1.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1 Experimental Design

This study was designed to investigate the electrical resistivity of Type 1 cement concrete

with varying amounts of ceramic tiles as partial fine aggregates. There will be threeThree

samples for threewith different amounts of ceramic tiles used as partial aggregates, and another

another three samplethree for a control mix with no replacement of fine aggregates will be

obtained. All the specimens will be cured for 28 days and will be subjected exposed to seawater

exposure for 30 days. Electrical resistivity will be measured through DC electrical resistivity test

at two different voltages.

3.2 Materials

The concrete will be composed of type 1 cement, sand, gravel, ceramic tiles as partial

fine aggregates, and water. The concrete mold that will be used is 4x8 inch which will be

provided in the laboratory. A concrete cutter will also be usedutilized. Multimeter and steel plates

will be used to do employed for the main the test itself. The seawater will be gathered collected

in Batangas, Laguna.

3.3 Preparation of the Concrete

 Figure 3.1 Flow Chart of Concrete Preparation

3.3.1 Concrete Mix Proportions

Based on the ACI mix design the The amount of cement, coarse aggregates, fine

aggregates by mass, and the volume of the water will be determined using manual computation

based on the ACI mix design. The water-to-cement ratio that will be use is betweenwill be -0.40

to 0.50. The required strength of the concrete to be used in the computation will be 28 MPa,

which is the standard strength of 28-day cured concrete in construction.

3.3.2 Preparation of Aggregates

The aggregates will be provided by the Department of Civil Engineering Laboratory in

UPLB. The gravel will be sieve using 9.55mm and 35.7 mm sieves to determine the acceptable

coarse aggregates and the nominal minimum/maximum aggregates size will be determining. The

coarse aggregates volume will be based on the oven-dry-rodded weights obtained with ASTM C

29.

For the fine aggregates, the recycled ceramic tiles will be crushed and then sieve using

9.55 mm sieve. Since there will only be partial replacement of fine aggregates, Ssand will still be

used because the replacement of fine aggregates is only partial. Thus, both sand and recycled

ceramic tile fine aggregates (RCFA) will undergo sieving analysis to determine theirits fineness

modulus.
 3.3.3 Preparation of the Specimen
The will beFour four batches of mixing mixture which withcorresponds to the varying

amounts of partial replacement of fine aggregates by mass will be prepared. The following table

will be the summary of summarizes the amount of materials in each mixture.

Mixtur Amount of Amount of Amount of Natural Percent Amount of

e Cement (kg) Coarse Fine Aggregates Replacement RCFA (kg)
A 0%
B 25%
C 50%
D 75%

Figure 3.2 Mixture Summary of the Concrete

3.2.4 Slump Test
Slump tTest is done in order to knowwill be conducted to measure the workability of the

concrete mix. According to ACI (2000), the acceptable slump for each concrete mix will beis

based on the purpose of the concrete. In this study, a slump of 25–-100 mm will be considered

acceptable.

3.2.5 Molding
There will beIn this study, 16 pieces of- 4 x 8 inch cylindrical molds that will be usewill

be used. Each of the molds will be, and each will be cleaned first using oil in order to remove

any residual concrete particles left from it. Four molds will be filled for each type of mixture.

3.2.6 Curing
The entireAll specimens will be cured for 28 days in order to achieve the 28 MPa

standard strength of the concrete.

3.2.7 Subjecting to Sea Water

After the 28-day curing period, all of the specimens will be submerged in sea water for 30

days.
3.2.7 Cutting of Concrete
The concrete will be cut to obtain 4 x 4 -inch cylinder in the middle part of the concrete

by using a concrete saw provided byin the Department of Civil Engineering Laboratory in UPLB
with. This will be done with the help of the staff in the laboratory staff.

3.4 DC Electrical Resistivity Test

This test measures the electrical resistivity of a concrete by applying a voltage between

two steel plates with the concrete sandwiched between them (Alabastro, 2008). A Ppolarization

is developed sinceoccurs because the concrete conducts electricity as an electrolyte. According to

Monfore (1968), this polarization effect is constant even at different applied voltages. This can

be accountedphenomenon can be evaluated by taking measuring the current measurement at two

voltage levelss.

References

Alabastro, H. A. (2013). Investigation of Electrical Resistivity of Type 1 and Type 1P Cement

Concrete with Varying Curing Period Exposed in Marine Environment. Undergraduate
Thesis, University of the Philippines, Los Baños, Department of Civil Engineering.

Monfore, G. E. (1968). The Electrical Resistivity of Concrete. Journal of the PCA Researchand
Development Laboratories, 10(2), 35-48.

Week Number
Activity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
 Consultation with Adviser

Preparation of Materials

Computation of Mix Design

Preparatiion of Ceramic Tiles

Mixing and Molding of Concrete

Curing of Concrete

Preparation of Testing Field

Submerging of Concrete to Sea Water

Cutting of Concrete

Testing of Concrete's Resistivity

Statistical Analysis (ANOVA)
Gantt Chart