Mysore’s resistance to the company

Up to 1782 british faced a powerful combination of marathas,mysore and Hyderabad.This was a dark
hour for them.

Abroad they were waging a losing war in theor colonies in americawhere the people had rebelled in
1776.

They also had to counter the determined design of the French.

Repeated incursions of marathas and nizam s troops into the terriotories of mysore resulted in
heavy financial demands of the aggressors from mysore.

At this point hyder ali became the de facto ruler in 1761.He realized that exceedingly mobile
marathas could be contained only by a swift cavalry,the canons of the French trained nizami army
could be silenced by an effective cavalry and superior arms of the west could only be matched by
arms brought from the same source.

Hyder ali established an arms factory at dindigal with the help of French.

With his superior military skill he captured dod,ballapur,sera,bednur and hoskote in 1761-63 and
brought to submission the troublesome poligars..

1st anglo mysore war(1767-69)

After their easy success in Bengal,the English were confident of their military strength.They
concluded a treaty with nizam in 1766 persuading him to give them the northern circars in lieu of
which they said they would protect nizam from hyder ali.

Marathas,nizam and English formed a triple alliance and attacked mysore.

Hyder ali broke the alliance through diplomacy and made peace with the nizam and marathas and
attacked madras with swift cavalry and compelled the madras govt to sign the treaty of madras in
1769 which included-

1)maintenance of status quo

2)formation of a defensive alliance

On one side there were hyder ali and asaf jah 2,other side consisted of joseph smith,john
wood,colonel brooks,madhavrao 1 and Muhammad ali khan walajah,nawab of carnatic.

2nd anglo mysore war(1780-84)

At the time mysore was a key frech ally in india and the conflict bw britain agains the French and
dutchin american revolutionary war sparked anglo mysore rivalry in india.Started when English
occupied port of mahe which was within territories of mysore and marathas breached the treaty of
madras when in 1771 they attacked mysore.

Initially the situation was in favour of mysore but with the defeat at porto novo in nov 1781 and
death of hyder ali in dec 1782 and arrival of sir eyre coote the scenario changed.
On one side there were mysore,France and dutch(admiral suffreen and marquis de bussy-castelnau)
republic and on the other side there were east india company,great Britain,electorate of hanover(sir
eyre coote,hector munro,sir Edward hughes)

War was continued by tipu sultan and peace was restored by treaty of magalore on 11th mar 1784.

Acc to this treaty-

1)status quo was maintained

2)exchange or transfer of prisoners of war

3rd anglo mysore war(1790-92)

Arousal of dispute between Travancore and mysore.Travancore had purchased jalkottal and
cannanore from the dutch in cochin state.As cochin was feudatory of tipu,he considered the act of
travancoe as a violation of his sovereign rights.In apr 1790 tipu declared war against Travancore for
the restoration of his rights.

In this war Travancore was supported by brits,marathas and nizam.

Cornwallis captured mangalore in mar 1791 and advanced to srirangapatnam,where he compelled

tipu to sign treaty of srirangapatnamon 23 feb 1792.

Acc to this treaty half of mysorean territory was taken over by victors,and tipu’s sons were taken as
hostages by british.

On one side there were mysore and France,and on other side there were east india company,great
Britain,Maratha empire,Hyderabad and Travancore(willliam madows,Charles earl Cornwallis,sir
Richard Strachan,parashuram bhau and haripant from marathas,tejwantfrom hyderabd,dharma raja
from Travancore)

4th anglo mysore war(1799)

In 1798 lord Richard Wellesley succeded sir john shore as the new governor general.he was
concerned about tipu’s growing friendship with frech and asked him to sign treaty of subsidiary
alliance with him,which tipu refused.

Moreover napoleon’s landing in Egypt in 1798 was intended to further capture british territories in
india and the kingdom of mysore was a key to next step.

Wellesley accused tipu that he was plotting against the English with nizam and marathas and that
he had sent emissaries toarabia,Afghanistan,isle of France(Mauritius) and Versailles with
treasonable intent.

On the side of mysore there were nawab of Carnatic umdat ul umra,Mughal empire and on the
other side there were east india company(general George harris,Arthur and Richard
Wellesley),british army(major gen David baird and james stuart),and Hyderabad(nizam ali khan)

Tipu was defeated and killed while his sons surrendered.

The company annexed kanara,Coimbatore and srirangapatnam and the rule of wodeyar dynasty was
restored and mysore state entered into a subsidiary alliance.

In 1831 william Bentick took control of mysore on condition of misgovernance.

In 1881 lord ripon restored kingdom to its ruler.