DON MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY

North La Union Campus

Bacnotan, La Union

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Secondary Education Department

Detailed Lesson Plan

I. Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

1. identify the different kinds of bacteria;

2. draw the different shapes of bacteria;
3. appreciate the benefits of bacteria.
II. Subject Matter:

A. Topic: Bacteria
B. Reference: a. Introduction to Bacteria.(April 19,2015).Retrieved
http://handsonclassrooms.org/files/Science/introduction_to_bact
eria_02.ppt
b. Bacteria - MicrobeWorld.(April 19,2015).Retrieved
from http://www.microbeworld.org/types-of-
microbes/bacteria
c. Bacteria -MicrobiologyOnline.(April19,2015).Retrieved
fromhttp://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-
microbiology/introducing-microbes/bacteria
C. Materials: visual aids (mp and pictures)
D. Skills: drawing
E. Values: appreciation, patience
F. Concept: Bacteria are not all harmful to humans but rather, it
has more benefits to humans and the environment.

III.Procedure:

Teacher’s Activity Learner’s Activity

A. Preliminary Activities (take 5 mins)

Greetings
Prayers
Checking of Attendance
Classroom Management
B. Review (this will take 5 mins)
Ma’am bacteria and protozoa.
Before we proceed to our lesson,
let’s have a review about
unicellular organism. Can you give
me an example of a unicellular
organism? Ma’am, unicellular algae and
unicellular fungi or yeasts.
Very good, what else?

Ma’am because they are single-celled

organism. From the root word uni
Yes. That’s correct! And why are which means one or single.
they called unicellular organism?

Very good. These unicellular

organisms are single-celled and Ma’am Bacteria!
also called prokaryotes. Now, do
you have any idea if what is the
smallest type of unicellular
organism?

You’re right!

C. Motivation (this will take 10 mins)

Class, I have here a picture which (students choose a word and explain)
shows different words that are
related to bacteria. I want you to
choose one word and use it to
describe or define bacteria.

(show picture)

D. Developmental Activities
(this will take 20 mins)
Okay class, since we already
describe and define bacteria; let us Ma’am, the white colored bacterium
now study the different shapes of has a round shape.
bacteria. Look at this photo
carefully and tell me the shape of
each bacterium. (show picture) Ma’am the bacterium on the center
has a rod shape.
Very good. What else?
Ma’am it is a spiral shaped bacterium.

Correct. And the last one?

Yes. Very good. These are the

three basic shapes; rod shaped
called bacilli, round shaped called
cocci and the spiral shaped also
called spirillum. Some exist as
single cells, others are clustered
together. Yes ma’am!

Ma’am because the bacteria can

Do you think bacteria are alive? reproduce.

Ma’am because they eat.

Why do you think so?

Ma’am because the bacteria can

move.
You’re right. Very good! What else
can make you think that a
Ma’am they use their flagella to move.
bacterium is alive?

Yes. What else?

Very good. What do they use to
move?
Ma’am they reproduce through binary
fission wherein they multiply through
Yes. Most motile bacteria move by division.
the use of flagella There are helical
bacteria which have a specialized Ma’am through conjugation, wherein
internal structure known as the the cilia of the bacterium connects to
axial filament which is responsible other cilia of a bacterium then
for rotation of the cell in a spiral transfers genetic material to another.
fashion and consequent
locomotion and others are gliding Ma’am some make their own food
bacteria. from sunlight, like the photosynthetic
bacteria.

Since we said a while ago that a

bacteria can reproduce, do you Ma’am some are scavengers like the
have any idea how they bacteria in our stomach which eat
reproduce? what we eat.

Very good. There is one more way Ma’am some bacteria eat other
on how bacteria reproduce, what is bacteria which are also called
it? pathogens.

Ma’am bacteria that make us sick.

You’re right! Now, what do you

think do they eat? Ma’am they produce poisons that
result in fever, headache, vomiting,
and diarrhea and destroy body tissue.

Ma’am through direct contact with

Yes. Another? people who are sick.
 Ma’am from food, Water, or other
surfaces that are contaminated.

Correct! What else? Yes ma’am. For example, you could

become infected if you come into
contact with equipment that has
been touched by an ill person.

Ma’am some pathogenic bacteria rely

on insect carriers such as
Very good! So what are
mosquitoes, fleas, lice or ticks to
pathogens? Do you have any
move from host to host.
idea?
No ma’am.

And how do they make you sick?

Ma’am not all bacteria are pathogenic
because there are some types of
bacteria that help with digestion and
also used as ingredients of some
Correct! Where do you get a foods like cheese for fermentation.
pathogen?
Ma’am it is also used for production of
Yes, what else? antibiotics and the photosynthetic
bacteria produces oxygen.

Is it also possible that you get

infected through indirect contact?
How?
Ma’am, one is Pediococcus which is
used in production of fermented
meats.

Yes. What else?

Ma’am Lactobacillus casei which is
found in human intestines and mouth
to improve digestion.
Very good! Are all bacteria Ma’am Leuconostoc cremoris which is
pathogens? used in the production of buttermilk
and sour cream.
Why? Explain further.
Ma’am Lactobacillus bulgaricus which
is used in the production of yogurt
and cheese.

Ma’am Pathogenic E. coli which is

Correct. Anymore more idea? found in ground beef, contaminated
fruits and vegetables.

Ma’am Salmonella which is found in

Very well said! Can you give some raw meats, poultry, eggs, sprouts, fruit
example of helpful bacteria as we and vegetables
have said a while ago that not all
bacteria are pathogenic and some Ma’am Listeria which is Found in deli
are helpful? So what are these foods, lunch meats, smoked fish and
helpful bacteria? vegetables.

Yes. What else? Ma’am washing our hands often will

avoid the transfer of bacteria to our
mouth or food.

Anymore? Ma’am food should be cook

thoroughly to kill any pathogens that
may be in the food.

No more? Ma’am let us store food properly to

limit pathogen growth.

Very good. Do you know some

common pathogens?

Yes. What else? (students will now draw)

 Correct. What else?
Ma’am bacteria are the smallest
unicellular organism.

You’re right. So what can we do to

prevent or avoid these pathogenic Ma’am the rod shaped called bacilli,
bacteria? round shaped called cocci and the
spiral shaped also called spirillum.
Yes. What else?
Ma’am they move, reproduce and eat.

Correct. Anymore? Ma’am the bacteria that make us sick.

Ma’am through direct and indirect

Very good! contact with other people. And also
from the contaminated foods, water
E. Application (this will take 5 mins) and surfaces.

Direction: Bring out a piece of bond Ma’am Pediococcus which is used in

paper and draw the different production of fermented meats,
shapes of bacteria. Lactobacillus casei which is found in
human intestines and mouth to
F. Generalization (this will take 5 mins) improve digestion, Leuconostoc
cremoris which is used in the
Okay class, let’s have a recap on production of buttermilk and sour
what we have discussed today. cream and Lactobacillus bulgaricus
What are bacteria? which is used in the production of
yogurt and cheese.
What are the different shapes of
bacteria? Ma’am Pathogenic E. coli which is
found in ground beef, contaminated
fruits and vegetables, Salmonella
What are the evidences or proof which is found in raw meats, poultry,
that bacteria are alive? eggs, sprouts, fruit and vegetables
and Listeria which is Found in deli
What are pathogens? foods, lunch meats, smoked fish and
vegetables.
How do we get pathogens?
 Ma’am we should wash our hands
often, food should be cook thoroughly
What are the examples of good and food should be stored properly to
bacteria? avoid pathogenic bacteria.

What are the common pathogenic

bacteria?

How can we avoid pathogenic

bacteria?

Very good!

IV. Evaluation (this will take 5 mins)

Direction: Bring out ¼ piece of paper and identify the following bacteria if it is
beneficial or harmful and give their shape. (14 pts.)

1. Pediococcus
2. Pathogenic E. coli
3. Lactobacillus casei
4. Salmonella
5. Leuconostoc cremoris
6. Listeria
7. Lactobacillus bulgaricus
V. Assignment

Read about multicellular organism.

Prepared by:

Sharon M. Ballasiw
BSE II- BioSci

Presented to:

Dr. Violeta F. Collado

Course Instructor

Photo used in Motivation:

Photo used in the developmental activity: Identification of shapes.