36.

74: a) Recall that the expression for the amplitude of a traveling wave is cos
( kx  t ). Thus each source can be thought of as a traveling wave evaluated at x  R
with a maximum amplitude of E 0 . However, each successive source will pick up an
 d sin  
extra phase from its respective pathlength to point P .   2   which is just
 λ 
2 , the maximum phase, scaled by whatever fraction the path difference, d sin  , is of
the wavelength, λ. By adding up the contributions from each source (including the
accumulating phase difference) this gives the expression provided.
b)  e i ( kRt  n )  cos(kR  t  n )  i sin(kR  t  n ).
The real part is just cos (kR  t  n ).
 N 1 i ( kR ωt  n ) 
N 1
So Re  E0 e   E0 cos(kR  ωt  n ).

 n 0  n 0
(Note: Re means “the real part of . . ..”)
but this is just E 0 cos(kR  t   )  E 0 cos(kR  t   )  E 0 cos(kR  t  2 ) 
. . .  E 0 cos( kR  t  ( N  1) ).
N 1 N 1 N 1
c)   E 0 e  e it e ikR e in  E0 e i ( kR t ) e
i ( kR t  n ) in
 E0 .
n 0 n 0 n 0
 N 1 N 1
xN 1
but  e in   (e i ) n . But recall  x n 
n 0 n0 n0 x 1
.
iN iN iN
iN  
N 1
e 1 e iN  1 e 2 (e 2  e 2 )
Let x  e so  (e ) 
i i n
(nice trick!). But i    
e i 1

e 1 i2 i2
i
n 0
e (e  e )
2

iN  iN 


i ( N 1) 2 (e 2
e 2
)
e . 
i2 i 2

(e  e )
Putting everything together:
iN  
iN 2
N 1 
(e 2
e )
E   E0 e i ( kR t  n ) i ( kR t ( N 1) 2 )
 E0 e 
i2

i 2
n0 (e  e )
 cos N2  i sin N2  cos N2  i sin N2 
 E0  cos(kR  t  n )  i sin(kR  t  n )      
 cos 2  i sin 2  cos 2  i sin 2 
sin ( N 2 )
Taking only the real part gives  E 0 cos( kR  t  n ) 
 E.
sin 2

2 sin 2 ( N 2 )
d)  I  E ave  I 0 2 
. (The cos 2 term goes to 1
2 in the time average and is
sin ( ) 2

E 02
included in the definition of I 0 .) I 0  .
2
 sin 2 (2 2 ) I 0 (2 sin 2 cos 2 ) 2 
e)  N  2. I  I 0 
  4 I 0 cos 2 . Looking at Eq. 37-10,
sin 2 2 sin 2 2 2
E02 I 0
I 0  2 E02 but for us I 0us   .
2 4