HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Welcome to the module in Participate in workplace communication.

This module contains training materials and activities for you to complete.
The unit of competency “Participate in workplace communication”
contains knowledge, skills and attitudes required for “Receiving and
Responding Workplace Communication”.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to
complete each learning outcome of the module. In each learning outcome
there are Information Sheets, Resource Sheets and Reference Materials for
further reading to help you better understand the required activities. Follow
these activities on your own and answer the self-check at the end of each
learning outcome. Get the answer key from your instructor and check your
work honestly.
If you have questions, please don’t hesitate to ask your facilitator for
assistance. Your facilitator will always be a available to assist you during the
training.
The goal of this course is the development of practice skills. To gain
these skills, you must learn basic concepts and terminology. For the most
part, you’ll get this information from the Information Sheets and TESDA
Website, www.tesda.gov.ph.
This module was prepared to help you achieve the required
competency “Receive and Respond to Workplace Communication”.
This will be the source of information for you to acquire knowledge and
skills in this particular competency independently and at your own pace,
with minimum supervision or help from your instructor.
Remember to:
Work through all the information and complete the activities in each
section.
Read information sheets and complete the self-check. Suggested
references are included to supplement the materials provided in this module.
Most probably your trainer will also be your supervisor or manager.
He / she is there to support you and show you the correct way to do things.
You will be given plenty of opportunity to ask questions and practice
on the job. Make sure you practice your new skills during regular work
shifts. This way you will improve both your speed and memory and also
your confidence.

Use the Self-checks, Operation Sheets or Job Sheets at the end of each
section to test your own progress.

When you feel confident that you have had sufficient practice, ask
your Trainer to evaluate you. The results of your assessment will be
recorded in your Progress chart and Accomplishment Chart.
You need to complete this module before you can perform the next
module Provide Room Service.
 SUMMARY OF COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS

List of Basic Competencies

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

Participate in Participating in 500311105
1. workplace workplace
communication communication
Work in a team Working in a team 500311106
2.
environment environment
Practice career Practicing career 500311107
3.
professionalism professionalism
Practice occupational Practicing occupational 500311108
4. health and safety health and safety
procedures procedures
UNIT OF
Participate in Workplace Communications
COMPETENCY
MODULE TITLE Participating in Workplace Communications
INTRODUCTION:
This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes
required to receive, respond and act on verbal and written
communication
NOMINAL DURATION: 4 HOURS

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

1. Obtain and convey workplace information.

2. Speak English at a basic operational level.
3. Complete relevant work related documents.
4. Participate in workplace meeting and discussion

Assessment Criteria:

1. Specific relevant information is accessed from appropriate sources.

2. Effective questioning, active listening and speaking skills are used
to gather and convey information.
3. Appropriate medium is used to transfer information and ideas.
4. Appropriate non-verbal communication is used.
5. Appropriate lines of communication with superiors and colleagues
are identified and followed.
6. Defined work procedures for the location and storage of
information are used.
7. Personnel interaction is carried out clearly and concisely.

ASSESSMENT METHODS:

1. Written test 3. Oral questioning

2. Performance test 4. Direct observation
Learning Outcome OBTAIN AND CONVEY WORKPLACE
1 INFORMATION

CONTENTS:

1. The Foundation of Communication 4. Job Getting Communication

2. Language of Communication and other forms of
Correspondence
3. Modes of Communication

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

1. Specific relevant information is accessed from appropriate

sources.
2. Effective questioning, active listening and speaking skills are used
to gather and convey information.
3. Appropriate medium is used to transfer information and ideas.
4. Appropriate non-verbal communication is used.
5. Appropriate lines of communication with superiors and colleagues
are identified and followed.
6. Defined workplace procedures for the location and storage of
information are used.
7. Personal interaction is carried out clearly and concisely.

CONDITION:

Trainees must be provided with the following:

1. References (books) 3. Telephone

2. Fax machine 4. Internet

ASSESSMENT METHOD:

1. Written Test 4. Direct Observation

2. Performance Test
3. Oral Questioning
 Learning Experiences

Learning Outcome 1: Obtain and Convey Workplace Information

Learning Activities
1. Read Information Sheet 1.1-1
on “The Foundation of
Communication”
2. Answer Self-Check 1.1-1
on “The Foundation
Communication”
3. Read Information Sheet 1.1-2
on “ Language of Communication” the information sheet don’t hesitate to
4. Answer Self-Check 1.1-2
on “Language of Communication”
Special Instructions
If you have some problem on the content of
the information sheet don’t hesitate to
approach your facilitator.
If you feel that you are knowledgeable on the
content of the information sheet, you can
now answer self check provided in the
module.
Compare your answers to the answer keys on
of 1.1-1 “ The Foundation of Communication”
You are required to get all answers correct. If
not, read the information sheets again to
answer all the questions correctly.
If you have some problem on the content of
approach your facilitator.
If you feel that you are knowledgeable on the
content of the information sheet, you can
now answer self check provided in the
module.
Compare your answers to the answer keys on
1.1-2 “Language of Communication. ” You are
required to get all answers correct. If not,
read the information sheets again to answer
all the questions correctly.

5.Read Information Sheet 1.1-3 on If you have some problem on the content of
“ Modes of Communication”
6. Answer Self-Check 1.1-3
on “Modes of Communication”
the information sheet don’t hesitate to
approach your facilitator.
If you feel that you are knowledgeable on the
content of the information sheet, you can
now answer self check provided in the
module
Compare your answers to the answer keys on
1.1-3 “Modes of Communication. ” You are
required to get all answers correct. If not,
read the information sheets again to answer
all the questions correctly.
7. Read Information Sheet 1.1-4
on “ Components of Effective
Communication”
If you have some problem on the content of
the information sheet don’t hesitate to
approach your facilitator.
Compare your answers to the answer keys on
1.1-4 “Components of Effective
Communication. ” You are required to get all
answers correct. If not, read the information
sheets again to answer all the questions
correctly.

Learning Outcome 1 – Obtain and Convey Workplace Communication

Information Sheet 1: The Foundation of Communications

I. Learning Outcomes

You are expected to:

1. define the term “communication

2. identify the principles of communication

3. write an article from a given topic

4. develop appreciation, and confidence

Key Concepts: Communications

 From the box below, give your reasons why face to face communication
is important aside from the birth of information and technology?

Importance of Communication

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Presentation

According to Chavez et. Al (2012, p. 1) “Communication of today

demands that both sender and receiver of the message take an active part in
the process. It is a two-way process. The older the earth has grown, the
more complex it has become for people to communicate”.

Communication involves sending and receiving messages through

different channels. No matter if one speaks intimately to a friend or
addresses a huge crowd in a conference, in formal business meetings, or
writing an academic report we all direct our messages to an audience. It is
the responsibility of the sender to deliver his message effectively.

Lesson

Communication is an active process between the sender and receiver.

It is an interaction of channels involved to produce a sound. There are
principles to consider in the process of communication (Chavez et. Al, pp. 2-
4)

For students to be equipped with proper knowledge, values and skills,

a field of experience and social interaction is necessary. In the many models
of communication, the Interactive Model is also a representation of this
purpose. It presents that communication is not only a two way process but
it has a “field of experience” which includes our cultural background,
ethnicity, geographic location, extend of travel and -general personal
experiences (http://iact.com/?q=models).
Principles of Communication Activity:

1. Know your audience

- You know who you are talking or addressing your speech.

2. Know your purpose

- It important to know your purpose of discussion

3. Know your topic

- A speaker addressing a conference should be prepared as far as the
topic assigned is concerned.

4. Anticipate objections
- You cannot expect everybody to easily agree with you on certain
matters. It is a normal thing to notice some people who would go
against you with what you are saying.

5. Present a rounded picture

- Explain every detail of information with all the possible sources.

6. Achieve credibility with your audience.

- How it is achieved? A credible speaker sticks to the truth no matter
what. He cites figures and facts from respected authorities too.

7. Follow through on what you say.

- Be consistent with what you have started. If you are on the positive
side of the issue, move along on the same plane. Avoid presenting
the opposite which only confuses the audience.

8. Communicate a little at a time.

- Present your ideas logically. Release the key point one after the
other. It will allow listeners to digest well what you have discussed.

9. Present information in several ways

- Develop the art of expressing information differently. Helpful
devices maybe in the form of anecdote, a poem, a short story, a
comparison and many others.
10. Develop a practical and useful way to get feedback.
- Immediate feedback is required.
Communication Techniques:

1. The Good Old Boy is referred to the experienced speaker who the
audience is familiar with. He may deliver good information but at times he
may poorly delivered it.

2. The Entertainer is the speaker who uses anecdotes or hilarious stories in

delivering messages.

3. The Academic is the speaker who keeps an eye on the precision of the
presentation. He uses an organized outline and delivers the message as
planned.

4. The Reader is the one who reads his script word for word. The speaker is
prepared of the message but at times, it can be technical, boring and difficult
to understand.

5. The Snail is the one who drags his speech in a seemingly endless
manner. He tends to discuss each item thoroughly. He can be too detailed
of the message but he would not notice the time consumed for each
discussion anymore.

6. The Gadgeteer is the person who uses every gimmick and technique in
the presentation. Too much visual aid, the speaker may lose sight of the
message.

V. Activity

Group yourselves by three, pick one type of communication technique

and write down its advantage and disadvantage.

Advantages Disadvantages

1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

4. 4.
Generalization:

Communication is an interaction between two people . It is a process of

interacting your ideas, expression and thoughts to one another or two a
group of people.

VI. Evaluation

I. Identification: Write your answers on the space provided before the

number.

________________1. It is an act between the sender and the receiver of the

message.

________________2. It presents that communication is not only a two way

process but it has a “field of experience” which includes our cultural
background, ethnicity, geographic location, extend of travel and -general
personal experiences.

_______________3.The speaker who uses every gimmick and technique in the

presentation.

________________4. The speaker who drags his speech in a seemingly endless

manner.

________________5. The speaker who keeps an eye on the precision of his

presentation.

V. TASK

Write a simple speech about your thoughts as a TESDA Trainee of Passi

Trade School.
 Information Sheet 2: The Functions of Communication

Learning Outcomes

You are expected to:

1. describe the functions of communication

2. differentiate the major functions of communion, aesthetic,
utilitarian,and therapeutic
3. create a diagram of the communication process using concepts
4. work as a team

Key Concepts: Communication

Lesson

Cayanan and Chan (as cited in Chavez, et. al, 2012, pp. 37-38) that
there are major functions of communication such as utilitarian, aesthetic,
and therapeutic.

a. Utilitarian. Human beings use oral communication to fulfill one’s

desires, needs and goals in life. We communicate to express our thoughts,
and feelings to others.

b. Aesthetic. Art is beauty. Aesthetic communication is manifested

through television, radio, stage presentations and the like.

c. Therapeutic. Communication is important because it maintains

good health.

According to Singh , words are used in communication to express

opinion and ideas. Even animals like cats and dogs have their system of
communication. Singh also stressed these three fundamental aspects of
spoken communication namely: stress, intonation and rhythm (as cited in
Chavez, et. al, 2012, p. 8)

Adopt/Adapt

Adopt (verb)
 legally raise another’s child: to raise a child of other biological parents
as if it were your own, in accordance with formal legal procedures
 to take the child of other person or parents as one’s own child.
Adapt (verb)
 change to meet requirements: to change something to suit different
conditions or a different purpose
 transitive and intransitive verb adjust to something: to become, or
different conditions

Cease/Seize

Cease (verb)
 stop something: to put an end or stop to something

Seize (verb)
 take hold of; appropriate; take control of ; arrest
 to take advantage of
Childish/ Childlike

Childish (adjective)
 somewhat like child: characteristic of or suitable for a child
 immature: regard as showing a lack of adult qualities such as
emotional restraint, seriousness, or good sense

Childlike (adjective)
 having good qualities of child: like a child, especially in having a sweet,
innocent, unspoiled quality.
 Innocent, pure, naïve, candid, uncomplicated, unsophisticated

Collaborate/Cooperate

Collaborate (verb)
 To work together, especially on work of an intellectual nature.

Cooperate (verb)
 To work jointly with others to some end; to contribute to a join effect

Emigrate/Immigrate

Emigrate (verb)
 It refers to the process by which a person leaves his place or country of
residency, to relocate elsewhere.

Immigrate (verb)
 It describes the process by which a person moves into a country for
the purpose of establishing residency
Gender/Sex

Sex (noun)
 It refers to biological differences; chromosomes, hormonal profiles,
internal and external sex organs

Gender (noun)
 Masculine and feminine (gay, bisexual or transsexual or trangender)
 Gender role’ refers to the characteristics and behaviors that different
cultures attribute to the sexes.

Compliment/Compelement

Compliment (noun)
 It is associated with praise, or flattery; an expression of approval; an
admiring remark

Complement ( noun)
 It is associated with enhancement
 It implies something that completes

Lose/Loose

Lose (verb)
 It means to fail to keep (either physically or in abstract sense), to
misplace, fail to make money in a business.

Loose (adjective)
 It means ‘not tight’ or ‘free from constraint’.

According to Robert, there are three interactive models of

communication that are widely acknowledged namely the Shannon,
Schramm and Berlo. Below is an illustration of the communication process,
reflecting the model concepts ( as cited in Chavez, et. al, 2012, pp. 38-43).
Shannon-Weaver Mathematics Model
http://davis.foulger.info/research/unifiedModelofCommunication.htm
Information
Source Transmitter Receiver Destination

Message Signal Received Message

Signal

Noise Source

 Berlos’s Model of Communication

Berlos’s SMCR Model of Communication

Encodes Decodes
Source Message Channel Receiver

Communication Content Hearing

Communication Skills
Skills

Attitudes Elements Seeing Attitudes

Knowledge Treatment Touching Knowledge

Social System Structure Smelling Social System

Culture Code Tasting Culture

  Schramm’s Model of Communication

Field of Experience Field of Experience

DESTINATION
Source SIGNAL decoder
encoder

http://extension.missouri.edu/p/CM109

V. Activity:

Group yourselves by three and create your own concept of the

communication process. Share your ideas in the class.

VI. Task

From the three models of communication process, choose one model and
make a simple presentation on it presentation is good for 3 minutes.
 Information Sheet 3: Modes of Communication

I. Learning Outcomes

You are expected to:

1. Identify the different modes of communication

2. describe the benefits of facilities and gadgets in communication
3. write an essay
4. work as a team

Key Concepts: Communication

Lesson

Modes and Medium of Communication

1. Face-to-face
2. Video
3. Audio and text-based
4. Writing Braille
5. Speech
6. Sign Language (including finger spelling into the palm of the
deaf/blind),
7. Body movements
8. Facial expression
9. Symbols

Face-to-face Communication
- Is the most common. This includes casual conversation between
two or more people and business meetings. It requires no extra
materials, making this the cheapest option for communication.

Video Communication

- Is achieved by using web cameras to connect two or more parties.

This is the next-best communication option after face-to face .

Audio Communication

- Is a voice-only form of communication, such as a conversation on a

telephone. This is a good instant communication tool if you catch
the person instead of getting and answering machine or voice mail.
Text Communication

- Includes Internet communication, such as email, instant messaging

and forums, text messaging and printed papers. Text
communication does not have the benefits of audi and video, but it
is much easier to distribute information to a large group of people
and save records of the communication.
- It also includes in making memorandum, notices, informant
discussion and others.
-
Facilities/Gadgets used in communication:

1. Cell phones
2. Tablets
3. Computer (desktop)
4. Notebook
5. Telephone
6. Fax machine
7. Laptop

Internet sites commonly used:

1. Yahoo
2. Google
3. Altavista and others
4. Mozilla Firefox
5.
Application Sites for Social Netwroking Communication
1. Yahoo Messenger 4. Facebook 7. Wechat
2. Skype 5. Tweeter 8. Viber
3. Ovoo 6. Instagram

Activity:

Group yourselves by five, make a short presentation on the use of gadgets or

facilities in the your everyday living. Presentation is good for 3 minutes only.

Evaluation

Write an essay that from the many forms of communication, which one do
you think is useful and why?
Assignment:

In a one whole piece of bondpaper, make a lay out of your profile in

Facebook or Instagram. What do you want your profile to look at? Share
your ideas in the class.

Information Sheet 4: Terms, Memos, Notices

Learning Outcomes

You are expected to:

1. Identify common terms in different qualification

2. learn how to write memos
3. write a simple memorandum in school
4. work as a team

Key Concepts: Terms, Memos, Notices

Sample Memos and Notices

Memos – solve problems, it is designed to be read quickly and passed along

rapidly, oftn within a company or work group.

- Is a short of communication used within a company.

-The memo heading includes the date, sender’s name and title,
receipient’s name(s) and the subject line consisting of ten words or
less.
Part of Memo

Standard Memo –are divided into segments to organize the information and
to help achieve the writer’s purpose.

A. Heading Segment

The heading segment follows this general format:

TO: (reader’s names and job titles)

FROM: (your name and job title)
DATE: (complete and current date)
SUBJECT: (what the memo is about , highlighted in some way)
B. OPENING SEGMENT

The purpose of a memo is usually found in the opening paragraphs

and is presented in three parts: the context and problem, the specific
assignment or task, and the purpose of the memo.

1. The context is the event, circumstance or background to the

problem you are solving.
2. In the task statement, you should describe what you are doing
to help solve the problem.
3. Finally, the purpose statement of a memo gives your reason for
writing is and forecasts what is in the rest memo.

C. Summary Segment
If your memo is longer than a page, you may want to include a
separate summary segment

Memorandum

TO: All representatives

FROM: Papelmeroti, Sales Representative
DATE: 18 November, 2003
SUBJECT: ordering recycled paper from Brown’s

All representatives should be using recycled paper now. It is available through

the usual ordering system,but must be filled out on special order forms (sample
attached). Be careful when filling in the form to complete the following information.

1. Indicate the number of pages, rather than the number of packets.

2. Discounts apply if you order one month in advance.
3. Postage and freight must be added to every order.

All representatives can choose the colors of the paper they want to use. Once you
choose your colors, please stick with your choice.
 Sample of Circular in workplace

SUBJECT OF ACTION

Recommending Approval Approval

Positions other than VSS/VSA VIS VSS/VSA
and VIS
Positions other than RTC Senior Staff for R/PTC Regional Director
Chief/PTC Head

4.2.5 An official or employee who is continuously absent for more than one (1) year or
intermittently absent for at least two hundred sixty (260) working days during a 24-month period
by reason of illness may be declared physically unfit to perform his/her duties and the head of
office in the exercise of his own judgment may consequently drop him/her from the rolls.

4.2.6 Approval of sick leave, whether with or without pay, is mandatory provided proof of sickness
or disability is attached to the application.
 SPEAK ENGLISH AT A BASIC OPERATIONAL
Learning Outcome 2
LEVEL
CONTENTS:

1. Oral Communication
2. Philippine English
3. Forms of Expression
4. British and American English Vocabulary

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

1. Simple conversations on familiar topics with work colleagues is

participated
2. Simple verbal instruction or requests are responded to
3. Simple requests are made
4. Routine procedures are described
5. Likes, dislikes and preferences are expressed
6. Different forms of expression in English is identified

CONDITION:

Trainees must be provided with the following”

1. References (books)
2. Fax machine
3. Telephone
4. Internet

ASSESSMENT METHODS:

1. Written Test
2. Performance Test
3. Oral Questioning
4. Direct Observation
 Information Sheet 1: Philippine English

Learning Experiences

Learning Outcome 2: Speak English a Basic Operational Level

Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read Information Sheet If you have some problem on the content of
1.2.1 on “Philippine English” the information sheet don’t hesitate to
approach your facilitator.

If you feel that you are knowledgeable on the

content of the information sheet, you can
now answer self check provided in the
module.

2. Answer Self-Check 1.2-1 Compare your answers to the answer keys on

on “Philippine English” 1.2-1 “ Philippine English” You are required
to get all answers correct. If not, read the
information sheets again to answer all the
questions correctly.

3. Read Information Sheet 1. If you have some problem on the content of

2-2 on “ Forms of Expression
in English”
the information sheet don’t hesitate to
approach your facilitator.
If you feel that you are knowledgeable on the
content of the information sheet, you can
now answer self check provided in the
module.

4. Answer Self-Check 1.2-2 Compare your answers to the answer keys on

on “Forms of Expression in 1.2-2 “ Forms of Expression in English” You
English” are required to get all answers correct. If not,
read the information sheets again to answer
all the questions correctly.

‘
 Information Sheet 1: Philippine English

Learning Outcomes

You are expected to:

1. learn some terms used in Philippine English

2. identify the British and American words
3. use some words in Philippine English in a sentence
4. work as a team

Key Concepts: Philippine English

Lesson:

Boardmate A person somebody lives with in a

boarding house
Bold star A model or an actor of sexually
explicit magazines, films, or other
materials
Boondock A very high area of land with
steepsides
Capiz A small mollusk with a hinged shell
Carless It is used to indicate that somebody
or something does not have a car
Carnap To take a car that belongs to
somebody else, illegally or without
the owner’s permission
Cocol Called a relationship of a couple
who only meet at a coffee shop
Eat-all-you-can All-you-can-eat
Five-six Borrowing or lending money with
20% interest
Flying kiss A kissing gesture near to , nut not
actually making contact with, his or
her cheek, to greet somebody
Hohol When a person enjoys hanging out
and mingling with others
Hostess A woman who has sex with men in
exchange for money
Ice scramble Crushed or shredded ice with sugar
and food colouring
KKB An outing to a restaurant or
theatre,where each person pays for
himself orherself
Kundiman A love song
mix-mix A form of speech involving frequent
switches between languages.
Momol/momox A relationship without any
commitment
Momowl A relationship with love
Owner jeep A vehicle with four-wheel drive , for
use of commuting public in the
Philippines

PHILIPPINE ENGLISH

academician A teacher in a college, university or

institution of higher learning
Adidas Chicken foot cooked on a barbecue
Ambush interview An unscheduled interview with a
politician, film actor, etc.
As alto A surprise party with ample food and
drink
Bedspace A room for someone to stay in a
dormitory
Berks A close friend or a companion
Betamax Chicken head cooked on a barbecue
Boarding-house A private home that provides a room
but usually doesn’t provide meals to
paying guests who are usually
workers or students

Pickpocketer A thief who steals from people’s

pockets and bags in public places,
usually unnoticed.
Querida A woman with whom a man has
usually long-term extramarital
sexual relationship, often one in
which he provides financial support
Salad A dish orf various pieces of fresh or
canned fruit or macaroni with cream
or mayonnaise.
Sin A roof sheet made of galvanized iron.
Smuggle A flat shoe of soft or lightweight
material, usually worn indoors.
Spaghetti A short stretchy top with straps for
women.
Step in
Take-home
Tao
Tomboy
Topnotcher
Tricycle
University belt
Vendor
Viand
Sentences in Philippine English
Philippine English
Did you have a good travel?
Do you like a horse?
Finally! Where have you been?
He availed of the opportunity.
He’s looking forward to go home.
I am a bit in hurry.
I gave to her my address
I gonna tell you something.
I have done a mistake.
I have to lose my weight.
I think I would enjoy a city life.
I’m thankful for your help
Let’s go and have some coffee to
Starbucks.
A light open shoe that is held on by
straps across the instep or around
A meal given by a friend or someone
for eating at home.
An individual human being.
A woman who is sexually attracted to
other women.
A person who attains the highest
position in an exam or election.
A motorcycle with a side car.
A part of a district or city which has
a large number of universities.
Somebody who travels from place to
place selling goods.
A dish that is served during a meal
and eaten with rice.
British English
Did you have a good journey?
Do you like horses?
At last, where have you been?
He availed himself of the opportunity.
He’s looking forward to going home.
I am in a bit of a hurry,
I gave her my address.
I’m gonna tell you something.
I have made a mistake.
I have to lose (some) weight.
I think I would enjoy city life.
I’m grateful for your help.
Let’s go and have some coffee at
Starbucks.
 Sentences in American English

Philippine English British English

All the children were in school.
Can you fill in this form?
He just went home.
We don’t need to hurry.
Particulars, keep out.
The kitchen looks great now that it
has been done over.
There was a large box of candies on a
table nearby.
It looks like it’s going to rain.
All the children were in school.
Can you fill out this form.
He has just gone home.
We need not to hurry.
Outsiders, keep out.
The kitchen looks great now that it
has been done up.
There was a large box of sweets on a
table nearby.
It looks as f it’s going to rain.

British English and American English

These two Englishes are very similar. They are a few differences of
vocabulary. It is important that you observe consistency when using them.
You need to decide whether you use British English or American English for
they cannot intermingle in your writing.

British English American English

Aerial (radio/tv) Antenna
Aeroplane Airplane
Aubergine Eggplant
Autumn Fall
Bap Bill
Biscuit Cracker
Block of flats Apartment building
Bootlace/shoelace Shoestring
Braces Suspenders
Break (school) Recess
Briefs/underpants Shorts/jockey shorts
Candy floss Cotton candy
Car park Parking lot
Chemist’s shop Druggist
Convoy Caravan
Cotton Thread
Curtains Drapes
Dessicated (coconut) Shredded
Diversion Detour
District Precinct
Dynamo Generator
Fair(fun) Carnival
Foyer Lobby
French fries Chips
Funny bone Crazy bone
Gallery Balcony
Gangway Aisle

Goose pimples Goose bumps

Handbag Purse
Hoover (n) Vacuum cleaner
Ice/sorbet Sherbet
Iced lolly Popsicle
Ironmonger Hardware store
Kiosk Telephone booth
Label Tag
Let Lease/rent
Mackintosh Raincoat
Mobile phone Cellular phone
Nappy Diaper
Wine merchant Liquor store
Paraffin Kersone
Parcel Package
Pavement/footpath Sidewalk
Post Mail
Postman Mailman
Queue Line
Reception Front desk
Rubbish Garbage
Saloon car Sedan
Single ticket One way
Sofa Couch
 Silent letters in Philippine English

Aspirin Different Marriage Several Business Evening

Medicine Temperature Chocolate Every Omelette

Usually Comfortable Interesting Restaurant Vegetable

IV. Evaluation

Direction: Match the following

Column A Column B

_____1. A very high area of land with steep sides a. berks

_____2. A close friend or companion b. boondock
_____3. Long way c. tuck out
_____4. To untuck. d. long cut
_____5. A week after next. E. standby
_____6. Someone who has no job f. next next
week
_____7. A vehicle with four-wheel drive g. pasalubong
_____8. Something that is given to somebody when h. owner jeep
Going back from a trip somewhere.
_____9. A roof sheet made of galvanized iron. i. spaghetti
____10. A short stretchy top with straps for women j. sin

V. Task

Identify at least five technical terms you use in your respective qualifications.
Find the meaning of those words and write it down in a one-fourth piece of
paper.
Answer Key:

1. b

2. a

3. d

4. c

5. f

6. e

7. h

8. g

9. j

10. i

Information Sheet 2: Forms of English in English

I. Learning Outcomes

You are expected to:

1. learn expressions in English

2. know the meaning of idiomatic expressions and proverbs
3. perform a role play
4. work as a team

Key Concepts: Expressions

Lesson:

Example of Forms of Expression in English

Apologising:

Everybody makes mistakes sometimes. When it happens we

need a phrase to tell the other person how really sorry we are and stop them
getting really angry.

1. I’m (so/very/terribly) s0rry.

2. Ever so sorry.
3. How stupid/careless/ thoughtless of me.
4. Pardon (me).
5. That’s my fault.
6. Sorry. It was may fault.
7. Please excuse my (ignorance).
8. Please don’t be mad at me.
9. Please accept our (sincerest) apologies.

Asking Information:

Sometimes you want to ask English people for information.

In English ,it is not very polite to start a conversation with a direct

question. For this reason, we have a number of phrases…

Can you tell me…?

Could you tell me…?
I’d like to know?
D’you know?
Could anyone tell me?
Would you happen to know?
I wonder if you could tell me?
I wonder if someone could tell me?
Advice and Suggestions
Sometimes other people don't know what to do and they ask us for some
advice. Here are ten phrases you can use when you are making suggestions.

Ten Expressions to Use In Speaking And Writing

1. I reckon you should stop now

2. Why don't you stop now?

3. How about stopping now?

4. If I were you, I'd stop now.

5. I suggest you stop now

6. You'd (really) better stop right now.

7. I would strongly advise you to stop

8. My advice would be to stop now

9. It might be a good idea to stop

10. You might try stopping

Asking for Approval

Sometimes we are not sure if it's a good idea to do something. So we need

useful expressions for asking if other people agree with an idea or intended
action. Here are ten phrases.
Ten Expressions to Use In Speaking And Writing

1. Do you think it's all right to do it?

2. What do you think about (me doing that)?

3. Do you think / reckon I ought to (do it)?

4. What would you say if I (did it)?

5. Would you approve of (doing something)?

6. What is your attitude to the idea of...

7. Are you in favour of (me doing something)?

8. You are in favour of ... aren't you?

9. Do you think anyone would mind if I...

10. Do you think it would be really awful if I

Idiomatic Expressions

Common Expressions and their Meanings

1. To keep one’s balance to keep calm

2. One’s flesh and blood members of one’s family
3. Once in a blue moon not often, very uncommon
4. Out of the blue as a surprise
5. Fair play honest behavior
6. To foot the bill to pay the cost
7. Free-handed generous
8. It’s a go: it is agreed
9. Take it with a grain of salt not to believe all of it
10. An old hand an experienced person
11. A cold hand daring and shameless
12. To come to heel to obey like a dog
13. To lose one’s heart to fall in love
 Common Proverbs and their meanings:

1. A friend in need is a friend indeed a friend who helps

when one is in trouble is
a real friend

2. Charity begins at home a person’s first duty

is to help the
members of his
family

3. God helps those who help themselves God helps those who
make an effort

4. Jack of all trades and master of none Jack of all trades

5. Good wine needs no bush good things needs no

advertisement

6. Pride goes before a fall a proud person soon

falls into disgrace

7. Rome was not built in a day great things are not

achieved easily

8. Strike while the iron is hot seize a good opportunity.

9. There’s no smoke without fire rumors don’t spread

unless There’s some
truth in them.

10. Great haste makes great waste if we are in a

great hurry we make
mistakes and we
waste a lot of time to correct
the mistakes
Activity

Choose a partner and exchange conversation using the dialogues on

apologizing or greetings.

IV. Evaluation:

Choose one proverb and explain the meaning of the proverb.

V. Task:

In 100 words, write your philosophy in life. Write your answers in a

one whole piece of pad paper.

PARTICIPATE IN WORKPLACE MEETING AND

Learning Outcome 3
DISCUSSION

CONTENTS:
1. Business Meeting Procedures, Protocol and System
2. Tasks and Responsibilities

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

1. Team meetings are attended on time.

2. Own opinions are clearly expressed and those of others are listened
to without interruption.
3. Meeting inputs are consistent with the meeting purpose and
establish protocols.
4. Workplace interaction are conducted in a courteous manner
appropriate to cultural background and authority in the enterprise
procedures.
5. Questions about simple routine workplace procedures and matters
concerning conditions of employment are asked and responded.
6. Meeting outcomes are interpreted and implemented.
 CONDITION:

Trainees must be provided with the following”

1. Reference (books)
2. Fax machine
3. Telephone
4. Internet

ASSESSMENT METHODS:

1. Written test
2. Performance test
3. Oral Questioning
4. Direct Observation

Learning Experiences
Learning Outcome 3:PARTICIPATE IN WORKPLACE MEETING AND
DISCUSSION
Learning Activities
1. Read Information Sheet
1.3-1 on “Business Meeting
Procedures, Protocol and
System”
2. Answer Self-Check 1.3-1
on “Business Meeting
Procedures, Protocol and
System”
3. Read Information Sheet
1.3-2 on “ Task and
Responsibilities ”
Special Instructions
If you have some problem on the content of
the information sheet don’t hesitate to
approach your facilitator.
If you feel that you are knowledgeable on the
content of the information sheet, you can now
answer self check provided in the module.
Compare your answers to the answer keys on
1.3-1 “ Business Meeting Procedures,
Protocol and System” You are required to get
all answers correct. If not, read the
information sheets again to answer all the
questions correctly.
If you have some problem on the content of
the information sheet don’t hesitate to
approach your facilitator.
If you feel that you are knowledgeable on the
content of the information sheet, you can now
answer self check provided in the module.
4. Answer Self-Check 1.3-2
on “ Task and
Responsibilities ”
Compare your answers to the answer keys on
1.3-2 “ Task and Responsibilities” You are
required to get all answers correct. If not,
read the information sheets again to answer
all the questions correctly.

Information Sheet 1: Business Meetings, Protocols and System

Learning Outcomes

You are expected to:

1. define the term “meeting”

2. describe the procedures in the conduct of business meeting
3. work as a team

Key Concepts: Meeting, Procedure, Protocol, System

Lesson:

Parliamentary procedure – is a standardized code of behavior

addressed to specially created situations which is characterized by a large
group of people gathered together in a business meeting in order to achieve a
specific purpose.

Objectives:

1. Protect and defend the assembly from hasty and ill-considered action;
2. To give each member an equal right to be heard
3. To determine the will of the majority
4. To protect the minority

Characteristic features:
1. It is democratic, it provides for a rule of the majority at the same time
that it protects the rights of the minority.
2. It is efficient, it provides for a complete, comprehensive and free
discussion of all matters.
3. It requires orderly disposal or settlement of each item of business.
Planning the meeting:

A meeting is an assemblage of people who gathered at a specified place

and time in order to discuss a certain matter or make a decision on a vital
issue.

The officers of an organization should communicate with one another

and announce to the members the following:
a. Place and time of meeting
b. Manner of notifying the members
c. Person to call the meeting to order
d. Person to be nominated for chairman
e. Person to explain the purpose of the meeting
f. Agenda
g. A set of resolution drafted in advance

Conduct the meeting

The president of the organization together with the members is

responsible for preparing the order of business for the association’s regular
business meeting.

Procedures of conduct:

1. Call to order

- This is the official beginning of meeting and the first main item in
its order of business. The assembly is allowed to wait ten to fifteen
minutes after the appointed time to see if a quorum.

The activities at this initial stage are conducted by a temporary

presiding officer:

1.Election of a chairman and a secretary.

2. reading the call for the meeting by the secretary.

3.explaining the purpose of the meeting by a member chosen by

chairman.

4. announcing of the next business in order by the chairman.

 2. Reading the minutes of the previous meeting
- Correction and Approval

3. Report of the officers, standing committees or boards

-a standing committee is appointed at each annual meeting of a

society for a definite time such as a session or a year.

4. Report of special or ad hoc committees

- A special committee is appointed for a specific and defined purpose

and it exists until the duty or task assigned to it is accomplished or
until it is dismissed by a two-thirds vote.

5. Unfinished business

- This refers to questions or orders of the day which were scheduled

during the previous meeting.

6. New business

- Parliamentary practice has established steps in the introduction

and disposal of motions.
a. Introducing Motions
b. Discussing Motions
c. Amending Motions
d. Voting on Motions

7. Miscellaneous matters
8. Adjournment

V. Evaluation

Group yourselves by five. Choose your leader. Conduct a short

meeting on the upcoming Student Day of our school. Decide what are your
plans and activities.

VI. Task

Take down of the Task and Responsibilities of your Brgy. Capitan in

your hometown.
 Information Sheet 2: Tasks and Responsibilities

Learning Outcomes

You are expected to:

1. identify the tasks and responsibilities of a officers

2. perform a simulation activity
3. work as a team

Key Concepts: Tasks , Responsibilties

Lesson:

The members of the assembly, just like the presiding officer, are also
responsible for certain tasks and actions to make the business meeting a
meaningful one. If you are a member of good standing you must follow the
following :

Parliamentary practice assigns specific duties and responsibilities for the

presiding officer,

a. To call the meeting to orders at the appoint time;

b. To preside at all meetings.
c. To announce the business before the assembly in its proper order
d. To put to the assembly all questions for which a vote is required.
e. To answer parliamentary inquiries and rule on Points of Order
f. To officially declare all recesses and adjournments

Tasks and Responsibilities of Members

1. Obtain the floor and secure recognition from the presiding officer
before making a motion.
2. Take part in the debate if you have an opinion to express or if you
want to obtain an information.
3. Refrain in dealing with personalities while debating.
4. Use your knowledge of parliamentary practice to help transact
business in a constructive manner.
5. Stay at the meeting until the president or chairman declares the
meeting adjourned.
6. Use your knowledge of parliamentary practice to help transact
business in an orderly and constructive manner.
7. Stay at the meeting until the president or chairman declares the
meeting adjourned.
8. Pay your dues on time.
 With regards to the holding of a position, accept an office whose
responsibilities you are willing to take. During debate, observe proper
decorum by:

a. Addressing remarks to the presiding officer or chairman

b. Saying “the gentleman who spoke first in referring to another member
c. Limiting questions
d. Avoiding personalities, never referring indirectly to the officer or
another member by name
e. Not disturbing the assembly by whispering , walking around or the
like,
f. Being courteous in language and disposition.

Activity:

ENUMERATION

1. Enumerate at least 5 responsibilities of the presiding officer?

2. Enumerate at least 5 responsibilities of the members?

Task:

Interview any official in your barangay about his/her duties and

responsibilities.
 COMPLETE RELEVANT WORK RELATED
Learning Outcome 4
DOCUMENTS

CONTENTS:

1. Business Letters
2. Technical Writing
3. Forms and Examples

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

1. Ranges of forms relating to conditions of employment are

completed accurately and legibly.
2. Workplace data is recorded on standard workplace forms and
documents.
3. Basic mathematical processes are used for routine calculations.
4. Errors in recording information on forms, documents are
identified and rectified.
5. Reporting requirements to superior are completed according to
enterprise guidelines

CONDITION:

Trainees must be provided with the following.”

1. References (books)
2. Fax machine
3. Telephone
4. Internet

ASSESSMENT METHODS:

1. Written Test
2. Performance Test
3. Oral questioning
4. Direct Observation

Learning Outcome 4:
DOCUMENTS
Learning Activities
1. Read Information Sheet
1.4-1 on “Business Letters”
2. Answer Self-Check 1.4-1
on “Business Letters”
3. Read Information Sheet
1.4-2 on “Technical Writing”
4. Answer Self-Check 1.4-2
on “Technical Writing ”
5. Read Information Sheet 1.4-3
on “Forms and Examples”.
6. Answer Self-Check 1.4-3
on “Forms and Examples ”
Learning Experiences
COMPLETE RELEVANT WORK RELATED
Special Instructions
If you have some problem on the content of
the information sheet don’t hesitate to
approach your facilitator.
If you feel that you are knowledgeable on the
content of the information sheet, you can
now answer self check provided in the
module.
Compare your answers to the answer keys on
1.4-1 “Business Letters” You are required to
get all answers correct. If not, read the
information sheets again to answer all the
questions correctly.
If you have some problem on the content of
the information sheet don’t hesitate to
approach your facilitator.
If you feel that you are knowledgeable on the
content of the information sheet, you can
now answer self check provided in the
module.
Compare your answers to the answer keys on 1.4-2
“Technical Writing” You are required to get all
answers correct. If not, read the information sheets
again to answer all the questions correctly.
If you have some problem on the content of the
information sheet don’t hesitate to approach your
facilitator.
If you feel that you are knowledgeable on the content
of the information sheet, you can now answer self
check provided in the module.
Compare your answers to the answer keys on 1.4-3
“Forms and Examples” You are required to get all
answers correct. If not, read the information sheets
again to answer all the questions correctly.
 Information Sheet 1: Business Letters

I. Learning Outcomes

You are expected to:

1. identify the elements or parts of a business letter

2. write a letter of application
3. develop confidence, integrity,

Key Concepts: Business Letters

Lesson:

According to Gorospe et. al (2000, p. 221) that “ a letter provides a

record of the activity, and it allows the writer to provide more context or
explanation than it usually does. It helps the audience remember, what is to
be done.”

Nem Singh and Calixihan (1994, p. 318) describe that business letters
are different from friendly letter in terms of format, language, style and
content. Friendly letters include content, and informal in style, and need not
to follow the organizational content.

Types of Business Letters

1. Routine Business letters are commonly used in daily business

transactions. It is consist of orders and replies to orders, transmittals,
remittances, acknowledgements, inquiry, requests for information and
favors, invitation, and memoranda.

2. Claim Letter is a letter of complaint from a customer, when goods and

services are unsatisfactory, or when an error has been made. The reply is
called an adjustment letter.

The outline of a direct claim is as follows:

1. State the major claim in the first sentence.

2. Explain the details supporting the claim.
3. Confidently request the action to be taken.
Example:

28 June, _____
Gentlemen:

Please send a repairman to fix the compressor of the Westinghouse

refrigerator I bought from you last 18 April. Although we followed the
directions for care in the manual, the unit has stopped working.

I shall appreciate your sending the repairman this coming Saturday

since nobody is at home on weekdays.

SALES LETTER:

According to Singh and Calixihan (pp. 319-320), “sales letter is self-

explanatory. It aims to sell a product or service. It is a form of advertising.
The test of a good sales letter is if the reader buys the product or service
advertised”.

Unsolicitied sales letter has to be more convincing to arouse the

reader’s attention. It follows the acronym A-I-D:
A – attention of buyer is attractive; usually with an attention-getting opener.

I – interest of buyer is around; emphasize its central selling point.

D – desire to buy is elivited;

Solicited Sales Letters are replies to questions from prospective buyers.

 Armstrong Floors, Inc.
143 Pasong Tamo
Makati, Metro Manila

Mrs. Susan Castro

Thank you for asking us about the qualities of Armstrong Floors.

When you went to the front door this morning to get your mail, did you
happen to notice your floor? Now that is it quite faded, wouldn’t color there
brighten up and smarten the whole house?

Nowadays, you can bring outdoor freshness, beauty, and cheer indoor
all year long. In your receiving room, for instance, you can have a flooring
that will reflect warmth and hospitality with a choice but subdued color and
varied designs.

Modern flooring like these can carry colorful charm into every room.
Modern floorings, fashioned of Armstrong Linoleum.

Armstrong Linoleum Floors are smarter than ever this year. Visit our
store this week, and choose the model you want. We know you’ll be
surprised at the variety of designs and fresh colors you have to choose from.
Avail of our discounted price while it lasts.

Sincerely yours,

Armstrong Floors, Inc,.

Please send a repairman to fix the compressor of the Wrestinghouse

refrigerator I bought from you last 18

Elements of a Business Letter

1. heading 4. salutation 6. closure

2. the inside address 5. Body 7. Signature
For Example:

376 – C Lopez Jaena Street

Jaro, Iloilo City
May 10, 2003

The Inside Address:

It includes the full name and business address of the person written
just as it appears in the envelope. The name must be spelled out correctly
and courtesy demands that his name must be addressed with “Ms.,Mrs.,
Mr.,” or an appropriate title.

Example:

Mr. John C. Valdez, President Dr. Elpidio C. Mendoza

Philippine Manufacturing Company Director of Research
Valenzuela, Bulacan Pure Foods Products
Mandaluyong, Rizal

Gorospe et.al (2000) quoted that “if you must write a letter to a
company but do not know the individual to whom to address it, you may
address the company or a certain office or a department of the company.

When a writer wishes to address to a particular person, he may use

the “attention line”.

For Example: Wakey Products, Inc.

1410 Grand Avenue
Detroit 2, Michigan

< 2 spaces>

Attention: Head, Drafting Department

Gentlemen:

Salutation: The Salutation is located below the last line of the inside
address and flush with the left-hand margin. Common greetings are “Dear
Sir”. The greeting “Sir” should be reserved for a very formal. “Dear
Mr.______________:” is also acceptable.

In addressing a company or a group of men, use “Gentlemen.” When

writing a woman or a group of women, you may use “Dear Miss_______:”
“Dear Mrs.________:”
“Dear Madam:” “Mesdames:” the only acceptable punctuation after the
salutation is a colon (:).

Body of the Letter. The body of the letter is its message. It is made up of
three parts:

1. the introduction which identifies the nature of business letter

2. the message proper
3. the closing paragraph

Complimentary Close. It is the formal way of signaling the end of a letter.

A comma is used after the complimentary close.

Examples: Yours respectfully, Respectfully yours, Yours truly (not Truly

yours)
Yours very truly, or Very Truly yours, Yours sincerely, or Sincerely
yours,
“Respectfully submitted,” is proper for letter of transmittal to
superiors,
letters of application.

Signature. Below the complimentary close, is the signature. Four to six

spaces are about right. The name of the company appears above the
Signature if you wish to emphasize the fact that you are speaking only as an
instruments of the company and not with personal responsibility.

Examples:

Yours sincerely, Yours very truly, Very truly yours,

John C. Tan John C. Tan John C. Tan,

President
Chief Technical Adviser Chief Technical Adviser Amythst Manufacturing
Research Division Co.
Application Letters

According to Singh and Calixihan ( p. 322) there are 14 principles in

guiding an application letter.

1. Don’t include all the details of your life as if your are writing an
autobiography.

2. Don’t overuse”I” , “me”, and “my”

3. Don’t be too humble or presumptions.

4. Don’t beg or ask for sympathy.

5. Don’t sound too familiar. Use formal language.

6. Don’t lecture.

7. Don’t advance any self-evaluation. Let the prospective employer be the

jungle.

8. Don’t mention any dissatisfaction with the present employer.

9. Don’t emphasize graduation unnecessarily.

10. Don’t write in vague, general terms. Use examples and evidences.

11. Don’t simply repeat data-sheet information, interpret them.

12. Don’t use trite, outworn expressions.

13. Don’t use your present employer’s stationary.

14. Avoid statements suggesting certainty about the future.

 September 8, 2017

MR. CHRISTIAN DELA CRUZ

Manager
Sogo Hotel
Metro Manila

Sir:

Greetings!

This is in response to your advertisement for a Food and Beverage

Service Attendant which appeared in yesterday’s issue of Manila Bulletin.

I am single and a resident of Quezon City, Philippines. I am a certified

TESDA graduate of Food and Beverages Services NC II. My experiences from
my previous employer are a great contribution in molding me to become a
professional individual.

Aside from being a hardworking, I am computer competent, fluent in

both oral and written English. I can work under minimum supervision and
very responsible in any tasks that will be assigned to me.

If my qualifications meet your interest, you can send an SMS or give a

call at 09086322319.

Very truly yours,

MARY JEAN BALLISA

 LIST OF TRITE OR OUTMOTED EXPRESSIONS

“ Listed below are commonly overused expressions in business letters.

Their modern equivalent are listed opposite them (Singh and Calixihan, pp,
324-326).

1. According to our records; our records indicate (Avoid this.)

- Say directly “ Your last payment was due on (say exact date.)

2. At an early date – soon

- Say directly “Soon” is an improvement. Or give the exact date if necessary.

3. At this time – now

- the expression means “now,” so why not say “now”? It is shorter and more
original

4. At this writing – now

- When else could it be? Say “now” if an expression is necessary.

- Say “Just as you can,” or “by next Monday morning.”

5. Attached please find; please find enclosed

These expressions are overworked. Say, “Enclosed is…” or better still,

refer to the enclosure in a sentence that also says something else, such as
“Refer to page 7 of the enclosed folder to see the basic steps of operation.

6. Claim; complaint (Avid these words)

Avoid these words because they suggest negative thoughts. No one wants
to learn that his letter asking for a legitimate adjustment has been branded
as “complaint.”

7. Legal Terms

Hereto, herewith, hereby, said, above, same, thereof, wherein, hereinafter – all
these words are overused law terms.

Pursuant to your request; referring to your request; in reference to your letter.

These expressions often appear at the beginning of letters. These
expressions often appear at the beginning of letters.
Activity:

Prepare your own bio-date and identify your assets or central selling points.
Based on this, write a letter of application.

IV. EVALUATION

From the advertisement below, write an application letter.

Boracay Mandarin Hotel

Is in need of the following:

5 Food Service Attendant

5 Pantry Chef
3 Automotive Technicians
3 Drivers

Qualifications:

At least 5’3 in height

Single, hardworking, patient can work with minimum supervision

Apply to:

Mr. Robert Po
Boracay Mandarin Hotel
Boracay, Malay, Aklan
 Information Sheet 2: Technical Writing

I. Learning Outcomes

You are expected to:

1. define the term “technical writing”

2. describe the purpose of technical writing
3. write a simple essay on a selected topic
4. develop confidence, integrity,

Key Concepts: Technical Writing

Lesson:

Technical writing is a method of researching and creating information

about technical processes or products. That information can then be
distributed to users as printed manuals or online guides so they can perform
tasks. Examples of technical writing include car repair manuals, help text
for database software and FAQs for troubleshooting cameras. (Locsin, A,
http://www.ehow.com/facts_5005967_definition-technical-writing.html)

Technical Writing is a form of technical communication. It is a style

of writing used in fields as diverse as computer hardware and software,
engineering, chemistry the aerospace industry, robotics, finance, consumer
electronics, and biotechnology.

Technical writers begin by forming a clear understanding of the

purpose of the document they will create. Technical writers then typically
gather information from existing documentation and from subject matter
experts. A subject matter expert (SME) is any expert on the topic that the
writer is working on. Technical writers are often not SMEs themselves
(unless they are writing about creating good technical documentation).
Workers at many levels, and in many different fields, have a role in
producing technical communications. A good technical writer needs strong
language and teaching skills and must understand the many conventions of
modern technical communications.

Advanced technical writers often move into specialized areas such as

API writing, document architecture, or information management.

Consider a technical writer writing a cake recipe:

  Audience: Is the audience composed of people in home kitchens, or
highly trained chefs in professional kitchens?
 Source: Is there existing documentation—a rough draft? Who is the
subject matter expert (SME)?
 Deliverable: Is the deliverable simple text for inclusion in a book, or
formatted to final form? Is the target a paper, a web page, or
something else?

The three C's of good technical writing are:

 Clear
 Concise
 Complete

Clear, concise, and complete writing helps the reader to grasp the meaning
quickly.

The technical writer determines that the recipe is written on the back
of a napkin but is partially indecipherable, so he or she must also interview
a subject matter expert (SME)—the chef who created it. On being told that
the audience consists of people in their own kitchens, the writer adjusts the
writing style accordingly, and replaces or defines terms such as "beurre
mixer" or "springform pan", which may be more suited to an audience of
highly trained chefs. The chef reviews a draft of the recipe (a technical edit)
and notates corrections (bake at 350 degrees, not bake at 325 degrees).

The writer prepares a final draft, which the document owner and any
other stakeholders review and approve before it is published in one or more
formats, such as a paper, or HTML. Different versions of the document might
also be published to meet the needs of different audiences.

Communicating With The Audience

Audience analysis is a key feature of all technical writing. Technical

writing is a communication to convey a particular piece of information to a
particular audience for a particular purpose. It is often an exposition about
scientific subjects and technical subjects associated with finance,
construction, medicine, agriculture, technology, and various sciences.

Procedural technical writing translates complex technical concepts

and instructions into a series of simple steps that enable users to perform a
specific task in a specific way. To present appropriate information, writers
must understand the audience and their goals.
 Persuasive technical writing attempts to sell products or change
behaviors by putting forth compelling descriptions of how a product or
service can be used in one's life. This type of writing often delves into
features and benefits of the product or service, and may use illustrations to
make the benefits easier for the audience to understand.

Technical Writing Is Presentational

Technical writing involves attractive layout for easy reading and

comprehension. Presentational strategies help readers to grasp messages
quickly.

 The top-down strategy (tell them what you will say, then say it)
 Headings (like headlines in newspapers)
 Chunks (short paragraphs)
 Plain, objective style so that readers can easily grasp details.

It is also important to understand the medium typically used to view the

final product. An HTML document (web page), viewed through a browser, has
presentational possibilities that are different from those of the printed page,
notably hyperlinks and animation, which can enhance the readers'
experience.

Types Of Technical Documents

Technical writers use computers and other electronic communications

equipment extensively in performing their work. They also work regularly
with publishing software and various authoring environments to prepare
material directly for the Internet. Technical writers frequently work with
word processing, graphic design, page layout, and multimedia software. The
nature of technical writing is evolving, and modern technical writers combine
text, graphics, images, and sound into their work.

Broadly speaking, technical documentation can be categorized into three

types, depending on the style of writing, the level of knowledge transferred,
and the target audience:

1. End-user assistance. These information products help a user

understand how to use a technical software or hardware product. User
manuals for computer software, hardware, household products,
 medical equipment, cell phones, smartphones, and other consumer
electronics belong to this category.
2. Traditional technical documentation. Here the writer's objective is to
communicate to a specific audience. Maintenance guides, appliance or
application repair manuals, engineering specifications, research
papers, reference works, annual reports. and articles written for
technical journals (to name a few examples) belong in this category.
3. Marketing communication. Product catalogs, brochures,
advertisements, introductory pages for web sites, press releases, and
advertising copy belong in this
category.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_writing)

Avoid redundancies: Avoid the wordy phrase; strive to be succinct.

Examples:

Word Phrase Concise

despite the fact that although even though

at this point in time at this time, now
on a weekly basis weekly
on the occasion of when
an honor and privilege an honor

(Reference: Gorospe, E.G, et.al (2000), Technical Writing, Central Philippine

University,
Jaro, Iloilo City
Activity:

Give the correct form of the verb in the parenthesis.

______________1. Everyone (be) here to observe the progress of the

transfusion of medicine to the patient.
______________2. Everything (be, past tense) in order when we left.
______________3. All of the students (have) left.
______________4. All of the rice (have) been eaten or sold.
______________5. The major cause of accidents (be) drunkenness.
______________6. Ten percent of the population (be )Muslims.
______________7. The majority of my friends (play) gold during
weekends.
______________8. A number of students (have) dropped of school.
______________9. The boy, along with his friends, (be) being counseled.
_____________10. A majority of votes (be) needed to win.

Evaluation:

From those in the parenthesis choose and underline the correct word
which will complete the meaning of the sentence.

1. This is a (quite, quiet) place for reflection.

2. The (site, cite) for the new building has been surveyed.

3. (There, Their) are different factors that affect the performance of

workers in the work environment.

4. Mothers (bath, bathe) their children everyday.

5. His (advice, advise) was that Jose change his major.

6. Lack of water (affects, effects) the growth of plants.

7. The government must (affect, effect) improvement in the living

conditions of its citizens.
 8. The agriculture building is (contiguous, adjacent) to the law
building.

9. His mental (ability, capacity) enables him to make constant

adjustments.

10. The money was divided equally (among, between) the twins.

Answer Key in Self-Check 1.4-2

1. Is
2. Was
3. Have
4. Has
5. Is
6. Are
7. Play
8. Have
9. Is
10. Is

1. Quiet
2. Site
3. There
4. Bathe
5. Advice
6. Affects
7. Effect
8. Adjacent
9. Capacity
10. Between
 Information Sheet 3: Forms and Examples

I. Learning Outcomes

You are expected to:

1. identify the types of forms

2. fill up the forms correctly
3. develop confidence, integrity,

Key Concepts: Forms

Lesson:
Single Record/Multi-
Type Examples
Record

Customer Card
Card Form Single Record
Vendor Card

Item Card
Type Single Record/Multi-Record Examples

Customer Card
Card Form Single Record
Vendor Card

Item Card

Customer Statistics

Vendor Statistics
Record
Employee Statistics
Tabular Form
Multi-Record Payment Terms
Currencies

Customer List

List Form Multi-Record Item List

Item Ledger Entries

General Journal

Worksheet Form Multi-Record Cash Receipts Journal

Item Transfer Journal

Sales Invoice
Header Form, Line Single Record and Multi-
Form Record Posted Purchase Credit
Memo

Finance Charge Memo

Card Forms

Card Form Characteristics

A card form lets you view and edit one record in a table at a time. A
card form is used when there are too many fields and you want to view them
all conveniently on only one line. Card forms always have tabs (like index
tabs), which you can select to view different groups of fields.

Even if there are only a few fields, there is at least one General tab.
The General tab is always first.

The table's primary key field is always the first field in the General
tab. Tables that use card forms only have one field in the Primary Key.
Naming Card Forms

Card forms are named after the table with which they are
associated, followed by the word "Card". For example, the card form
associated with the Customer table is called the Customer Card.
Card forms also have at least one menu button at the bottom of the
frame. This button has the same name as the table that the card is
based on and gives you access to related information.

Statistics Forms

A statistics form is a one-record form that enables you to view but not
edit information. It usually contains FlowFields, which allow you to drill
down to get to more information. Usually, a statistics form also contains
calculated or derived information contained in variables, which cannot be
drilled down.

Statistics forms can also contain tabs that help organize the
information.

Naming Statistics Forms

Statistics forms are named after the table with which they are
associated, followed by the word "Statistics". For example, the statistics form
associated with the Customer table is called Customer Statistics.

Entry statistics forms are a special version of the statistics form. They
are named after the table they are associated with, followed by the words
"Entry Statistics". For example, the entry statistics form associated with the
Customer table is called Customer Entry Statistics.

Tabular Forms

A tabular form is a multi-record form that enables you to view multiple

records from a table and edit them. Each record is displayed as a single row
in the tabular form and each field is displayed as a column, creating a table
within the form itself.

The primary key of the associated table is displayed in the leftmost column.
If there are multiple fields in the primary key, they are displayed in order of
importance in the columns, starting from the left.
Naming Tabular Forms

Tabular forms are named after the table with which they are
associated—only in plural. For example, the tabular form associated with the
Country/Region table is called Countries/Regions.

In the case of associated tables that have multiple fields in the primary
key, the name can be different. For example, the tabular form associated
with the General Posting Setup table is called General Posting Setup.

List Form Characteristics

A list form is a multi-record form that enables you to view multiple

records from a table at one time, but does not allow you to edit them. It has
the same rows-and-columns look as the tabular form.

The primary key fields of the associated table are displayed in the left
column.

Naming List Forms

A naming list form is named after the table with which they are associated,
followed by the word "List". For example, the list form associated with the
Customer table is called Customer List.

The "Specialized" Ledger Form

A more specialized version of the list form is the Ledger Form. These are
used only for Ledger Entry tables. They differ from ordinary list forms, in
that although you cannot insert or delete records, you can edit a few of the
fields. Also, the primary key is always an integer named "Entry No." and is
displayed in the rightmost column rather than the leftmost column.

The ledger form is given the plural of the name of the associated table. For
example, the ledger form associated with the Customer Ledger Entry table
is called Customer Ledger Entries.

Worksheet Forms

A worksheet form is a specialized version of the tabular form. It is a

multi-record form that enables you to view multiple records from a table and
edit them. The difference is that when you insert a new record, the record
does not jump to another position within the form, but instead stays in the
same order as you inserted it.
 This is done by using the AutoSplitKey property of the form,
combined with an integer, as the last field in the table's primary key.

The primary key fields of the associated table are not displayed on the
worksheet form.

Naming Worksheet Forms

Worksheet forms are named to reflect the purpose of the associated

table. One example is a Journal table. In this case, the name of the
worksheet form will end with the word "Journal".

Header/Line Forms

Many forms have the characteristics of both a card form and a tabular
form, for example the Sales Invoice form.

The fields that are common to the entire invoice are located on a card-
like form with tabs, showing one invoice at a time. However, the invoice lines
display in a table-like section of the form, where multiple invoice lines (from
the same invoice) can be viewed at the same time and edited. These are
called "Header/Line" forms.

Header/Line forms are two separate forms that are associated with
two different tables. The main form is a card form that is associated with one
table. The main form also contains a subform control that displays a
worksheet form that is associated with a different table, a table that is
"subsidiary" to the first table. The subform control manages the link between
the two forms.

Naming Header/Line Forms

In many cases, a Header/Line form represents a document.

Setup Form Characteristics

A setup form is a one-record form that enables you to view and edit
the only record in a setup table. You are not allowed to insert or delete this
record from this form. Since there are many fields, these forms use tabs to
organize the information.

Because there is only one record, the primary key is not displayed on
this form.
Naming Setup Forms

Setup forms are named after the table with which they are associated.
For example, the setup form associated with the General Ledger Setup table
is called General Ledger Setup.

Menu Forms

A menu form is a non-bound form (not related to any table) that gives
you access to many of the other forms that are related to a functional area.

The form usually consists of command buttons or menu buttons. The

buttons properties change so that they look basically like labels with small
squares or triangles in front of the caption. The buttons still behave like
normal buttons. The only difference is their appearance.
Activity 1: Fill out the Student/Trainee Profile Form

STUDENT/TRAINEE PROFILE FORM

1.1 COURSE/TRAINING PROGRAM

TITLE________________________________________
1.2 Year_______________Semester_________________School
Year_____________________
2.1Name_______________________________________________________________
Last Name First Name Middle
Name
2.2PERMANENT
ADDRESS______________________________________________________
Number, Street Barangay District

________________________________________________________________
City/Municipality Province Region

2.3 BIRTHDATE______________2.4 BIRTH PLACE____________2.5

Height____________
2.6 WEIGHT__________________
2.7 SEX ____MALE 2.8 CIVIL STATUS ____Single 2.9
Religion_______
____FEMALE ____Married
2.10 Disability_____ ____Widower ____Separated

3.EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
3.1Name of 3.2Educational 3.3 School year 3.4 Degree/Major
School Level
e.g Grade 6, 1st Yr.
 4.FAMILY BACKGROUND

4.1 Father’s Name________________4.2Occupation___________

4.2 4.3Ave. Monthly Income__________
1.4 Mother’s Name_______________4.5 Occupation__________
1.5 4.5 Ave. Monthly Income__________
4.7 Spouse’s Name_______________4.8 Occupation__________
4.8 4.9 Ave. Monthly Income__________
4.9 4.10 No. of children___________

(If employed, check the appropriate box below)

5. Employment Type ___wage employed ___self-
employed___unemployed___others
6. Employment Status ___regular ___contractua
___probationary__student
___trainee/ojt

7. Average Monthly Income:______________________

Signature of the Student/Trainee:

This is to certify that the information stated above are true and
correct___________________________
Contact No.:_______________________________
Activity

Identify the following:

1. A non-bound form (not related to any table) that gives you access to
many of the other forms that are related to a functional area.
2. A specialized version of the tabular form.
3. A multi-record form that enables you to view multiple records from
a table and edit them.
4. A one-record form that enables you to view but not edit
information.
5. A form which lets you view and edit one record in a table at a time.

Answer key 1.4-3

1. Menu Form

2. Worksheet Form

3. Tabular Form

4. Statistics Form

5. Card Form