Lateral Resistance of Wooden

Shear Walls

Ali Awaludin, Ph.D

Dpt. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

 Page 2

Some facts about timber constructions

• IImprove th
the overallll environmental
i t l performance
f bby reducing
d i
energy use and minimizing pollution.
• Wood
W d isi extremely
t l versatile
til material
t i l with
ith a wide
id range off
physical and mechanical properties among many species.
• Wood is also a renewable resource with exceptional strength-
strength
to-weight ratios.
Material Carbon released (kg/m3) Carbon stored (kg/m3)
Sawn timber 15 250
Concrete 120 0
Steel 5320 0
Aluminum 22000 0
(Source: FWPRDC, 1997)
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Some facts about timber constructions

• Wood-
Wood-structure assemblies have a higher strength-
strength-to-
to-weight
ratio over those built with steel and concrete.
• They are light in weight and produce a low inertial force
f during
seismic events.
Wood properties over concrete and steel (Smith et al. 2008)
Tensile strength Compressive strength Stiffness Density
Plain concrete - 50% 20-33% 20%
Structural steel 10-20% 5-10% 5-10% 6%

Example: compressive strength-to-weight ratio

Concrete = 30 MPa / 24 KN/m3 = 1.25
Wood (Cocos nucifera) = 28 MPa / 7.9 KN/m3 = 3.54
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Timber constructions with structural panels

Key success factors:

1. The panels together with the vertical members
(studs) allow the natural flexible timber
structures to deform and to absorb earthquake
energy.
2. Lateral or racking resistance of the panels
depend primarily upon the load-slip
characteristics of the nail that fasten the
sheathing to frame.
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Cyclic test of wooden panel

15

10

oad (ｋN）
5

Lateral lo
0
H1+H2 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10
Rotation =
Height -5
Or
V1+V2 -10
Width Rotation (rad）

15

10

Lateral loadd (ｋＮ）

5

0
-0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10
-5

-10
Rotation (rad)
@Honma chiemi
 Page 6

Cyclic test of wooden panel

15

10

Lateral load (kN）

5

H1+H2 0
Rotation = -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10
Height -5
Or
V1+V2 -10
Width Rotation （rad）

15

10

Lateral load (kN）

5

0
-0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

-5

-10
Rotation (rad）
@Honma chiemi
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M h i l model
Mechanical d l off structurall panell
R
R d
n

y

H x

R
B

Energy equilibrium concept gives:

δ
d d
d
d∆n d∆n 0
 Page 8

Si l
Single-screwed
d joint
j i response ((p-))
1) Power function, p=AB

Where:
A and B are the coefficients of the power function;
n and m are number of screw spacing in horizontal and vertical sides, respectively;
 is explained in the previous slide.
slide
 Page 9

Single-screwed joint response (p-)

2) Logarithmic function, p=A ln(1+B)

For sscrewss in bottom or topp ssides;

s;

For screws in left or right sides).

3) Asymptotic function, p=A/(B+)

 Page 10

T off single-nailed
Test i l il d jjoint
i

LVL Paraserianthes
P i th ffalcataria
l t i
 Page 11

T off single-screwed
Test i l d joint
j i

LVL Paraserianthes falcataria

 Page 12

Predicted force-deformation of panel

Power Curve Racking Response vs Racking Deformation
10000

9000
R n=8 R

8000

7000 2m
Gaya lateral, R (N )

6000
m = 16
5000

4000
1m
3000

2000 Load‐slip
Load slip of single
of single‐screwed
screwed joint:
joint:
1000

0
 p = 4800,39 … (N)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Deformasi lateral, (mm)
 Page 13

Predicted force-deformation of panel

Variation of screw spacing (n and m)

Power Curve Racking Response vs Racking Deformation Power Curve Racking Response vs Racking Deformation
10000 10000

9000 R 9000 R
8000 8000

7000 7000
Gaya lateral, R (N )

Gaya lateral, R (N )
6000 6000

5000
n=16; m=8 5000
n=8; m=16
4000 4000

3000 3000

2000 2000

1000
 1000

0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Deformasi lateral,
lateral (mm) Deformasi lateral,
lateral (mm)
 Page 14

Final remarks
• Structural panels contribute to the lateral-resistance of
wooden
d constructions.
t ti
• Force-deformation curves of a structural wooden panel
can be predicted based on load-slip relationship of
single nailed sheathing-to-frame joint and energy
equilibrium concept.
• Experimental program is required to validate the
predicted force-deformation curves.
Thank you for listening