Department of Management Sciences

Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan

Subject Name : Computer for Executives

Semester : 2nd
Course Code : MSC-110
Credit Hours : 03

A Course Objectives
 The main objective of the computer courses is to provide a general understanding
and equip participants with basic and advanced skills in computer applications
that would assist them in undertaking more challenging tasks that require
computer knowledge.
 Due to increase in the importance of computer, this course has been design to able
the business administration students to utilize the new technology and information
age.
 Fundamental concepts of computers
 Various hardware building blocks
 Components of operating systems
 The Internet
 How to make a simple web page
 Basic productivity software including word processing, spreadsheets,
presentations and databases
B Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students will:
 Be able to identify computer hardware and peripheral devices
 Be familiar with software applications
 Understand file management
 Accomplish creating basic documents, worksheets, presentations and databases
 Distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of networks
 Experience working with email and recognize email netiquette
 Explore the Web and how to conduct research
 Identify computer risks and safety.

C. Course Contents:
1. Introduction
 Computer (Definition)
 Characteristic of Computer
 Function of Computer
 Computer Generations
2. Hardware and Software
 Operating System
  Programming Languages
 Machine Language
 Assemble Language
 High Level Language
3. Introduction to Windows
 Desktop, Icons, Start Menu, Programs
 Settings, Control Panel, Display, Date & Time
 Keyboard / Mouse, Shutdown
4. Introduction to Ms-Office
 Ms-Word, Creating New File, Opening File
 Saving File, Saving File, Renaming File
 Cut, Copy, Paste, Changing Font, Bold, Italic
 Format Painter, Page Breaks, Aligning Text
 Thesaurus, Spell Check, Finding and Replacing Text
 Page Setup, Print Setup, Print Preview, Printing a Document
5. Tables
 Draw Table, Insert Table, Columns to Right
 Rows Above, Rows Below, Delete Table
6. Introduction to Ms-Excel
 Work Books, Work Sheet, Entering and Editing Cells,
 Selecting Multiple Cells, Working with Number,
 Creating Formulas, Inserting and Deleting Rows and Columns,
 Inserting and Deleting Cells, Moving and Coping Cells,
 Adding Worksheets, Deleting Worksheets,
 Using Basic Excel Functions, Sum, Average
7. Introduction to Ms-Power Point
 Creating Presentations in Power Point by using Blank
 Presentation or Design Template, Add Text and Pictures,
 Custom Animation, View Show, Rehearse Timings
8. Internet
 Uses, Features of Internet, Web Browser,
 Using Internet, E.Mail
9. Database Management System
 Database
 DBMS
 DBA----Responsibilities
 Field, Record, Table
 Primary Key, Foreign Key
10. Networks & Data Communication
 Network
 Benefits / Uses of Network
 Types of Network
 LAN, WAN, MAN
Books Recommended (Latest Editions)/References
Peter Norton: Introduction to Computers.
 Department of Management Sciences
Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan

Subject Name : Pakistan Studies

Semester : 2nd
Course Code : Hum-103
Credit Hours : 02

A Course Objectives
 To provide an introduction to the history of Pakistan with reference to the history
of pre independence period and the reforms after the independence of Pakistan.
 To explain the social, political, and economic issues of Pakistan
 To discuss the geo-strategic importance of Pakistan and its relations with the
other countries
 To create awareness among students about their ideology, their country and the
importance of living in an independent and prosperous country.
 Ideology of pakistan
 Sir syedahmed khan and the aligarh movement
 Historical evolution of the of pakistan movement
 Problems of the new state
 The objectives resolution, march 1949.
 Constitutional issues and basic features of the constitutions of :
1956,1962,1973.
 Land, people and foreign policy of pakistan, and pakistan,s relations with
the muslim world.
 Different phases of the political history of pakistan (1947-2008).
B Learning Outcomes
After taking this course the students should be able to:
 Explain the importance of Pakistan Studies as a subject which can help and
understanding the origin, creation and the development of Pakistan.
 Define and explain the significance of ideology for a nation.
 Explain the concept of sovereignty of Allah and Islam.
 Explain how the guiding principles of Islamic way of the life (justice, equality
and brotherhood) from the basis of Pakistan’s ideology.
 Locate the main natural resources found in Pakistan
 Explain the economic significance of the resources found in Pakistan.

C Course Contents

1. Two Nation Theory and the Ideology of Pakistan:

 The Purpose for the creation of Pakistan.
 Ideology of Pakistan,
 Historical perspective of Pakistan Ideology
 Aligarh movement
 Establishment of Pakistan
  Quaid-e-Azam; his political ideas and role in the Independence of Pakistan
 Ideology of Pakistan in the light of the sayings of Dr. AllamaIqbal and Quaid-e-Azam
(RA).
2. Historical Background of Pakistan Ideology.
 Islamic Reformation Movements Sheikh Ahmad Sarhindi and Shah Walliullah and their
successors.
 Educational Movement (Alirarh, Dcoband, Nadwa, AnjumanHimayat-e-Islam, Sind
Madreassa and the Islamia College, Peshawar.).
 Political Struggle.
 Constitutional Reforms and Muslim: Separate Electorate.
 Khilafat Movement.
3. Pakistan Movement.
 Muslim Nationalism and the revolution of the two Nations theory.
 The Indian independence and the Muslims.
 Allahabad Address of Dr. Iqbal (1930).
 General Election of 1937 and the attitude of congress Governments towards the Muslims.
 Pakistan Resolution, 1940.
 General Elections of 1946 and the Transfer of Power.
4. Political Dynamics of Pakistan:
Division of Assets
Political and institutional developments in Pakistan: Ayub Khan’s Era; Separation of East
Pakistan; Bhutto Reforms; Zia-ul-Haq’s Era; Politics in Pakistan after the end of General
Zia’s Martial Law Regime
 Constitutional development in Pakistan (1947-73)
 Salient features of constitution of Pakistan 1973
 Institutions of Pakistan: political parties, bureaucracy, army, judiciary and media.
 Problems of Pakistan as a Federal State.
5. Land of Pakistan:
 Geographic boundaries of Pakistan
 Resources of Pakistan
6. Socio-economic Issues of Pakistan:
 Social structure of Pakistan
 Literacy in Pakistan
 Agriculture of Pakistan
 Industries of Pakistan
 Economic Problems of Pakistan
 Social and demographic issues in Pakistan
7. Foreign policy of Pakistan:
 Determinants of Pakistan’s foreign policy
 Pakistan’s relations with its neighboring countries
 Pakistan and the Muslim World
 Pakistan and ECO

Books Recommended (Latest Editions)

 Rabbani, M. Ikram.2003.(revised Eddition) Introduction to Pak Studies. Lahore Carvan.
 JavadIqbal 1971 Ideology of Pakistan. Lahore Ferozsons Ltd
 Sheikh Javed Ahmad. Pakistans’s Political, Economic and Diplomatic Dynamics. Lahore
Kitabistan Paper Products.
 Department of Management Sciences
Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan

Subject Name : Business Mathematic

Semester : 2nd
Course Code : MSC 111
Credit Hours : 03

A Course Objectives
 The main objective of this course is to familiar the students with knowledge of
elementary mathematics and statistics that is essential to economics providing a base for
better public administration and to prepare them for taking further courses of quantitative
nature.
 The primary objective of the course is to prepare students for subsequent work in the business
education and for their future careers in business. For this reason, all aspects or the program
follow business practices and use common tools of the business world.
 To help the students in applying mathematical tool to obtain quantitative information that is
relevant to business decisions.
 To provide students with basic math skills useful in solving real-life business problems.
 Apply arithmetic and algebraic skills to everyday business problems.
 Use ratio, proportion and percent in the solution of business problems.
 Solve business problems involving commercial discount, markup and markdown.
 Solve systems of linear equations graphically and algebraically and apply to cost volume-profit
analysis.
 Apply Statistical Representation of Data, Correlation, Time Series and Exponential Smoothing
methods in business decision making.
 Use elementary probability theory and knowledge about probability distributions in developing
profitable business strategies.
B Learning Outcomes
 Solve basic math problems using whole numbers, fractions, decimals, percent’s, and equations.
 Solve business math problems using equations.
 Maintain checking accounts and prepare bank reconciliations.
 Prepare invoices and calculate trade and cash discounts.
 Calculate markups and markdowns.
 Compute payroll.
 Compute simple and compound interest.
 Solve mortgage problems.
 Complete depreciation problems.
 Evaluate investments in stocks, bonds, and mutual funds.
C Course Contents

1. Basic Mathematics Problems

 Identify the place value of whole numbers.
 Read and write whole numbers in numerical and word form.
 Round whole numbers to a specified place value.
 Add, subtract, multiply, and divide whole numbers manually and using a calculator.
 Solve business math word problems using whole numbers.
 Identify a proper fraction, an improper fraction, and a mixed number.
 Convert a mixed number to an improper fraction.
 Convert an improper fraction to a mixed number.
 Raise a fraction to higher terms.
 Reduce a fraction to its lowest terms.
 Add, subtract, multiply, and divide fractions and mixed numbers.
 Use the cancellation method to simplify multiplication and division of fractions.
 Convert fractions to decimals and decimals to fractions.
 Use the calculator to add, subtract, multiply, and divide fractions and mixed numbers.
 Solve business math word problems using fractions and mixed numbers.
 Identify the place value of decimal numbers.
 Read and write decimal numbers in numerical and word form.
 Round decimal numbers to a specified place value.
 Add, subtract, multiply, and divide using decimal numbers.
 Convert decimals and fractions.
 Convert fractions to decimals.
 Solve business math word problems using decimals.
 Convert percents to decimals.
 Convert decimals to percents.
 Convert percents to fractions.
 Convert fractions to percents.
 Use the percentage formulas to find a rate, the portion, or the base.
 Find the amount of increase or decrease.
 Find the percent increase or decrease.
 Use the percentage formulas to solve business math word problems.
2. Equations
 Explain the concept, terminology, and rules of equations.
 Write expressions and equations from written statements.
 Solve equations for the unknown and prove the solution.
 Set up and solve business-related word problems by using equations.
 Express a relationship as a ratio.
 Set up proportions.
 Apply ratios and proportions to problem-solving situations.
3. Trade and Cash Discounts.
 Recall the parts of an invoice.
 Extend and total an invoice.
 Calculate the amount of a single trade discount.
 Calculate the net price by using the net price factor.
  Calculate the trade discount rate when the list price and net price are known.
 Calculate the net price of a series of trade discounts by using the net price factor,
complement method.
 Calculate the amount of a trade discount by using a single equivalent discount.
 Calculate cash discounts and net amount due.
 Calculate the net amount due with credit given for a partial payment.
 Determine the discount date and net date.
4. Markups and Markdowns.
 Use the retailing equation to find the cost, amount of markup, and selling price of an
item.
 Calculate the percent markup based on cost.
 Calculate the selling price when cost and percent markup based on cost are known.
 Calculate the cost when selling price and percent markup based on cost are known.
 Calculate percent markup based on selling price.
 Calculate selling price when cost and percent markup based on selling price are
known.
 Calculate cost when selling price and percent markup based on selling price are
known.
 Convert percent markup based on cost to percent markup based on selling price, and
vice versa.
 Determine the amount of markdown and the markdown percent.
 Determine the selling price after a markdown and the original price before a
markdown.
 Compute the final selling price after a series of markups and markdowns.
 Calculate the selling price of perishable goods.
5. Simple and Compound interest.
 Compute simple interest for loans with terms of years or months.
 Calculate simple interest for loans with terms of days by using exact interest or
ordinary interest methods.
 Calculate the maturity value of a loan.
 Calculate the number of days of a loan.
 Determine the maturity date of a loan.
 Solve for the principal, rate, or time.
 Calculate loans involving partial payments before maturity.
 Calculate bank discount and proceeds for simple discount notes.
 Calculate the true or effective rate of interest for a simple discount note.
 Discount notes before maturity.
 Manually calculate the compound amount (future value) and compound interest.
 Compute the compound amount (future value) and compound interest using the
compound interest tables.
 Create compound interest table factors for periods beyond the table.
 Calculate the annual percentage yield (APY) or effective interest rate.
 Calculate the compound amount by using the compound interest formula.
 Calculate the present value of a future amount by using the present value tables.
 Create present value table factors for periods beyond the table.
 Calculate the present value of a future amount by using the present value formula.
6. Mortgages.
 Calculate the monthly payment and total interest paid on a fixed-rate mortgage.
 Prepare a partial amortization schedule of a mortgage.
 Calculate the monthly PITI of a mortgage loan.
 Review closing costs and calculate the amount due at closing.
 Calculate the interest rate of an adjustable-rate mortgage.
 Calculate the potential amount of credit available to a borrower.
 Calculate the housing expense ratio and the total obligations ratio of a borrower.

7. Depreciation
 Calculate depreciation using the straight-line, the declining-balance, the sum-of-the-
years digits, the units-of-production, and the Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery
System (MACRS) methods.
 Determine salvage value.
 Determine a rate of depreciation based on the straight-line method.
 Calculate book value.
 Determine gain or loss on the sale of an asset.
 Solve business problems involving depreciation.

Books Recommended (Latest Editions)/References

 Frank, S. Budnick: Applied Mathematics for Business Economics and Social Sciences
Bowen: Mathematics with Applications in Management and Economics
 Contemporary Mathematics for Business and Consumers, 7th Edition, 2015, Robert
Brechner and George Bergeman, CengageLearningProfsher Muhammad chaudhry :
introduction to statistical theory part I
 Basic business mathematics :schaum’s outlines
 Frank’s Budnick : applied mathematics for business economics.
 IqbalBhatti: Fundamental of Statistics. Latest Edition.
 Prof sher Muhammad chaudhry : introduction to statistical theory part I
 Basic business mathematics :schaum’s outlines
 Mansfield, E., Statistics for Business & Economics: Methods and Applications.
 Danier, W.W., Terrell, J.C., Business Statistics: Basic Concepts and Methodology.
 Mansfield, E., Statistics for Business & Economics: Methods and Applications.
 Danier, W.W., Terrell, J.C., Business Statistics: Basic Concepts and Methodology.
 Department of Management Sciences
Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan

Subject Name : PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING

Semester : 2nd
Course Code : MKT-130
Credit Hours : 03
A. Course Objectives
The course is designed to introduce students to basic marketing concepts, enable them to see
inter-linkages among these concepts and more importantly to develop them as independent
reader of the discipline so that they can ‘think marketing’ in their own unique way.
 Apply the basic principles and tools of marketing.
 Discuss concepts, tools, and skills necessary in developing an effective marketing and
implementation plan, with a particular emphasis on customer satisfaction
 Develop an in-depth understanding of the field of marketing and to integrate
theoretical concepts with practical marketing problems.
B. Learning Outcomes:
Successful completion of the course means students are able to:
 Understand how to analyze the market and appreciate differences that exist between
B2B and B2C
 Understand how firms use marketing to better connect with their markets
 Understand the tools available to successfully market firm’s products and services
 Identify outlets publishing up-to-date marketing articles and be able to read and
understand these materials.
 Improve the ability to analyze marketing problems and provide implementable
solutions.
 Discuss the importance of critical marketing decision-making.
 Know how to analyze markets and identify appropriate segmentation criteria to
discover promising market niches.

C. Course Contents
D. Marketing Concepts
E. Marketing environment
F. Planning and research in marketing
G. Market segmentation and targeting
H. Consumer behavior
I. Industrial marketing
J. Product planning
K. Product-Mix
L. Pricing
M. Distribution, Placement
N. Promotional Mix
O. Marketing in global scenario
Books Recommended (Latest Editions)/References
 Kotler, P., Armstrong, G., Agnihotri, P.Y. and Haque E. (2010). Principles of Marketing,
14th edition.
 Peter Rix: Fundamentals of Marketing
 Etzel Stanton, and Walker, Fundamentals of MarketingMcCarthy: Basic Marketing
 Department of Management Sciences
Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan

Subject Name : FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING

Semester : 2nd semesters
Course Code : ACC-220
Credit Hours : 03
A Course Objectives
The object of this course is to introduce the accounting process, systems and functions as

B Learning Outcomes
This course will introduce you to the key concepts of Accounting. You will learn to
prepare financial statements and will also be equipped to analyze them. After taking this
course, you will be able to:

 Describe the nature, uses and purposes of financial accounting, and outline both the
conceptual and regulatory frameworks that govern the preparation and reporting of
financial information
 Explain the accounting equation and its link with financial statements, and illustrate the
impact of economic transactions on the accounting equation
 Describe the key concepts and conventions that underlie financial accounting
 Describe and apply the transactions recording process from source documents to
financial statements via the books of prime entry, ledgers and trial balance
 Explain the nature and purposes of control accounts and apply appropriate correcting
techniques for errors and omissions
 Explain and apply the recognition and measurement principles relating to: non-current
liabilities and equity, non-current assets (including depreciation and amortization),
inventories (and cost of sales) and other current assets and liabilities (including
receivables and bad debts, prepayments and accruals, etc.)
 Explain the characteristics of a sole proprietor vis-à-vis a company; and prepare
financial statements for both forms of entities
 Explain the characteristics of a partnership, prepare financial information for a
partnership including the admission of a partner and the dissolution of a partnership
 Apply accounting principles, concepts and conventions in practical situations
 Demonstrate basic problem solving skills
 Demonstrate an ability to undertake independent study and to manage time
Demonstrate basic numerical skills

C. Course Contents

Partnership – I: Appropriation of Profit and Loss: Meaning of Partnership; Features of

Partnership; Partnership Deed; Kinds of Partners; Registration of Partnership Firm;
Partners’ Capital Account; Interest on Capital; Partner’s Salaries, Commission; Partners’
Drawings; Partners’ Loan Accounts; Sharing of Profits; Guarantee of Profits to or by a
Partner;
Partnership – II: Admission of a Partner; Adjustment in regard to Profit-sharing Ratio;
Adjustment in regard to Goodwill; Types of Goodwill; Valuation of non-purchased
Goodwill; Treatment of Goodwill on Admission of a New Partner; Adjustment in regard
to Revaluation of Assets and Liabilities; Adjustment in regard to Undrawn Profits;
Adjustment in regard to Partners’ Capitals; Admission of a partner during an Accounting
Year;

Partnership – III: Retirement of a Partner: Adjustment in regard to Goodwill;

Adjustment in regard to Revaluation of Assets and Liabilities; Adjustment in regard to
Undistributed Profit; Computation of retiring Partner’s Interest; Mode of payment of
Retiring Partner’s Interest; Unsettled accounts of a Retiring Partner; Admission-cum-
Retirement;

Partnership – IV: Death of a Partner: Ascertainment of Financial Interest; Unsettled

accounts of a Deceased Partner;

Partnership – V: Dissolution of the Firm: Dissolution by the Partners; Dissolution by the

Court; Steps in the dissolution Process; Settlement of Accounts; Accounting Entries for
Dissolution; Realization of Assets and Settlement of Liabilities; Settlement of the
Accounts of the Partners; Where all the partners are solvent; Where some of the partners
are solvent and other are insolvent; Where all the partners are insolvent (Note: Gradual
Realization of Assets and Piece-meal Distribution are excluded.);

Partnership – VI: Amalgamation of Firms and Conversion/Sale to a Company: When

two or more Sole Proprietorship form a New Partnership Firm; Accounting Entries in the
Books of Amalgamating Sole Proprietors; Accounting Entries in the Books of the New
Firm; Accounting Entries in the Books of Amalgamating Firms When; An existing
Partnership Firm absorbs Sole Proprietorship; An existing Partnership Firm absorbs
another Partnership Firm; Two or more
Partnership Firms form a New Partnership Firm; Conversion or Sale of a Partnership
Firm to a Company; Accounting Entries in the Books of Selling Firms; Accounting
Entries in the Books of Purchasing Company;

Recommended Texts:

Mukherjee, A., &Hanif, M. (2013).Modern Accountancy, (2nd Edition). New Dehli, Tata
McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited.

Shukla, M.C. &Grewal, T.S. (Revised by Gupta, S. C.)(2008). Advanced Accounts, (Vol-
2).New Dehli S. Chand Limited.

Chiappetta, L.W. (2005). Fundamentals of Financial Accounting, (17th

Edition).McGraw-Hill Irwin.

Meigs, W.B., Johnson, C.E., &Meigs, R.F. (2003).Accounting; the basis of business
decisions, (11th Edition). McGraw-Hill.
 Department of Management Sciences
Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan

Subject Name : MACRO ECONOMICS

Semester : 2ND SEMESTER
Course Code : ECO-241
Credit Hours : 03

A Course Objectives
B Learning Outcomes
At the end of this course, students will be able to:
 To become familiar with and readily use economic terminology.
 To learn about the analytical approach economists take to the problem of scarcity.
 To gain an intuitive understanding of macroeconomic theory and application.
 To acquire better critical thinking skills through the analysis of present day economic issues.
 To provide a foundation for possible careers in business, government, academic or other sectors.
 To develop a conscious recognition of economics in the world around us.

C. Course Contents
1. Key concepts of macroeconomics
• Objectives and instruments of macroeconomics.
• Tools of macroeconomics policy.
• Aggregate demand and supply.
2. Measuring economic activity
• Concepts of National Income.
• Measurement of National Income. GDP, NDP, GNP & NNP, Personal Income &
Disposable Personal Income
• GDP Deflator and a real GDP
• National Income as a measure of economic welfare
3. Consumption and investment
• Consumption, Income and saving.
• Consumption Function.
• Saving Function.
• The Marginal Propensity to Consume and Average Propensity to consume
• The Marginal Propensity to Save and Average
• Propensity to save
• Determinants of Consumption
• Determinants of Investment (Rate of interest, MEC)

4. Income and employment determination

• Classical approach.
• Modern approach (Keynesian)
• Post Keynesian Approach
5. Multiplier and accelerator
 • Investment Multiplier.
• Tax multiplier, foreign trade multiplier and super multiplier.
6. Fiscal and monetary policies
• Fiscal Policy
• Monetary Policy
7. Inflation
• Nature and kinds.
• Inflationary and deflationary gaps.
• Inflation and unemployment.
8. Business cycle
• The concept of Business Cycle
• Business Cycle Theories
• Business Cycle & Business Decision Making
9. International trade
• Classical theory of International trade (CIT)
• Modern theory of International trade (H-O-Theorem), Economic Integration and
Regional Cooperation, Protection and free trade.
• WTO (Objectives and role)
10. Balance of payments
• Balance of Payments Accounts.
• Disequilibrium & Imbalance of Payments.
• Causes and Remedies.

Books Recommended (Latest Editions)/References

• Dornbusch and Fischer Macroeconomics, McGraw Hill, New York. (Latest

• Edition)
• Mc Connell & Brue, Economic, McGraw Hill, INC (Latest Edition)
• Muhammad HussainChoudhry, Economic Theory Volume 2, Caravan Book House,
Lahore 2002.
• Ruffin & Gregory, Principles of Economics, Scott, Foresman& Company.
• Samuelson and Nordhaus, Economics, McGraw Hill, New York. (Latest
Edition)