ENGL 308-1-3 SP19 Vogel

Unit 2: Working With Your Sources

Disclaimer: Keep in mind that your research and interview report was ​preliminary​. Your sources may (and should) change based on
the interviewees’ responses and your preliminary analysis of the sources you located.

1. First Things First

Do we trust this journal: ​https://www.asrn.org/journal-nursing.html?issue=current​?

- No. Even though this source looks like it comes from a credible organization (the american society of registered nurses), the
group does not seem to go through the process of peer review for their publications and their articles appear very subjective.

2. Understanding Sources in Depth

a) Pre-reading:
● Skimming
● Scanning
● Annotation (highlights, underlining)
● Questions
● Predictions
● First impression

b) Close reading
● Section summaries
● Observations-inferences chart
● Questions in the margins (wh-questions)
● Annotation (highlights, underlining)
● Coding, e.g., ? = want to follow up, ! = interesting

c) Directed reading
● Review the information from a) and b) to describe the content, purpose, argument, approach/method, and usefulness
of the source in more depth (when completing #3 below, put this in a comment box at the end of the PDF).
ENGL 308-1-3 SP19 Vogel

3. Analyzing and Systematizing Your Findings

a) Save all sources as PDF.

b) For all sources, apply the reading framework above. Submit your annotated PDFs with this worksheet to D2L.
c) You should already have determined the source’s reliability and usefulness in the initial research report. Now analyze the
sources’ usefulness in more depth by listing them in the appropriate rows in two tables below. Be sure to analyze each source
in more depth (in addition to what you’ve already found out through the reading framework) by adding the respective
information to the two columns on the right-hand side.

As you complete #3: Keep in mind that each chapter should have a concise introduction of the topic and target audience:

● Explain who you’re addressing, what their situation and possible struggles are, and why they will likely benefit from the
resources you’ve compiled
● Provide an overview of the topic, why it is worth addressing, and how it intersects (negatively) with students’ academic work
and careers. You may want to define terms or delineate the topic’s scope, provide a historical overview, address recent
developments and trends, or expected changes.

a) Scholarly sources ​that provide a broad ​overview​ of the topic and audience: ​Tommy

Type of source Cite your source Scope, purpose, and
method/approach (common
Duplicate rows below as instruments: experiments,
necessary surveys/ questionnaires
observations, interviews)
Your evaluation:
● Does the source
establish a sound
background of the
research or argument (lit
review)?
● If it is a research article,
is the method sound and
clear?
● Are the findings/
argument presented
clearly?
ENGL 308-1-3 SP19
Quantitative research with a
sufficiently large sample size
Qualitative research in one
or similar contexts
Review articles (of published
research or literature)
Other
b) Scholarly or popular sources ​that can support your argument by highlighting ​specific cases​:
Type of source
Dusselier, L., Dunn, B.,
Wang, Y., Shelley iI, M. C., &
Whalen, D. F. (2005).
Personal, health, academic,
and environmental predictors
of stress for residence hall
students. ​Journal of
American college health​,
54(​ 1), 15-24.
Cite your source
Duplicate rows below as
necessary
The researcher set out to
analyze factors of stress in
students living in residence
halls using a 76 item
qualitative survey which he
then developed into
quantitative data set. This
resulted in a major set of risk
factors for students as a
whole and at-risk groups for
stress.
Scope, purpose, and
method/approach (common
instruments: observations,
interviews)
Vogel
● Will you be able to report
on the study/article in
clear and understandable
terms?
● Rhetorical appeals (see
below)
The paper establishes a
clear understanding and
explanation of stress.
The method is sound and
clear. It explains it as a 76
question qualitative survey.
They then assign binary 1’s
and 0’s to create a scale for
quantitative testing.
The findings are presented in
a table with clearly labeled
values and headers.
Your evaluation:
● Does the source
establish a sound
background of the
research or argument (lit
review)?
ENGL 308-1-3 SP19 Vogel

● If it is a research article,
is the method sound and
clear?
● Are the findings/
argument presented
clearly?
● Will you be able to report
on the study/article in
clear and understandable
terms?
● Rhetorical appeals (see
below, esp. for non-peer
reviewed inquiries)

Qualitative case study

● Popular source ● Counseling ● This is a wikipedia ● This source provides

Psychology. (2019,
February 19)
Retrieved from
https://en.wikipedia.or
g/wiki/Counseling_ps
ycholog​y
article, the author’s
purpose is to give a
general information
about counseling
psychology, the
article focuses on
almost everything
regarding the topic
from its history to
counseling
relationship and
research methods.
a background on
counseling
psychology. The
method is sound and
clear and is divided
into sections based
on the topic. The
findings are
presented clearly with
general information
and not in deep. The
article is very useful
and will help us
report
understandable
terms.
ENGL 308-1-3 SP19
● Popular source ● Sessums, C.D.
(2018, June 11). How
to Retain
Non-Traditional
First-Generation
College Students.
Retrieved from
https://www.d2l.com/
blog/student-success
-supporting-non-tradit
ional-first-generation-
college-students/
● Scholarly source Hunt, J., M.D.,M.S., &
Eisenberg, D., Ph.D. (2010,
January). Mental Health
Problems and Help-Seeking
Behavior Among College
Students. Retrieved March
12, 2019, from
https://www.jahonline.org/art
icle/S1054-139X(09)00340-1
/fulltext
● Scholarly source Tello, A. M., & Lonn, M. R.
(2017, October 1). The Role
of High School and College
Vogel
● The author of this ● This source provides
article main idea is to general information
give people a general about Non-traditional
idea of what and who students that gives a
the non-traditional very good
first-generation background about the
students are. It topic. This source is a
focuses on why this one page short
topic matters. source but provides
the argument clearly
and will help us
understand and
report the case
clearly. Visual
illustration is provided
to make sense of the
topic and help us get
a clear and simple
image of the topic.
Discusses the state The source provides general
of mental health for information about mental
college students. The health problems that college
depression rate for students are having. The
college students has information presented is
increased due to clear and makes sense to
stress or work what our topic is about. I
overload. This shows would say it would apply to
us what college ethos and pathos because
students are going the work has credibility and
through everyday. provide clarity to the
argument.
Describes the role of The source provides general
counsellors and information about
helping first counsellors and one of their
ENGL 308-1-3 SP19 Vogel

Counselors in Supporting the generation students. roles is to help first

Psychosocial and Emotional
Needs of Latinx
First-Generation College
Students. Retrieved March
12, 2019, from
http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.ez
proxy3.library.arizona.edu/eh
ost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid
=19&sid=20e723e8-0901-4a
25-91
Non-peer reviewed inquiries
(editor-reviewed, blogs, etc)
Students that are not generation students get use
use to college should to the college life and how it
reach out to any of all works. Even though it
the colleges may be broad, it was difficult
resources to get help. to find scholarly articles or
journals that relate to the
topic without paying for a
subscription. I would
consider it ethos and pathos
just like the last source
because it highlights some of
the information we need but
not all of it.

Refer to CH6 in TC for acceptable research procedures

Keep in mind that the sources should be rhetorically sound:
o Ethos: Does the source establish credibility (credentials, expertise, objectivity, examples/details, clarity,
comprehensive)
o Pathos: Does the source appeal successfully to the audience’s emotions (relatability, compassion)?
o Logos: Does the source appeal to logic (structure, presentation, clarity, sound argument and approach, convincing,
comprehensive)?

stance, positionality
4. Citing Your Sources (summary, quotation, paraphrase)​ ​Chris

a) The way you present sources says something about how you align yourself with the original source/author(s). What are the
differences between these types of citations:
● I agree with Miller (2000) regarding…
i. Phrasing the citation this way displays your opinion of someone else’s work. This separates the author from
yourself and is a good way of appearing objective about the source.
ENGL 308-1-3 SP19 Vogel

● Miller (2000) argues…

i. This is used in many news articles. The reason is because it presents the citation as if telling a story. This
makes it seem like the citation is simply being presented, without the expectation that an opinion will be
provided.
● Miller (2000) writes…
i. Similar to the previous phrasing, but this version focuses more on what was written rather than the specific
argument.
● Only a few teachers use a genre-based approach in their writing classes because “[g]enre is not widely understood by
instructors” (Miller, 2000, p. 5).
i. This is the method used in essays because it fits the citation into the writing in a seamless way that is used to
support the writer’s argument.

b) What reporting verbs or phrases do you use when you…

simply report facts or what someone else has said Miller (2000) says, Miller (2000) reports

carefully weigh different arguments Miller (2000) argues, Miller (2000) suggests

make claims based on experience or data Miller (2000) shows, Miller (2000) proves

make claims that you believe are true but cannot fully Miller (2000) thinks, Miller (2000) supports the idea that,
support Miller (2000) claims

question another author or source Miller (2000) questions, Miller (2000) proposes

disagree with another author or source Miller (2000) rejects, Miller (2000) challenges the idea that

agree with another author or source Miller (2000) agrees that, Miller (2000) supports the idea that

c) Revisit Pullan, 2009 and Dusselier, 2005. What is the authors’ stance, respectively?

- Pullan (2009) believes that technology has increased the capacity to teach students, but support is still needed. Additionally,
they note the vast difference between modern college students versus college students from past generations. These include:
ENGL 308-1-3 SP19 Vogel

doing instead of knowing, multitasking and staying connected. Finally, they suggest institutional change to meet the needs of
the learners and further research is needed to identify these needs.
- summary, page 248
- Dusselier (2005) thinks that women and US citizens experienced greater stress than men and international students. Other
noted predictors of stress were conflicts with roommates or faculty members. Finally, alcohol use was a positive predictor of
stress, while drug use was a negative predictor.
- abstract, first page, comments, limitations

d) What stance will you project when synthesizing the sources in the beginning of the chapter?

- When synthesizing sources in the beginning of the chapter, we plan on being as neutral as possible. We will present
information as objective opinions and avoid appearing subjective. We will use reporting verbs that weigh different arguments
and make claims that we believe are true but cannot prove.

e) Given the task you have to complete for the guide chapters (introduce topic and audience, then present resources), what
form(s) of source integration will you likely use for the different components and why?
● Introduction of audience and topic: for the introduction, we want to give an overview of the topic and present sources
in a way that gives an argument. The reason is because we will not provide our reasons for why the sources are
important, so we will use reporting verbs that present information without seeming to take a stance.
● Presentation of resources: When we get into the presentation of the sources, we will have more space to present our
reasons for using the sources and we can use reporting verbs that are less neutral to emphasize our points.