Assignment:

1. Define special education and explain the meaning of individually planned, systematically
implemented and carefully evaluated instruction for children with special needs.
Special education is a broad term used to by the law to describe specially designed instruction
that meets the unique needs of a child who has a disability. Special education is in place to
provide additional services, support, programs, specialized placements or environments to
ensure that all students' educational needs are provided for.

Individually planned, Students with special needs have long individualized education programs
(IEP) to guide them from kindergarten through Grade 12 education, ensuring that they are
receiving the instruction and resources they need to be successful.
systematically implemented, a system designed to help students with special needs which uses
individually planned and systematically monitored teaching procedures.
carefully evaluated instruction, use ongoing assessments to determine their students’ ability
levels in various academic areas and to guide their instruction. In the realm of special education,
the assessment process is absolutely essential to identify student’s strenths, weaknesses and
progress
2 Enumerate and define the categories of children with special needs.
1. Autism- a developmental disability significantly affecting verbal and nonverbal
communication and social interaction, generally evident before age three, that adversely
affects a child’s educational performance.
2. Deaf-Blindness- means concomitant [simultaneous] hearing and visual impairments, the
combination of which causes such severe communication and other developmental and
educational needs that they cannot be accommodated in special education programs solely
for children with deafness or children with blindness.
3. Deafness- means a hearing impairment so severe that a child is impaired in processing
linguistic information through hearing, with or without amplification, that adversely affects
a child’s educational performance.
4. Emotional Disturbance - means a condition exhibiting one or more of the following
characteristics over a long period of time and to a marked degree that adversely affects a child’s
educational performance:
(a) An inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health factors.

5. Hearing Impairment- means an impairment in hearing, whether permanent or

fluctuating, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance but is not included
under the definition of “deafness.”
6. Intellectual Disability- means significantly sub average general intellectual functioning,
existing concurrently [at the same time] with deficits in adaptive behavior and
manifested during the developmental period, that adversely affects a child’s educational
performance.
 7. Multiple Disabilities- means concomitant [simultaneous] impairments (such as
intellectual disability-blindness, intellectual disability-orthopedic impairment, etc.), the
combination of which causes such severe educational needs that they cannot be
accommodated in a special education program solely for one of the impairments.
8. Orthopedic Impairment- means a severe orthopedic impairment that adversely affects
a child’s educational performance. The term includes impairments caused by a
congenital anomaly, impairments caused by disease (e.g., poliomyelitis, bone
tuberculosis), and impairments from other causes (e.g.,cerebral palsy, amputations, and
fractures or burns that cause contractures).
9. Other Health Impaired- means having limited strength, vitality, or alertness, including a
heightened alertness to environmental stimuli, that results in limited alertness with
respect to the educational environment.
10. Specific Learning Disability- means a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological
processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, that may
manifest itself in the imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or to do
mathematical calculations.
11. Speech or Language Impairment- means a communication disorder such as stuttering,
impaired articulation, a language impairment, or a voice impairment that adversely
affects a child’s educational performance.
12. Traumatic Brain Injury- means an acquired injury to the brain caused by an external
physical force, resulting in total or partial functional disability or psychosocial
impairment, or both, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.
13. Visual Impairment- means an impairment in vision that, even with correction, adversely
affects a child’s educational performance. The term includes both partial sight and
blindness.
2. Distinguish the basic terms in special education from each other.
- Impairment- any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical
structure or function.
- Disability- Emphasize the individual not the disability. Rather than using terms such as disabled
person, handicapped people, a crippled person, use terms such as people/persons with
disabilities, a person with a disability, or a person with a visual impairment.
- Handicap- is viewed as a disadvantage resulting from a disability that limits or prevents
fulfillment, refers to a disadvantage in filling a role in life relative to a peer group.
- At risk- The term at-risk is often used to describe students or groups of students who are
considered to have a higher probability of failing academically or dropping out of school.
3. Summarize 2 stories of successful persons with disabilities and write the moral lessons of the
story.

John Nash
Another example of a celebrity with a disability who broke the mould is John Nash, an American
mathematician whose life, marked by acute paranoid schizophrenia, is known to us thanks to the
film "A Beautiful Mind" Aware of his illness, Nash fought against it and developed a successful
academic career that earned him the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1994.

Moral lesson: The difference between possible and impossible lies in a man’s determination.

Nick Vujicic

Nick Vujicic is another world-famous celebrity with a disability, and founder of Life Without Limbs - an
organisation for people with physical disabilities. Vujicic was born in 1982 with no limbs. He claims that
as a child he suffered ridicule and discrimination, and tried to commit suicide but, with time, he learned
to see his own potential. He is currently giving motivational talks around the world, has written several
books and is a regular on talk shows and TV programs. He became very famous when starring in the
touching short film "The Butterfly Circus"

Moral lesson: Know someone for their abilities not their disabilities. Stop thinking in terms of
limitations and start thinking in terms of possibilities.

4. What is the status of special education program in the Philippines? How does the
Department of Education sustain its special education programs in the country

- The growth of special education in the Philippines has been given a relatively good support all
these years both by the government, non-government organizations and stakeholders in
response to the needs and challenges of the times. The level of awareness of both the
government and the private sector in providing equal opportunities to children with special
needs have considerably increased. The Department of Education sustain its special education
programs in the country by providing a holistic approach in catering to the needs of learners
with various exceptionalities. This program ensures that learners with exceptionalities will have
access to quality education by giving them their individual and unique learning needs.

5. List the significant events that have shaped the history of special education in the list century:
- In the early 1900s until 1949
- 1950 to 1975
- 1976 to 2000
- 2000 to present
6. Enumerate the legal bases of Special Education
7. Define the following terms
- Prevalence
- Identifiable Prevalence
- True Prevalence
- Incidence
8. Describe the different Special Education programs and services offered by the Philippine public
and private schools or institutions and cite examples for each.