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Matter

By Dylan K.C. Lalata


What is Matter?
Matter is a physical substance in general, as distinct from
mind and spirit.

- (in physics) - matter occupies space and possess rest


mass, especially as distinct from energy.
States of Matter:
- Condensates

- Liquid form of condensation.

- Solids

- Firm and stable in shape; Has three dimensions

- Liquids

- A substance that flows freely but is of constant, having a consistency like that of water or oil.

-Gases

- a substance or matter in a state in which it will expand freely to fill the whole of a container, having no fixed
shape (unlike a solid) and no fixed volume (unlike a liquid).

- Plasma

-To put it very simply, a plasma is an ionized gas, a gas into which sufficient energy is provided to free electrons
from atoms or molecules and to allow both species, ions and electrons, to coexist.
Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter
- Physical Properties
- Physical Properties: Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the
composition of matter. Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter. Physical
properties include: appearance, texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling point, density,
solubility, polarity, and many others.

- Chemical Properties

- Chemical properties are properties that can be measured or observed only when matter
undergoes a change to become an entirely different kind of matter. They include reactivity, flammability,
and the ability to rust. Reactivity is the ability of matter to react chemically with other substances.
How matter changes Chemically and physically.
- Chemical changes
- You added enough energy to create a phase change from solid to liquid. Physical actions,
such as changing temperature or pressure, can cause physical changes. No chemical
changes took place when you melted the ice. The water molecules are still water molecules.

- Physical changes

- You added enough energy to create a phase change from solid to liquid. Physical actions,
such as changing temperature or pressure, can cause physical changes. No chemical changes took
place when you melted the ice. The water molecules are still water molecules.
Elements that make up Matter.
Solids, liquids, gases, and plasma are all matter. When all
atoms that make up a substance are the same, then that
substance is an element. Elements are made of only one kind
of atom. Because of this, elements are called "pure"
substances.
Atoms that make up Matter.
Everything in the universe (except energy) is made of matter,
and, so, everything in the universe is made of atoms. An atom
itself is made up of three tiny kinds of particles called
subatomic particles: protons,neutrons, and electrons.
Molecules that make up Matter.
Matter is made up of extremely tiny particles called atoms
and molecules. Atoms and molecules make up the three
common states of matter on Earth—solids, liquids, and
gases. The particles of a liquid are attracted to one another,
are in motion, and are able to move past one another.
Atoms and Subatomic Particles.
Subatomic Particles

- a particle smaller than an atom (e.g., a neutron) or a cluster of such particles


(e.g., an alpha particle).

Atoms

- The basic unit of a chemical element.


the basic unit of a chemical element.
● atoms as a source of nuclear energy.

the basic unit of a chemical element.


● atoms as a source of nuclear energy.
the basic unit of a chemical element.
Diagram
Examples
Example: Matter changing state
Phase changes include vaporization, condensation, melting,
freezing, sublimation, and deposition. Evaporation, a type of
vaporization, occurs when particles of a liquid reach a high
enough energy to leave the surface of the liquid and change
into the gas state. An example of evaporation is a puddle of
water drying out.
Examples of Matter
Examples: water, oil, blood, lava, soft drinks. Gases are
amounts of matter where the bonds between the constituting
elements (molecules, atoms) are so loose or weak that they
can move independently from each other.
Pure Substance
● Examples of pure substances include tin, sulfur, diamond,
water, pure sugar (sucrose), table salt(sodium chloride)
and baking soda (sodium bicarbonate). ...
● Tin, sulfur, and diamond are examples of pure substances
which are chemical elements.
Periodic Table
The organization of the periodic table can be used to derive relationships between
the various elements properties, and also to predict chemical properties and
behaviours of undiscovered or newly synthesized elements.
What law of conservation is.
The law of conservation of matter states that matter cannot
be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. For example
when wood grow then the mass soots, ashes, and gases,
equals the original mass of the charcoal and the oxygen
when it first reacted.

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