University of Abertay Dundee

Guide to Harvard Referencing

2009
Introduction ........................................................................................................... 4
What is Harvard referencing? .............................................................................. 4
What is the difference between a bibliography and a list of references? ........ 5
What is a bibliography? .................................................................................... 5
What is the reference list? ................................................................................ 5
Citing references in-text ....................................................................................... 6
How do I cite references in-text? ..................................................................... 6
General advice on in-text citation .................................................................... 6
Quoting directly from the book, journal or website ....................................... 7
Paraphrasing (rewriting what has been said in the book, journal or
website) .............................................................................................................. 7
General advice on the reference list (and bibliography) ................................... 8
Referencing books ................................................................................................ 9
What information do I need to include? .......................................................... 9
Electronic books ............................................................................................. 10
Chapters in books ........................................................................................... 10
Referencing journals .......................................................................................... 11
What information do I need to include? ........................................................ 11
Formatting titles .............................................................................................. 11
Formatting volume, issue, page numbers..................................................... 12
In press articles ............................................................................................... 12
Referencing Web information ............................................................................ 13
Entire website .................................................................................................. 13
Specific document on a website .................................................................... 13
Referencing images ............................................................................................ 14
Citing images in text ....................................................................................... 14
Images in your list of references ................................................................... 14
Examples.......................................................................................................... 14
Referencing secondary sources........................................................................ 15
Citing secondary references in text. .............................................................. 15
Secondary references in your list of references .......................................... 15
Examples of other materials .............................................................................. 16
Audio materials ............................................................................................... 16
Blogs ................................................................................................................ 16
British Standards ............................................................................................ 16
Company accounts ......................................................................................... 16
Computer Games ............................................................................................ 16
Computer software .......................................................................................... 17
Conference Papers - published...................................................................... 17
Conference Papers - unpublished ................................................................. 18
DVD extras ....................................................................................................... 18
Emails and Letters .......................................................................................... 18
Films ................................................................................................................. 18
Forewords ........................................................................................................ 19
Interviews – unpublished................................................................................ 19
Lecture notes ................................................................................................... 19
Newspaper articles .......................................................................................... 20
Patents ............................................................................................................. 20
Personal communications e.g. lecture notes, emails and letters ............... 20
Podcasts .......................................................................................................... 20
Policy documents ............................................................................................ 21
2
Sacred Texts .................................................................................................... 21
Statutes or Acts ............................................................................................... 21
Television advertisements.............................................................................. 21
Theses .............................................................................................................. 21
TV and radio recordings ................................................................................. 22
Wikis ................................................................................................................. 22
YouTube videos ............................................................................................... 22
Referencing – examples of the main types ................................................... 23

3
 Introduction

This booklet will give you examples of the most common types of referencing you will
come across. Most programmes and modules will require you to use the Harvard
system. However if you are taking psychology modules, you will need to use the
APA (American Psychological Association) style, and law also has a separate style.
You will normally be shown these styles in class, either by your subject tutor, or by a
librarian.

There are many more examples in the Blackboard course Information Literacy
(Library and IT Skills) to which all students and staff have automatic access from
the University Portal and from the Library web pages. This is available on and off
campus.

If you don’t see an example of what you need to reference in this booklet, or in the
Blackboard course, ask for help at the Enquiry Desk on level 1 of the Library

What is Harvard referencing?

The Harvard System of referencing (sometimes referred to as the Name and Date
system), is just one of several different methods and styles of referencing material.
The University has adopted the Harvard System described in BS 5605 and BS 1629
as the 'house style', and it should be used in course works, essays and projects,
reading lists and other University publications.

In the Harvard System the author's name and year of publication are given in the text
of the document in round brackets, e.g. (Smith 1999). This is called 'citing in-text'
and there is more information elsewhere in this booklet.

Full bibliographic details of each reference are then given in a list of references and
possibly a bibliography at the end of the document. For example:

Adams, B. 1999. The importance of good referencing. Chicago: Random House

Brown, D.B. 2001. How to compile the perfect bibliography. New York: Routledge

If you are interested in using EndNote reference management software to store your
references and create reference lists automatically, contact infodesk@abertay.ac.uk

4
 What is the difference between a bibliography and a list of
references?

All your written work should have a list of references, and major pieces of work may
also require a full bibliography. Your tutor will tell you whether a bibliography is
required.

The Harvard system requires that your references are listed in alphabetical order
by author, and in the same line. The layout is the same for both reference list and
bibliography.

What is a bibliography?

A bibliography is a list, which includes the references, but may also contain details of
other documents you have consulted but have not mentioned directly in your work.

More than anything, listing your references gives anyone reading your work the
option to read more on the subject. It also reassures your lecturers that you've read
up on the subject and have applied that knowledge to your work.

What is the reference list?

A list of references refers to the documents, e.g. books, journals and web pages,
which have been referred to and quoted from in writing the report or coursework.

Every document, electronic or paper, that you use should be included. Anything you
have cited in text should appear in your reference list, and everything in your
reference list should be cited in text.

Handy tip

Write your reference first, as that requires you to identify author, title, date etc. Then
it is easy to identify the information you require for the in-text citation.

Example
In text:

According to Adams (1999) learning to reference correctly is good academic

practice…

or

“correct referencing is essential if you are to succeed in academic study” (Adams

1999, p. 123)

In the reference list

Adams, B. 1999. The importance of good referencing. Chicago: Random House

5
 Citing references in-text

Whenever you use information from a journal, book or website when you are writing
a report or essay, it is vital that you cite the material within your work in addition to
providing a list of references at the end.

How do I cite references in-text?

You need to include the author or creator’s surname and the date of publication (in
brackets). If you are quoting the exact words then you should include the page
number too. It may also be helpful to include a page number even if not quoting
directly e.g. referring to a chart or graph. These then link to the full references in your
list at the end of your document.

General advice on in-text citation

• If you are quoting from a website it may not be possible to give a page
number, but you may be able to give a paragraph number or similar to help
pinpoint your quotation.
• The author’s name must be the same as you use in the full reference you
include at the end of your document.
• Personal authors – use the surname(s) only e.g. (Black 2001, p.25) (Ross and
Gordon 2000, p. 256)
• Multiple authors – up to 3 e.g. (Brown, Green and White 2004, p. 334)
• Multiple authors – 4 or more authors include the first then ‘et al.’ e.g.
(Hamilton et al. 2002, p. 325)
• Corporate authors – include the full name e.g. (University of Abertay Dundee
2005, p. 6) – not abbreviated.
• Missing authors – if you have decided to use Anon. in your full reference, then
you must include this in your in-text citation e.g. (Anon. 1896, p. 56) - but
before using Anon check whether there might be a corporate author
responsible for the work.
• Missing date – either (Smith [No date]) or (Smith [2002?])
• If you have more than one reference by the same author(s) and they have the
same date of publication, use 'a' for the first, 'b' for the second, etc. e.g.
(Smith 1993a) (Smith 1993b)
• If you have more than one reference by the same author(s) and they have
different dates of publication, arrange them chronologically, separated by a
comma e.g. Homelessness was shown to have increased as a result of the
change in legislation (Williams, 1991, 1994).
• You may want to include reference to several authors' works in an in-text
citation. You can do this by including them all in the same brackets e.g. (Smith
1993; Williams 1991)

6
Quoting directly from the book, journal or website

Direct quotations from a document should be in quotation marks. e.g.

Perhaps artists need to feel politically motivated against oppressive regimes in order
to etch their identity clearly against a social and political reality they deplore. After all,
“In a dark time, the eye begins to see” (Roethke 1966, p.239).

If it is a long quotation, and you want to leave out part of it, you can replace the
words omitted with …

“The Simpsons overshadows most every other television program in its biting satire
of American life. The show appeals to children and adults alike…” (Kubey 2004,
p.137)

Paraphrasing (rewriting what has been said in the book, journal or

website)

• Historically, periods of famine, and carbohydrate and protein malnutrition,

have been associated with significant increases in crime and violence (Anon.
1981).
• …the market for all types of reduced-calorie foods was estimated at £1.5
billion in 1994 (Economist Intelligence Unit 1994).
• By using a mathematical model (Bilbrey and Rawls, 1968), we could project…
• Nevertheless, Lautenbach (2001) presents an array of evidence that
handwashing by all health care workers is performed at very low rates. In the
11 studies reviewed, rates of handwashing ranged from 16 to 81 percent; only
two studies noted compliance levels above 50 percent.
• Fine and Wright (1991) discuss the failings of current health education models
which are based on the concept of the ‘trickle down’ of nutritional information.
• Bilbrey et al. (1968) developed a technique for…
• Several theories have been proposed for measuring soil water potential
(Adcock, 1988; Bilbrey and Rawls, 1968ab; Dobbins, 1981; Ferguson and
Fox, 1979; Fox, 1991: Lennon et al, 1992; Watson et al, 1985). These
theories allow for…
• Smith (1958), Brown (1964) and Jones (1992) all believe that…

Handy tip

Remove your in text citation – does your sentence still make sense? This might help
you decide whether you need to include name and date or just date in brackets.

7
 General advice on the reference list (and bibliography)

• Your reference list should be arranged A-Z by author

• In the reference you write the surname or family name first, followed by initials
for the first or given names. e.g. Moran, J., Hull, V. and Wheeler, D.
• If the author has more than one first name, e.g. John Adam Michael Johnson,
you would initialise them all, i.e. Johnson, J.A.M.
• Multiple authors are linked with and not &.
• If there is no author you need to use Anon. e.g. Anon. 2001.
• If there are one, two or three authors you must write them all out e.g.
Moran, J., Hull, V. and Wheeler, D.
• If there are four or more authors you can write the first one followed by ‘et
al’. ‘et al’ is short for the Latin ‘et alii’ meaning and others e.g. Smith, J., et al.
• Anything produced by an organisation is referred to as having a 'corporate
author' e.g. BBC, University of Abertay Dundee, Royal College of Nursing,
Food Standards Agency.
• If the author is a government department it is necessary to add the prefix
'Great Britain' because many countries, including the USA, have government
departments with the same names, e.g. Great Britain. Department of the
Environment. 1990. This common inheritance: Britain's environmental
strategy. (Cm 1200). London: HMSO.
• If a book has an editor or editors, use the abbreviation ed. (singular) or eds.
(plural) after the name
• If you cannot find the year the item was published, use 'No date' in square
brackets
• If an item has more than one place of publication, use the first place
mentioned
• Use a town or city as place of publication, not a country. If it is a town or city in
the USA, add the abbreviation for the state e.g. Boston, MA. This information
can usually be found on the reverse of the title page of a book.

8
 Referencing books

What information do I need to include?

• Author(s) or editor(s). If a book has an editor rather than an author this should
be quite clear from the title page, where the words editor(s) or edited by
should appear beside the person’s name
• Year of publication
• Title in italics. The first word of a book title is always put in capitals, with each
of the following words written in lower case - unless a proper noun is used,
(e.g. Scotland, Microsoft, Tony Blair)
• Edition number, if it is a 2nd ed., 3rd ed. etc. or if it is a revised edition Rev.
ed. Only mention the edition if it is clearly stated on the document
• Place of publication. It is not necessary to include a place of publication for e-
books
• Publisher

Ham, C. et al. 1992. Health policy in Britain: the politics and organisation of the
National Health Service. 3rd ed. London: Macmillan

Farrow, N., Last, B. and Pratt, V. eds. 1990. An English library. 6th ed. Aldershot:
Gower in Association with Book Trust

Smith, P.B. [No date] Waulking cloth in the Scottish Highlands: songs and chants.
Edinburgh: Henderson and Black

9
Electronic books

You need to add:

• Type of medium in square brackets, e.g. [online]

• Available from: the URL of the book
• Accessed date, in square brackets. e.g. [Accessed 30 June 2002] This
indicates the exact date you viewed the document. As Web pages undergo
regular revision, it is important to record this in order to verify your reference.

Biddle, S. J. H. 2000. Physical activity and psychological well-being. Routledge.

[online]. Available from: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/abertay/Doc?id=10070646&ppg=2
[Accessed 27 January 2007]

Great Britain. Scottish Office. Department of Health. 1996. Eating for health: a diet
action plan for Scotland. Scottish Office Department of Health. [online].Available
from: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/library/documents/diet-00.htm [Accessed 20 July
2002]

Walklate, S. 2004. Gender, crime and criminal justice. 2nd ed. Willan. [online]
Available from: http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=eExkfDiHdNwC . [Accessed 7
May 2009]

Chapters in books

You need to add :

• Author(s) of the individual chapter/article

• Publication date of the individual chapter/article (this may be the same as
the book date)
• Title of the chapter/article
• In: Editor(s) of the book
• Title of the book in italics
• Inclusive page numbers

Chapter Chapter Chapter Book

authors date title editors

Silverman, B. and Weintraub, L. 1984. The high risk infant. In: J. Howe and M.E.
Armstrong, eds. The handbook of nursing. New York: Wiley. 1994, pp.223-252

Chapter
Book title pages

10
 Referencing journals

What information do I need to include?

• Author(s) of the article

• Year of publication
• Title of the article
• Title of the journal (not abbreviated), in italics; capitalise each keyword in a
journal title, not just the first word
• Volume number
• Part or issue number, or month of publication
• Inclusive page numbers

Article Article Journal Volume and issue

author title title

Ray, S.L. 2006. Whistleblowing and organizational ethics. Nursing Ethics. 13(4), pp.
438- 445.

Formatting titles

Capitalisation - Journal articles

The first letter of the first word of a journal article is capitalised, with each of the
following words written in lower case - unless a proper noun is used, (e.g. Scotland,
Microsoft, Tony Blair)

Capitalisation - Journal titles

Every keyword in the title of a journal is capitalised except words like 'and', 'of', 'for',
which are not keywords. 'The' would be capitalised only if it is the first word of the
journal title.

Italics

The journal title is always written in italics

Tsai, S.L. 2000. Nurses' participation and utilization of research in the Republic of
China. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 37(5): pp.435-444.

Handy tip

If you are having difficulty distinguishing between article and journal titles - article
titles tend to be longer and much more detailed than journal titles, and contain
specialised terminology.

11
Formatting volume, issue, page numbers

• Do not include the word 'volume'

• Issue or part number appears as a number in brackets. If there is no number
you can include a month or other description e.g. 'Jan.', 'Spring'
• Page numbers - include all, preceded by 'p.' (single page) or 'pp.' (multiple
pages)

Volume and issue

Morrow, D. G., et al. 1998. Older and younger adult memory for health appointment
information: implications for automated telephone messaging design. Journal of
Experimental Psychology: Applied. 4(4): pp.352-374.

In press articles

Articles in press are generally those which have been accepted for publication, but
may still have some corrections and/or formatting made before final publication.

Because there are no volume, issue or part numbers provided you have to reference
these slightly differently from normal online articles.

Instead of a year of publication, use [in press]

Jones, A. and Woods, D.R. [in press] Skeletal muscle RAS and exercise
performance. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology [online].
Available from: doi:10.1016/S1357-2725(02)00342-4 [Accessed 26 February 2003]

12
 Referencing Web information

When you write a reference for a website, just as for a book or journal article, you
have to ensure that you record enough information to enable someone to identify
and find the website you have used. You need:

• Author(s) or creator(s) of the document or web page.

• Date of publication. This often appears in the copyright statement at the foot
of the document so could be the current year. However, specific documents
on a website may have their own publication dates.
• Document title. If you are referencing the home page of an organisation and
the page does not have an obvious title, then you can leave it out
• Type of medium in square brackets, e.g. [online].
• Publisher may be omitted if the same as the author.
• Available from: URL, e.g. Available from: http://www.defra.gov.uk/
• Date of access in square brackets.

Entire website

Sport England. 2007. [online]. Available from: http://www.sportengland.org/

[Accessed 26 September 2007].

Specific document on a website

Scottish Parliament. Information Centre. 2002. Sport policy in Scotland. [online].

Available from:
http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/research/pdf_res_brief/sb02-65.pdf
[Accessed 26 September 2007].

Sinai, Y. 2001. Effective bug tracking. [online]. GameDev.Net. Available from:

http://www.gamedev.net/reference/articles/article1593.asp [Accessed 23 September
2002]

New Automotive Innovation and Growth Team. 2009. An independent report on the
future of the automotive industry in the UK. [Online] Available from:
http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file51139.pdf . [Accessed 8 May 2009]

Citing in text

Follow the same rules as for any document i.e. author and date – not a URL.

The New Automotive Innovation and Growth Team (2009) recommended that …

“The strategy makes a distinction between informal sport (community recreation) and
formalised, structured sport (sports development)” (Scottish Parliament. Information
Centre 2002, p.6)

13
 Referencing images

All illustrations, photographs, maps, diagrams and graphics including those

downloaded from the Internet should be referenced and cited in text.

Citing images in text

Put your citation directly above, under or next to the image. You need to include:

• Title or caption of the image

• Author’s family name (artist/originator/photographer)
• Year of publication or [no date]
• Page number

Goats in the Spanish heartland (Quick 2006, p15)

Bacterial blight on cassava (Shaw 2009)

Images in your list of references

If the image comes from a book, just give the full book reference – your in-text
citation should include the page where the image itself may be located (e.g. the
above image ‘Goats in the Spanish heartland’ is found on p15 of the following title):
Quick, A. 2006. Travels with my father. Cupar: Imaginary Press

For other image references, you need to include:

• Artist/Originator/Photographer
• Year or [no date]
• Title of work (in italics)
• Medium/Material type [in square brackets] e.g. illustration, map, table,
engraving, photograph, online image
• Location or place of publication (including catalogue number if relevant)
• Publisher (if appropriate)
• If an online image, include Available from: and the URL and [Accessed date]

Examples

Rosetti, D.G.1871. Dante's dream on the death of Beatrice. [Oil on canvas].

Liverpool: Walker Art Gallery. Accession Number WAG3091.

Wilson, A. c.1890. The Overgate, Dundee. [Photograph]. Dundee: Dundee City

Council, Central Library, Photographic Collection.

Shaw, M. 2009. Bacterial blight on cassava. [Online image]. Reading: University of

Reading. Available from:
http://bio.ltsn.ac.uk/imagebank/search/ImageDesc.aspx?IDvalues=3172 [Accessed
28 May 2009]

14
 Referencing secondary sources

Often, when reading books and journals, you will find authors quoting from, or
making reference to another author's work. If at all possible you should try and read
the original material, but if that is not possible, make sure you mention both the
original and secondary source in your text and in your reference list.

Citing secondary references in text.

You can make reference to the secondary source in the text of your document, as
long as you remember to provide details of both sources; the one you are referring to
and the one you consulted. To indicate that the secondary source was referred to in
the original work, you can use either of the phrases - Cited in: or Quoted in:

Cited in means that information from the secondary source is referred to; quoted in
means that there is a quotation from the secondary source included.

A study by Rowden (1987, quoted in Last 1992, p.673) showed that...

or

"The pressures of nursing cannot be understood until you have a full understanding
of the extended role that the nurse now plays in healthcare" (Rowden 1987, p.516,
cited in Last 1992, p.673)

Secondary references in your list of references

Book title italicised

Fenton, A. 1999. Scottish country life. East Linton: Tuckwell Press Ltd. Quoted in:
M.C. Steven. 2003. The good Scots diet. Glendaruel: Argyll Publishing

Rowden, R. 1987. The extended role of the nurse. Nursing 3(14): pp.516-517. Cited
in: T. Last, 1992. Extended role of the nurse in ICU. British Journal of Nursing 1(13):
pp.672-675.
Journal title italicised

15
 Examples of other materials

Audio materials

The Cure. 1989. Disintegration. [sound recording]. London: Fiction Records

Mozart, W.A. [no date]. Symphony no. 38 in D major. [sound recording]. London:
Polydor

Blogs

Ryan, A. 18 December 2007. Killala windfarm causing a storm. [online]. National

Wind Watch. Available from: http://www.wind-watch.org/news/ [Accessed 18
December 2007]

Citing in-text:

Controversy over windfarms remains a live issue. Ryan (2007) reports that...

British Standards

British Standards Institution. 1990. BS 5605:1990, Recommendations for citing and

referencing published material. London: BSI.

British Standards Institution. 1993. BS 6068-6.11:1993, ISO 5667-11:1993, Water

quality: sampling: guidance on sampling of groundwaters. London: BSI.

Company accounts

Tesco PLC. 2001. Annual report and accounts. London: Tesco PLC.

Boots Group PLC. 2002. Annual report and accounts. Nottingham: Boots Group PLC

Computer Games

You will find most if not all, the information you need written on the disk/cartridge,
usually after the copyright declarations. If you can't find it there, look at the credits at
the end of the manual. If you still cannot find the name of the developer use Anon.

Gearbox Software. 2001. Half-life. [Disk]. Sony Playstation 2. Sierra Studios.

16
Computer software

National Instruments Corporation. 2002. LabVIEW [software] Version 6.0. Available

on CD ROM. Austin, Texas: National Instruments Corporation

Conference Papers - published

When you reference a conference, always write down the location, date and title of
the conference as well as the details of the individual paper.

Conference proceedings: complete with editors

Anderson, J.S., Roberts, M.W. and Stone, F.S. eds. 1972. Reactivity of Solids:
Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on the Reactivity of Solids,
Bristol, 17-21 July. London: Chapman and Hall

Conference proceedings: complete, without editors

International Conference on Software Engineering. 2000. ICSE 2000: Proceedings of

the 22nd International Conference on Software Engineering, June 4-11, Limerick,
Ireland. New York: ACM Press.

Individual paper within edited conference proceedings

Silver, K., et al. 1991. Electronic mail: the new way to communicate. In: D.I. Raitt, ed.
9th International Online Information Meeting, London 3-5 December 1990. Oxford:
Learned Information. pp.323-330

Individual paper published online

Mao, X., Li, Z. and Xue, Y. 2009. Emotional gaze behaviour generation in human-
agent interaction. In: Proceedings of the 27th International Conference Extended
Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Boston April 4-9 2009. New
York: ACM. pp.3691-3696. [Online]. Available from:
http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1520340.1520556&coll=ACM&dl=ACM&CFID=3
9781544&CFTOKEN=66560976 [Accessed 9 June 2009]

17
Conference Papers - unpublished

If you want to cite a paper that was presented at a conference but is currently not in
print, you would use the following guidelines.

Bundy, A. 2002. The university library as an educational change agent: an Australian

perspective. Paper presented at: OECD Seminar on Universities and Libraries,
Paris, 26-27 August.

DVD extras

The art of Spirited Away. 2003. [DVD extra]. Directed by Brent Zacky. Burbank, CA:
Buena Vista Home Video

Citing in-text:

Extras which offer mere company promotion (e.g. Zacky 2003) fail to satisfy today's
sophisticated viewer...

Emails and Letters

All emails and letters are considered 'personal communications', and as such, are
not listed in the final list of references (as they are untraceable), although you can
refer to them within the body of your coursework.

If they are cited in the text of your report, you need to:

§ Give the communicator's surname and initials

§ Include the phrase pers. comm. in the textual reference
§ Give the exact date of the communication

According to an email received from Tim Jones of Network Rail, discussions about
safety on the railways is already taking place (Jones, T. 2004. pers. comm., 5 March)

or

In a letter received from Peter Simon, a sales director at PC Globe, on 5 March

2004, it was suggested that unless UK companies improved their products, an
increase in market share was unlikely.

Films

You need to include reference to the film title, year, material type (e.g. film), director,
and production details.

For production details, put the location and the name of production organisation.

18
Chicken run. 2000. Animated Film. Directed by Peter Lord and Nick Park. Bristol:
Aardman.

Forewords

Many books contain a 'Foreword' which is written by someone other than the author,
usually an eminent person in the field. You can cite from the 'Foreword' in your
coursework, using the same methods used to cite a chapter from a book.

Zimrig, F. E. 1988. Foreword. In: J.B. Jacobs, ed. Drunk driving: an American
dilemma. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1989, pp.1-4

Citing in text

"Discerning the causes of 'drink driving' in the United States is not as easy as you
might think, and the findings are not always obvious" (Zimrig 1988, p.3)

Interviews – unpublished

King, B. 1996. Interview by the author. University of Abertay Dundee, 15 July

Lecture notes

All notes taken by a student at a lecture / tutorial are considered 'personal

communications', and are not listed in the final list of references (as they are
untraceable), although you can refer to them within the body of your coursework.

According to a personal source, discussions about safety on the railways is already

taking place (Campbell, I.T. 2000. pers. comm., 5 March)

In a lecture for Transport Policy (TRP 205), presented on 5 March 2000 at the
University of Abertay Dundee, I.T. Campbell suggested...

19
Newspaper articles

Woolf, M. 2003. Liberal democrats select Hughes to stand in election for London's
Mayor. The Independent [online] Mar 6:p.5. Available from: Proquest Newspapers on
the World Wide Web:
http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?Did=000000301030261&Fmt=3&Deli=1&Mtd=1&Id
x=8&Sid=9&RQT=309 [Accessed 13 March 2003]

Citing in-text:

Not everyone believes it is a one-horse race. According to the Liberal Democrat

Simon Hughes, "We can overtake the Tories and beat the incumbent Mayor. He is
no longer the folk hero returning from exile. He is the very present politician who will
have a record we believe we can take him on over." (Woolf 2003, p.5)

Patents

Wetting, W. 1995. Fluke board variant of surf board - has extension in shape of lobe
of dolphin's tail attached by joint to underside of board. DE4412911-A1
Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. 1999. Disposable shoe cover. BG2353691

Personal communications e.g. lecture notes, emails and letters

See Emails

Podcasts

University of Aberdeen, Library and Historic Collections. 2007. Using the self-issue
and return machines. [podcast]. University of Aberdeen. Available from:
http://www.abdn.ac.uk/library/audiopods.shtml/facilities [Accessed 19 December
2007].

Myers, B. 2007. Check up cholesterol. [podcast]. Medical Matters. BBC Radio 4. Dec
13. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio/podcasts/medmatters/ [Accessed 19
December 2007]

Citing in text

According to Myers (2007), monthly cholesterol checks should be undertaken,

especially where there is a family history...

20
Policy documents

The author is quite likely to be a corporate author - an organisation or body rather

than an individual person or persons.

Physical Activity Task Force. 2002. Let's make Scotland more active: a strategy for
physical activity - a consultation. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive

Sacred Texts

Bible

Luke 6: 20-26, King James Version of the Bible

Qur'an

Qur'an 9:11

Statutes or Acts

Freedom of Information Act 2000 c.36. [online] Available from:

http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2000/ukpga_20000036_en_1. [Accessed 31
January 2008].

To cite an Act in text use the name of the Act:

(Freedom of Information (Scotland) Act 2002)

To cite a specific section of the Act in text use the name of the Act: and follow
with s and the section number:

(Freedom of Information (Scotland) Act 2002 s3)

Television advertisements

Coca Cola. 2006. Santa handing bottles of coke to a girl every year at Christmas
until she turns into a woman. [television advertisement]. ITV3. Screened 01/12/2006-
25/12/2006.

Theses

McDougall, K. 1997. Exothermic co-composting of sewage solids cake. [M.Phil.

thesis]. University of Abertay Dundee.

21
TV and radio recordings

Paxman, J. 2001. Start the week. [radio broadcast]. BBC Radio 4. Feb 12. 2130 hrs

Harrington, M. 2001. Interview with Derek Cooper. In: The food programme. [radio
broadcast]. BBC Radio 4. Mar 4. 1630 hrs.

Cleese, J. 2001. The human face. [television broadcast]. BBC1. Mar 21. 2100 hrs.

Peters, C. 1997. Shop till you drop. [videorecording of television broadcast].

MacDougall-Craig for Channel 4. Date of original broadcast unknown.

Wikis

Pacione, M. 2007. IT facilities & labs. [online]. University of Abertay Dundee wiki,
Programme Executives: CCT. Available from:
http://wiki.abertay.ac.uk/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=5374229 [Accessed 18
December 2007]

Citing in text

Access to specialist software remains a hot topic, as is noted by Pacione (2007)...

YouTube videos

De Montfort University. 2007. De Montfort University Library induction video. [online].

YouTube. Available from: http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=UpGDWaxiq4A [Accessed
18 December 2007]

Burnellyow. 2007. Nora: practice makes perfect. [online]. YouTube. Available from:
http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=TZ860P4iTaM [Accessed 18 December 2007]

Citing in text

Cats have a strange affinity with pianos, as demonstrated in the footage of Nora
(Burnellyow 2007) which has become cult viewing...

22
Referencing – examples of the main types

For examples of other materials, see pages 16-22 of this guide, and for examples of in text citation see pages 6-7.
Also see the Blackboard course Information Literacy (Library and IT Skills)

Books Adams, B. 1999. The importance of good referencing. Chicago: Random House
Ham, C. et al. 1992. Health policy in Britain: the politics and organisation of the National Health
Service. 3rd ed. London: Macmillan
Farrow, N., Last, B. and Pratt, V. eds. 1990. An English library. 6th ed. Aldershot: Gower in
Association with Book Trust
Electronic books Biddle, S. J. H. 2000. Physical activity and psychological well-being. Routledge. [online]. Available
from: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/abertay/Doc?id=10070646&ppg=2 [Accessed 27 January 2007]
Great Britain. Scottish Office. Department of Health. 1996. Eating for health: a diet action plan for
Scotland. Scottish Office Department of Health. [online].Available from:
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/library/documents/diet-00.htm [Accessed 20 July 2002]
Walklate, S. 2004. Gender, crime and criminal justice. 2nd ed. Willan. [online] Available from:
http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=eExkfDiHdNwC . [Accessed 7 May 2009]
Book chapter Silverman, B. and Weintraub, L. 1984. The high risk infant. In: J. Howe and M.E. Armstrong, eds. The
handbook of nursing. New York: Wiley. 1994, pp.223-252
Journals (print or Tsai, S.L. 2000. Nurses' participation and utilization of research in the Republic of China. International
electronic) Journal of Nursing Studies. 37(5): pp.435-444.
Journals (in press Jones, A. and Woods, D.R. [in press] Skeletal muscle RAS and exercise performance. The
articles) International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology [online]. Available from: doi:10.1016/S1357-
2725(02)00342-4 [Accessed 26 February 2003]
Website Sport England. 2007. [online]. Available from: http://www.sportengland.org/ [Accessed 26 September
2007].
Web document Scottish Parliament. Information Centre. 2002. Sport policy in Scotland. [online]. Available from:
http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/research/pdf_res_brief/sb02-65.pdf [Accessed 26
September 2007].
Sinai, Y. 2001. Effective bug tracking. [online]. GameDev.Net. Available from:
http://www.gamedev.net/reference/articles/article1593.asp [Accessed 23 September 2002]
New Automotive Innovation and Growth Team. 2009. An independent report on the future of the
automotive industry in the UK. [Online] Available from: http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file51139.pdf .
[Accessed 8 May 2009]
Images Rosetti, D.G.1871. Dante's dream on the death of Beatrice. [Oil on canvas]. Liverpool: Walker Art
Gallery. Accession Number WAG3091.
Wilson, A. c.1890. The Overgate, Dundee. [Photograph]. Dundee: Dundee City Council, Central
Library, Photographic Collection.
Shaw, M. 2009. Bacterial blight on cassava. [Online image]. Reading: University of Reading. Available
from: http://bio.ltsn.ac.uk/imagebank/search/ImageDesc.aspx?IDvalues=3172 [Accessed 28 May
2009]
Secondary sources Fenton, A. 1999. Scottish country life. East Linton: Tuckwell Press Ltd. Quoted in: M.C. Steven. 2003.
The good Scots diet. Glendaruel: Argyll Publishing
Rowden, R. 1987. The extended role of the nurse. Nursing 3(14): pp.516-517. Cited in: T. Last, 1992.
Extended role of the nurse in ICU. British Journal of Nursing 1(13): pp.672-675.
For examples of other materials, see pages 16-22 of this guide, and for examples of in text citation see pages 6-7 of.
Also see the Blackboard course Information Literacy (Library and IT Skills)
Further advice from the Library Enquiry Desk

24