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Supersonic

 nozzles  
Introduc)on  to  Aeronau)cal  Engineering  
Ir.  Nando  Timmer  
Second  form  of  the  isentropic  rela4ons  

  Total  
temperature  
 
  Total  
 pressure  
 
 
 
Compressibility  
1

0.9

For  M  <  0.3  the  change  in  density  is  less  than  5%  
0.8 Thus:  For  M  <  0.3  the  flow  can  be  treated  as  
incompressible  

0.7

0.6
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
M
Supersonic  wind  tunnel  
Reservoir Test section
p0 Throat
T0 M >1 Pts
M<1 Tts
V≈0 M=1
Subsonic Supersonic
flow flow
Con4nuity  equa4on  
Area-­‐velocity  rela4on  
Area-­‐velocity  rela4on  (2)  
Area-­‐velocity  rela4on  (3)  

Case  1:      
Case  2:    
Case  3:    
Case  3:  M  =  1  

In  the  throat:  M  =  1!  


Nozzle  flow   * *  for  M=1  
flow   condiJons  
(T*,p*…)  
1

M  
1

x→

1 1
Supersonic  nozzles  

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