SIKSHA 'O' ANUSANDHAN

(DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)

Department of Electrical Engineering,

Institute of Technical Education and Research

Introduction to Electrical and

Electronic Circuits
(EET 1102)

DESIGN REPORT

SUBMITTED BY

NAME: ARYAN SHRIVA

REGISTRATION NO.: 1741018079

BRANCH – SECTION: MECHANICAL –‘B’

SEMESTER: 4th SEMESTER

 DECLARATION

I certify that
a. The work contained in this report is original and has been done by me.
b. I have followed the guidelines provided by the Institute in preparing the report.
c. I have conformed to the norms and guidelines given in the Ethical Code of
Conduct of the Institute.
d. I have tried to complete the work with minimum possible cost.
e. Whenever I have used materials (data, theoretical analysis, figures, and text)
from other sources, I have given due credit to them by citing them in the text of
the report and giving their details in the references.

Submitted By:
Name: Aryan Shriva
Regd. No: 1741018079
Branch: Mechanical Engineering
Section: B

____________________
Signature
1. PROBLEM STATEMENT

By using proper input and feedback resistor values, design an averaging

amplifier with four inputs. Use feedback resistor of 10kΩ.
2. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
a) INTRODUCTION
Operational amplifiers are linear devices that have all the properties
required for nearly ideal DC amplification and are therefore used
extensively to perform mathematical operations. It is fundamentally a
voltage amplifying device designed to be used with external feedback
components such as resistors and capacitors between its output and input
terminals. These feedback components determine the resulting function or
operation of the amplifier and by virtue of the different feedback
configurations whether resistive, capacitive or both, the amplifier can
perform a variety of different operations, giving rise to its name of
Operational Amplifier. One of the inputs Op-Amp is called the inverting
input and the other input is called the non-inverting input.

Virtual ground concept implies that potential of inverting terminal is nearby

equal to zero with respect to non-inverting terminal which is connected to
ground which is called virtual ground concept.
Some of the applications of Op-amp are summer, subtractor, differentiator,
integrator etc.
An Averaging Amplifier is a variation of a Summing Amplifier. The input
resistors must all be the same. The ratio of any input resistor to the feedback
resistor is equal to the number of input sources.
 b) BLOCK DIAGRAM

Figure 1

Figure 1: Block diagram of different components

c) MATHEMATICAL MODELLING / ANALYSIS

Assuming OPAMP to be an ideal one, the differential input voltage is zero.

Therefore, v1 = v2 = 0

Thus, applying KCL at v2 node

The circuit can be used as an averaging circuit, in which the output voltage is
equal to the average of all the input voltages. In this case, Ra= Rb= Rc = R and
Rf / R = 1 / n where n is the number of inputs. Here Rf / R = 1 / 4.

vo = -(va+ vb + vc) / 4
3. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Figure 2

4. DESIGN SPECIFICATION
Table 1: Description of the components
Sl. No. Component Name Specification Price Per Unit
1 Breadboard 480 tie points Rs.100
2 Resistor 10K,39K Rs.1
3 Jumper Single strand Rs.7
4 Op-amp LM741IC Rs.12

Figure 2: Circuit diagram of averaging amplifier

5. HARDWARE SETUP

Figure 3

Figure 4
Figure 3, Figure 4: Setting up the complete circuit
6. RESULT

Figure 5
The output voltage is -3.142V which is the average of input voltages 5V,
5V, 1V, 1V.

Figure 5: Measuring the output voltage

7. COMMENTS

I want to pay my gratitude towards our ieec professor Mr.MRUTYUNJAY

SAHANI and lab assistants who helped us through this project with
perfection in his guidance I learnt many interesting things and so much
knowledge about electronics.
I also want to thank my parents and friends, who helped me through to
complete this project.
This project not only provides me a lot of knowledge and experience but
also it makes electrical and electronics very easy, interesting, and
understanding for us.
8. REFERENCE

 https://www.google.com
 https://www.wikipedia.org/
 http://www.ti.com
 Foundation of analog and digital electronic circuit
 9. DATA SHEET.

LM741
The LM741 series are general-purpose operational amplifiers which feature improved
performance over industry standards like the LM709. They are direct, plug-in
replacements for the 709C, LM201, MC1439, and 748 in most applications.

The amplifiers offer many features which make their application nearly foolproof:
overload protection on the input and output, no latch-up when the common-mode
range is exceeded, as well as freedom from oscillations.

The LM741C is identical to the LM741 and LM741A except that the LM741C has their
performance ensured over a 0°C to +70°C temperature range, instead of −55°C to
+125°C.

Features
 Overload Protection on the Input and Output
 No Latch-Up When the Common-Mode Range is
Exceeded

Bread board

BB300 Body Material: White ABS Plastic with Black Printed Legend
BB400/BB830/BB1660 Body Material: White ABS Plastic with Color
Printed Legend BB400T/BB830T/BB1660T Body Material: Transparent
ABS Plastic with
Color Printed Legend Hole Pitch/Style: 0.1" (2.54 mm), Square Wire
Holes ABS Heat Distortion Temperature: 84° C. (183° F.) Spring Clip
Contact: Phosphor Bronze with Plated Nickel Finish Contact Life: 50,000
insertions Rating: 36 Volts, 2 Amps Insertion Wire Size: 21 to 26 AWG
wire, or 0.025” Square post headers 0.016 to 0.028 inches diameter (0.4 to
0.7mm diameter)
Backing: Peelable adhesive tape for attaching to a surface. Metal back
plates provided with 1660 tie point breadboards.
Metal Back Plate Thickness: 0.031 inches (0.8mm)
Resistors