Figure 9.4-13 Conical shell with isolated opening.

Combined reinforcement from shell and

nozzle

The calculation pressure: P 2,5 [Mpa]

The test pressure: Ptest 3,8 [Mpa]
The minimum yield strength or 0,2% proof strength at
calculation temperature: Rp0,2T 355 [Mpa]

The minimum tensile strength at 20°C: Rm/20 450 [Mpa]

The minimum yield strength or 0,2% proof strength at
calculation temperature nozzle or branch: Rp0,2Tb 250 [Mpa]
The minimum tensile strength at 20°C nozzle or
branch: Rm/20b 450 [Mpa]
Joint coefficient: z 0,7 []

External diameter of a nozzle fitted in a shell: deb 432 [mm]

The semi angle of come at apex: α 30 [°]
Cylindrical or spherical shell, the cylindrical part of a
torispherical dished end, or a conical shell at the
centre of an opening; for elliptical ends De is two times
the external radius of the spherical part of the
equivalent torispherical end: De 2060 [mm]

Analysis thickness of shell wall or mean analysis

thickness within the length l's and excluding the
thickness of the reinforcing pad if fitted: ea,s 30 [mm]

Assumed shell thickness of shell wall for checking of

reinforcement of an opening. The thickness may be
assumed by designer between the minimum required
shell thickness e and the shell analysis thickness ea,s.
This assumed thickness shall then be used consistently
in all requirements: ec,s 35 [mm]
Length of shell, from the edge of an opening or from
the external diameter of a nozzle, to a shell
discontinuity: ls 1500 [mm]
Analysis thickness of nozzle: ea,b 16 [mm]
Effective thickness of nozzle for reinforcement
calculation: eb 16 [mm]

Length of nozzle extending outside the shell: lb 100 [mm]

Cross-sectional area of fillet weld between nozzle (or
plate) and shell: Afw 3,20E+01 [mm2]
Nominal design stress of shell material for normal
operating cases:
𝑅 , 𝑅 /
𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ;
1,5 2,4
𝑅 , 𝑅 /
𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∗ 0,9; ∗ 0,9 : 𝑧 ≤ 0,7
1,5 2,4
fs 168,8 [Mpa]

Nominal design stress of shell material for test cases:

𝑅 ,
𝑓 =
1,05
fstest 338,1 [Mpa]
Nominal design stress of nozzle or branch material for
normal operating cases:
𝑅 , 𝑅 /
𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ;
1,5 2,4
𝑅 , 𝑅 /
𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∗ 0,9; ∗ 0,9 : 𝑧 ≤ 0,7
1,5 2,4
fb 150,0 [Mpa]
Nominal design stress of nozzle or branch material for
test cases:
𝑅 ,
𝑓 =
1,05
fbtest 238,1 [Mpa]

Minimal nominal design stress of nozzle or branch

material for normal operating cases:
𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑓 ; 𝑓
fob 150,0 [Mpa]
Minimal nominal design stress of nozzle or branch
material for test cases:
𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑓 ;𝑓
fobtest 238,1 [Mpa]

Distance taken along the mid-thickness of the shell

between the centre of an opening and the external
edge of a nozzle or a ring; or, if no nozzle or ring is
present, a is the distance between the centre of the
hole and its bore:
𝑑
𝑎=
2
a 216 [mm]
Inside radius of curvature of the shell at the opening
centre:
𝐷
𝑟 = −𝑒 ,
2 cos 𝛼
ris 1159,3 [mm]
Maximum length of shell contributing to opening
reinforcement, taken on the mean surface of the shell
wall:
𝐷
𝑙 = − 2𝑒 , +𝑒 , ∗𝑒 ,
cos ∝

lso 287,0 [mm]

Effective length of shell for opening reinforcement:
𝑙 ´ = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑙 ; 𝑙
l´s 287,0 [mm]
Pressure loaded area the shell:
𝐴𝑝 = 0,5 ∗ 𝑙 ´ + 𝑎 ∗ 2𝑟 + 𝑙 ´ + 𝑎 tan ∝ + 𝑎 𝑒 , +𝑒 ,
Aps 6,66E+05 [mm2]

Stress loaded cross-sectional area effective as

reinforcement the shell:
𝐴𝑓 = 𝑙 ´ ∗ 𝑒 ,
Afs 1,00E+04 [mm2]
Maximum length of nozzle outside the shell for
reinforcement:
𝑙 = 𝑑 −𝑒 ∗𝑒
lbo 81,6 [mm]
Effective length of nozzle outside the shell for
reinforcement:
𝑙 ´ = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑙 ; 𝑙
l´b 81,6 [mm]

Stress loaded cross-sectional area nozzle or branch

effective as reinforcement:
𝐴 = 𝑒 ∗ 𝑙´
Afb 1,31E+03 [mm2]
Pressure loaded area the reinforcing plate:
𝐴 = 0,5 𝑑 −2∗𝑒 , ∗ 𝑙´ + 𝑒 ,
Apb 2,23E+04 [mm2]
𝐴𝑓 + 𝐴𝑓 𝑓 − 0,5𝑃 + 𝐴𝑓 𝑓 − 0,5𝑃
≥1
𝑃 ∗ 𝐴𝑝 + 𝐴𝑝
1,1 yes
𝐴𝑓 + 𝐴𝑓 𝑓 − 0,5𝑃 + 𝐴𝑓 𝑓 − 0,5𝑃
≥1
𝑃 ∗ 𝐴𝑝 + 𝐴𝑝
1,4 yes