a, e, i, and o.*
Examples: an animal, an ear, an island, an o f i e

*An is also sometimes used in h n t of words that begm with u. See Chaa 4-7.
The letters a, e, i, o, and u are called 'vowe18."
All of the other letters in the alphabet are called "consonants."

W EXERCISE 2: Complete the sentences. Use an ARTICLE, a or an.

1. A horse is Qn animal.

2. English is language.

3. Chicago is ' '- 'city.

4. Korea is country.

5. Europe is continent.

6. dictionary is book.

7. hotel is building.

8. bear is animal.

9. bee is insect.

10. ant is insect.

2 . CHAPTER 1
EXERCISE 3: Complete the sentences. Use an ARTICLE (aor an) and the words in the list.

animal continent insect

city country language

1. Arabic is alang~~ge 9. A bee is

2. Rome is a citv . 10. South America is

3. A cat is an animal . 11. A dog is

4. Asia is 12. China is

5. Tokyo is . 13. Russian is

6. Spanish is . 14. A cow is

7. Mexico is . 15.Aflyis

8. London is A , .*

EXERCISE 4-ORAL: Complete the sentences with your own words. T h i i of more than
one possible completion.

1. . . . is a language. 3. . . . is a city.
+ English is a language.
-* Spanish is a language. 4. . . . is a continent.
-* Arabic is a language.
+ Etc.
5. . . .is an animal.
is a country. 6. . . .is an insect.

USING B E A N D HAVE W 3
 1-2 NOUN + ARE + NOUN: PLURAL

1.- + ARE -. ..-LR*I "Plural" means "two, three, or more."

( a ) Caw a animals. Cats = a plural noun
are = a plural verb
animals = a plural noun

(b) SINGULAR:
a cat, an animal. Plural nouns end in -8.
PLURAL: u14animab A and an are used only with singular nouns.
'! t n r r
( C ) SINGULAR:
a city, a country. Some singular nouns that end in -y have a special
plural form: They omit the -y and add -ies.*

NOUN and NOUN + ARE + NOUN Two nouns connected by and are followed by aro.
(d) Canada and. China are countrks. In (d): Canada is a singular noun. China is a
singular noun. They are connected by and.
( e ) Dops and cats are animals. Together they are plural, i.e., "more than one."
-
*See Chan 2-6 for more informationabout sddinr 18 to words that end in -y.

EXERCISE 5: Change the singular sentences to plural sentences.

SINGULAR

1. An ant is an insect. Ants are insects.

2. A computer is a machine.

3. A dictionary is a book.

4. A chicken is a bird.
5. A rose is a flower.

, . :;j; 6. A carrot is a vegetable.

7. A rabbit is an animal.

4 CHAPTER 1
EXERCISE 6: Complete the sentences with is or are and one of the nouns in the list. Use the
correct singular form of the noun (using a or an) or the correct plural form.

animal country laWage

city insect machine
continent

1. dog ix an m a 1
2. DOES are animals
3. Spanish

7. Thailand and Viet Nam

8. Thailand
,<,

9. Butterflies , ,

t. 'A .'
10. A butterfly ,
11. An automobile
12. Automobiles
13. London
,
I!

. . I .',I,

,.,. . . 14. London and Baghdad f:, ..

, ,

EXERCISE 7-ORAL: Complete the sentences with your own words.

Example: . . . a country.
Response: (Brazil is) a country. , ,.,, , , . ! .'. .''..", .
, ' '
..)%.l.Z &
"
' "
' ...

1. . . .a country. 6. . . . cities. 1 1. . . . countries in Asia.

2. . . .countries. 7. . . . animals. 12. . . . a city in Europe.
3. ...languages. 8. . . . an insect. 13. . . . a plant.
4. . . . a language. 9. . . . a peninsula. 14. . . . a vegetable.
*
I. ...a city. .
10. . . streets in this city. 15. . . . a season.

USING BEAND HAVE H 5