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a d va n c e

b u i l d i n g

c o n s t r u c t i o n
a d va n c e m e n t
i n
c o n c r e t e

J A Y A N T H A D I Y A
A R 1 0 1 4
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
VADODARA DESIGN ACADEMY
INTRODUCTION Foam concrete is a type of lightweight concrete that is manufactured from

F O A M E D C O N C R E T E
cement, sand or fly ash, water, and the foam.
Material science in the guises of hi-tech techniques, smart substances , intelligent
interfaces and sensory surfaces are radically redefining the language of archi- Foam concrete is in the form of foamed grout or foamed mortar.Foam
tecture. concrete can be defined as a cement-based material that consists of a
minimum 20% of foam, that is mechanically entrained into the plastic mor-
The modern materials available today are able to anticipate and respond to tar. The compressive strength of foam concrete determined at 28 days.
changes in environment.

Dynamic and inter-active in nature, these materials have the power to change
how the human body experiences and how the urban environment is built.
New advanced materials offer opportunities to change the way we construct
and retrofit buildings.

THEY GIVE ADDED VALUE IN TERMS OF:


Performance
Functionality
Durability
Energy efficiency PROPERTIES
Easy installation 1. High Workability
Rapid construction 2. Strong Plasticizing effect
Climate responsive 3. Thixotropic Nature

APPLICATION
ADVANCEMENT IN CONCRETE Basements, storage tanks, tunnels and subways
etc.
Foamed Concrete texture
CONCRETE CANVAS ADVANTAGES
TRANSLUCENT CONCRETE

BIO CONCRETE
HYDROPHOBIC CONCRETE

SYNDECRETE
FOAMED CONCRETE

BENDABLE CONCRETE

FLY-ASH CONCRETE

SENSITILE
1. The foam concrete mix does not settle. Hence it
does not need any compaction.

2. The dead weight is reduced as it is light weight


concrete.
3. Foamed Concrete Does not impose significant
lateral loads.
Foamed Concrete blocks

DISADVANTAGES
1. Presence of water in the mixed material make the foam concrete very sensi-
tive.
2. Difficulty in finishing.
3. Time of mixing longer.
BANDABLECONCRETE Engineered Cement Composite (ECC), also called bendable concrete, is an APPLICATIONS
easily moulded mortar-based composite reinforced with specially selected Fly ash can be used as prime material in blocks,
short random fibres, usually polymer fibres. paving or bricks; however, one the most import-
ant applications is PCC pavement.
ECC acts more like a ductile metal than a brittle glass, leading to a wide
variety of applications. It is flexible in nature. PCC pavements use a large amount of concrete
and substituting fly ash provides significant eco-
PROPERTIES nomic benefits.
1. High tensile property Petronas tower
2. Ease of processing Fly ash has also been used for paving roads and
3. Tight crack width as embankment and mine fills.
4. Anisotropically weak planes
5. Corrosion resistance  PETRONAS TOWER
6. Self-healing Pantheon Fly ash has been used in construction of world’s
tallest building “ petronas towers of kualalam-
TYPES APPLICATIONS pur. The concrete used in the building was of two
1. Light weight ECC 1. Dams grades 80 mpa & 60 mpa. The fly ash content
2. Spray-able ECC 2. High-rise buildings was about 37.5% of total cementitious content in
3. Self-healing ECC 3. Bridges mix. Built in1998. Sutardja Dai Hall
4. Extrude-able ECC 4. Retainnig wall

Mitaka Dam, Hiroshima


TYPE

HYDROPHOBICCONCRETE
Hydrophobic concrete is concrete that repels water. It meets the stan-
TYPE dards outlined in the definition of waterproof concrete.
FL Y -AS HCO NCRET E

Fly ash is generally stored at coal power plants or placed in landfills. About
43% is recycled, often used as a pozzolan to produce hydraulic cement or PROPERTIES
hydraulic plaster and a replacement or partial replacement for Portland ce- Reduces the polarity of the molecules.
ment in concrete production. The property to repel water gives hydro-
phobic concrete the ability to avoid con-
PROPERTIES tamination by particles dissolved in water
Fly ash is a replacement for portland cement in drops.
concrete and using it improves strength, segre-
gation and ease of pumping concrete. An overlooked property of hydrophobic Water on Hydrophobic
concrete is its ability to repel humidity in Concrete surface
Fly ash particles provide a greater workability the air as well.
of the concrete and lowering of water require-
ment for the same concrete consistency. SPECIFICATION
Hydrophobic concrete is produced in a
SPECIFICATION variety of ways that fall under two catego-
Fly ash is used as a supplementary cementi- ries; coatings or admixtures. Both allow the
tious material in the production of portland ce- crystal structures to form in the presence of
ment concrete. water. Jubilee Church
Cementitious products comprise the glue that
holds concrete together. fly-ash concrete block
APPLICATION TYPE

B I O - C O N C R E T E
Hydrophobic concrete can be used in the same applications as regular con- Self-healing bio-concrete uses limestone-producing bacteria crystals to fill
crete, most often where regular concrete is dangerous to repair or the cost of up the cracks appearing on the surfaces. 
structural damage would be highly detrimental.
SPECIFICATION
Tunnel work is a major application of hydrophobic concrete as underground The materials used in bio-concrete are cement, coarse aggregate, fine
repairs are difficult and costly. aggregate, water, bacteria.

Underwater use of hydrophobic concrete is a major application in marine facil- Bacteria used :
ities. 1. Pseudofirmus
2. Cohnii
3. Filla
Translucent concrete is a concrete based building material with light-trans- 4. Pasteurii
TRANSLUCENTCONCRETE

missive properties due to embedded light optical elements — usually opti-


cal fibers. Light is conducted through the stone from one end to the other
Therefore, the fibers have to go through the whole object.

Translucent concrete is used in fine architecture as a façade material and


for cladding of interior walls. Light-transmitting concrete has also been ap- The cracks are formed on the sur- The water is deliberately forced into
plied to various design products face of concrete due to many rea- the crack and the precursor is acti-
sons like shrinkage, inadequate wa- vated.
TYPE ter for hydration, etc.
Translucent concrete is a concrete based building material with light trans-
missive properties due to embedded light optical elements. Application of the Agents is done in 2 ways :
It is usually made of Optical fiber.
Direct Application : The bacteria and the chemical precursor (calcium lac-
According to the concretes manufacturers, the optical fibers make up
tate) are added directly while making the concrete.
only 4% of the mixture.

The light transmitting property makes them appear fresh, open and spa- Encapsulation LWA :
cious. The part of the coarse aggregate is replaced by Light Weight Aggregate, which
is impregnated with twice the calcium lactate solution and the spores of bacte-
ria.
PROPERTIES After impregnation the clay particles with 6% healing agents and the concrete
1. High density concrete. is made.
2. Versatile building material.
3. Fibers can work up-to almost 20m running length APPLICATION
without loss of light. Tunnel lining, structural basement walls, hay way
4. Colors remain the same on the other end of the bridges, concrete floors and marine structures.
block.
Example : Italian Pavilion Concrete is one of the main materials used in the
APPLICATION Shanghai Expo Translucent construction industry, from the foundation of build-
Building facades, cladding concrete used in external ing to the structure of bridges and underground
facade for light transpar- parking lots.
ency.
S Y N D E C R E T E TYPE TYPE

S E N S I T I L E
Syndecrete is an eco- friendly concrete alter- It is a type of tile which is made up of con-
native made from a wild array of recycled crete.
materials that includes metal shavings, plas-
tic regrinds, recycled glass chips and scrap SPECIFICATION
wood chips are some of the postindustrial The concrete of the tiles is embedded with
and postconsumer recycled materials . Different colours acrylic fiber optic channels that transfer light
available in Syndecrete from one point to another. As shadows move
It is a precast concrete material as an alter- across Terrazzo’s surface, the light channel
native to limited or nonrenewable natural flicker with a randomized, twinkling effect.
materials such as wood and stone.
An advanced cement- based composite
APPLICATION
These tiles are available for use as flooring,
material using natural minerals and recycled
in bathrooms and even ceiling, so you can
APPLICATION have twinkling lights follow you all over the
house.
Interior and exterior facades
Syndecrete counter tops
ADVANTAGES
TYPE

LIGHT-WEIGHTCONCRETE
Compared with conventional concrete, it has less than half the weight
with twice the compressive strength. Concrete which uses lightweight aggregates.
Use of recycled and environment-friendly.
SPECIFICATION
Achieved by replacing the conventional mineral aggregates by cellular
TYPE porous aggregates
C O N C R E T E C A N V A S

Concrete Canvas (CC) is a flexible, concrete By incorporating the air or gas bubbles in concrete
impregnated fabric that hardens when hy- By omitting the sand from the concrete
drated to form a thin, durable, water proof
and fire resistant concrete layer. Cellular aggregates such as:
It allows concrete construction without the Clinker, Foamed slag, Expanded clay, Expanded slate, Sintered pulverized
need for plant or mixing equipment. Simply fuel ash, Exfoliated vermiculate, Expanded perlite.
position the Canvas and just add water.
The material can be hydrated either by spray- APPLICATION Light-weight concrete
ing or by being fully immersed in water. Platform gutters, balconies, floors, wall, steps. blocks
Structure lightweight concrete provided
APPLICATION more efficient strength to weight ration in
Used in a variety of civil infrastructure appli- structural elements.
cations, such as ditch lining, slope protection
and capping secondary containment bunds. The Pantheon,
demonstrates the
ADVANTAGES structural perfor-
mance of light-
Rapid Install weight concrete to
Easy to Use be superior to many
Low Project Cost contemporary build-
Eco Friendly ing materials.

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